We Must Not Rush To Solve The Problem Of "National Hair".

In order to fully demonstrate the achievements of the Ordos fine wool sheep industry in the past 50 years and promote the modernization process of domestic sheep wool (hereinafter referred to as "national wool"), the theme is "green Wu trial", independent innovation, and building China's first class.

On the forum, experts and scholars from functional departments, scientific research institutes, producers and users, aimed at the development of Mao, exchanged ideas and experiences, talked freely about measures and suggestions, and conspired to plan for revitalizing the country.

The author was invited by the host to participate in the forum and visited the Ordos fine wool sheep industrial development results show.

Good prices come from high quality and benefit from notarization.

Washen banner is located in the southwest of Ordos City and the southernmost tip of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total area of 11645 square kilometers. It can use 9 million mu of grassland area and produce 4000 tons of wool and wool annually, of which 80% is fine wool, with 66 branches (20.1 m to 21.5 21.5 m) as the main body, with a net gross rate of 50%.

This time

The wool quality index of the auction is from Inner Mongolia.

The forum and auction were successful. It fully demonstrated the progress and achievements in the production of fine wool in Wulin banner. It has a very important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for promoting the state's research on the development strategy of the national wool, establishing the confidence of the herdsmen in scientific breeding of fine wool sheep, promoting the standardized breeding of the national wool, improving the quality of the national wool and speeding up the reform of the circulation system of wool and wool.

During the meeting, we visited the modern grassland animal husbandry demonstration households in the Wu Shen banner. The herdsmen jointly established breeding centers, feed processing plants and farms. The fine wool sheep breeding farms used scientific experimental methods and advanced breeding methods to breed fine and high-yield fine wool sheep.

As an important production area of the state Mao, the speed and level of development of the Wun Shen banner are admirable and amazing.

But at the same time, people realized the difference. There is a big gap between Australia and the main producing country of sheep. At present, the price of national wool is nearly 1 thousand yuan (RMB) less than the price of Australian wool. Whether it is scientific breeding, feeding management, sheep shearing, grading and packing, are the reasons leading to the price gap.

In addition, the presence of foreign fibers (Bing Guansi) and imprinted wool (asphalt wool) from packaging is also the main "culprit" affecting wool quality in sheep.

The problem of foreign fibers and imprinting wool which is difficult to effectively remove in industrial production is a big problem for manufacturing enterprises.

In particular, the harm of polypropylene fiber is very great. During its processing, its vertical separation will lead to multiple roots and a small polypropylene fiber, which will lead to the final processing of finished products, and the whole batch will become defective products.

Standardizes the national standard, leading the standard.

A standard document is a normative document that is obtained by consensus and approved by a recognized body, and used together and reused within a certain scope.

China's standards are divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards, and the standards are divided into two categories: mandatory standards and recommended standards.

GB1523 "sheep hair" (hereinafter referred to as "sheep hair") is a mandatory national standard, and is mandatory in full text, with the effect of technical regulations.

It is based on the comprehensive achievements of science, technology and experience, and aims at promoting the best common benefits of sheep wool industry.

Standardize the quality of the country's wool and the standard must be in the lead.

In order to protect the resources of domestic wool and wool and meet the needs of sheep production, trade, processing, quality supervision and import and export inspection, and safeguard the legitimate economic interests of producers, operators and users, the Chinese fiber inspection bureau takes the lead and invites experts from the relevant departments of the Ministry of Agriculture, inspection and quarantine, associations and other well-known wool spinning and weaving enterprises to form a revision group to complete the revision of the national standard of sheep wool.

The revision of the general framework of the standard, the setting of the technical indicators and the determination of the direction of the inspection are in line with the international practice and at the same time conform to the reality of the production, circulation and processing of sheep wool production and processing requirements. The standards are scientific, reasonable, concise and clear, and easy to operate; the setting of the technical index points emphasize the key points, draw the grades, distinguish the advantages and disadvantages; in the standard, there are 9 assessment indexes, namely, the size, size, average diameter, the average length of the hairs, the shortest length of the wool, the percentage of the shortest number of wool bundles, the percentage of the gross cavity, the percentage of the gross weight of the wool, and the content of the vegetable.

The concept of grade has been abolished and replaced by models and specifications. The average diameter has been changed from 2 m and 1.5 m to 1 m m, and it has been divided into 18 stalls. The concept of super fine wool has been introduced for the first time, and it has been clearly defined in terms, so that the technical index can be set and specified, so that it can be more close to the actual needs of trading, production and international integration.

The test method has also been improved. The inspection method is advanced, fast and accurate, and is in line with international standards.

Aiming at the focal points in the actual production and processing of foreign fibers and imprinted wool, it has also made a clear provision: "packaging must use ventilated and breathable materials, and strictly prohibit the use of packaging that is harmful to wool quality".

This will effectively regulate the production of sheep wool, protect the fine quality of wool and enhance the wool quality of sheep.

We need to seriously analyze the gap between Australia and China.

The quality of sheep wool in China is quite different from that in Australia, which is mainly restricted by various factors such as resources, technology, economy and system.

Resource factors: China's sheep wool producing areas are mainly distributed in the northern steppe, while the northern grassland has unfavorable factors.

One is the unfavorable climate resources: the distribution of sheep in China is from the Xinjiang mountain steppe in the northwest to the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, the pastoral area of Heilongjiang and the western part of Jilin. It is an arid and semi-arid area. The highest temperature in summer and the lowest temperature in winter are very different in the above regions, and the rainfall is scarce, the frost free period is short, and the effective growth period of pasture is short.

Two, grassland degradation and desertification are serious: due to the continuous opening of prairie grassland and overgrazing, our country has 4 billion 700 million mu of grassland, but only 1/8 of the truly prairie grassland is left.

Technical factors: technology mainly refers to two aspects of grassland improvement and sheep improvement.

First, grassland improvement and management technology are backward: in pasture semi pastoral areas, whether it is the accumulated area of artificial grass or through artificial improved grassland area, whether it is the reserved area of pasture fence, or the area of Grassland Irrigation, the proportion of the available grassland area is very small.

Two, sheep breed improvement is not popular: Although the number of livestock in China is over 100 million, the proportion of fine wool and semi fine wool is low.

In 2008, the number of sheep herds was 128 million 557 thousand, and the output of sheep was 361687 tons. Among them, the output of fine wool was 123838 tons, accounting for 34.23% of the total output, and the output of half fine wool was 104838 tons, accounting for 28.97% of the total output.

Three, sheep feeding technology is not suitable: mainly due to imbalance of nutrient supply and demand in winter, and serious harm of sheep parasite worms.

{page_break}

Economic factors: one is the shortage of funds and the lagging behind in construction. The proportion of investment in grassland infrastructure construction in the national budget is very small.

Two, there is a lack of incentives for capital injection. Due to the existence of larger natural risks and price risks in pastoral areas, there is a greater uncertainty in the economic environment.

Three, the quality of human resources is relatively low, and the cultural level of practitioners is relatively low. The proportion of illiterate illiterate practitioners in some areas is still very high.

Institutional factors: first, the property rights system is not perfect.

At present, the real implementation of the contract is mainly to feed pastures and land outside the cropland, which accounts for a small proportion of grassland that can be used in the semi pastoral areas of pasturing areas. The rest of the grazing grassland is still "big pot of rice". The reason is that grassland degradation and desertification are serious, the significance of contracting is lost, and the terrain is complex.

Two, the circulation system is not perfect. At present, the visible market of China's wool trading is not yet perfect, the economic person system has not yet been established, and the state's basic livelihood guarantee for farmers and herdsmen has not yet formed.

With the deepening of reform and opening up, the circulation pattern of plush fibers has undergone fundamental changes. The main business entities of non main channels are constantly emerging and very complex. Among them, there are many people who ignore relevant laws and regulations and do not know the relevant national standards. When prices are chaotic, disorderly competition, adulteration and adulteration occur in circulation, the phenomenon of mixing, storing, and selling non standard national standards is common.

It is gratifying to note that the government and functional departments of the state and the main producing areas and provinces, as well as the vast number of scientific researchers and farmers, are becoming more and more aware of the breeding of fine fine wool sheep. They are gradually becoming more and more aware, and are making great efforts, such as: Inner Mongolia washen banner, Inner Mongolia Aohan sheep breeding farm, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Gansu Sunan County, Inner Mongolia Aohan sheep breeding farm, Qinghai triangle sheep breeding farm, Gansu sheep breeding technology extension station, Inner Mongolia Wuyi livestock farm. Every year, fine fine wool is sent to the Nanjing wool market for auction.

Measures and suggestions for solving problems

The issue of sheep's wool production and marketing has been deeply concerned by the relevant parties for many years. From the state to the local authorities, from the competent authorities to the relevant scholars, from scientific research personnel to farmers, from inspection departments to processing enterprises, all factors are analyzed and discussed, restricting the production of sheep's wool in China, so as to explore the measures to realize the modernization of sheep's hair production and marketing in China. I think we should proceed from the following aspects:

1., the state should speed up the introduction of macroeconomic regulation and control policies, increase capital injection and investment in science and technology, and plan a "fine wool production and demonstration base with reasonable layout, pursuit of efficiency and scale production", and take effective measures to promote its establishment.

2. adjust the production structure of wool sheep.

The existing fine wool and semi fine sheep breeds are divided into 66 to 70 or more diameter fine wool sheep. The breeding continues to be improved, and the fine wool is developed in the conditionally area (the national standard of sheep wool) is 19 m and below the same quality wool, so as to increase the output of high quality wool, so as to meet the quality raw materials needed for the development of the wool textile industry.

3., strengthen the management of wool production and marketing.

Efforts should be made to strengthen the supervision and management of plush fiber and the national standard of "sheep wool".

Sub regional, sub sectors, in accordance with different groups, take effective measures to promote all aspects of the wool industry to ensure the implementation of laws and regulations without leaving "dead ends".

4., establish a scientific grading management auction system.

We should establish a modern wool management system with the aim of improving the commercial value of wool. We should improve the basic facilities such as shearing, grading, shearing machinery, grading worktable and baling machine, and standardize the technical measures in line with the international practice in shearing, scientific grading, objective inspection and public auction.

5. strengthen the quality supervision of wool.

We should improve and strengthen the inspection ability of professional fiber inspection institutions in sheep main producing areas, improve advanced inspection instruments and equipment, and improve the scientificity, accuracy and authority of technical indicators inspection.

It also effectively monitors the legality and standardization of the production, operation and processing of wool and wool, and establishes and improves the Mao Gongzheng inspection system for sheep.

Links: industry background

Sheep wool is an important raw material of modern wool textile industry in China. It is an important economic pillar in pastoral areas and is the main source of survival for farmers and herdsmen.

China has undergone more than 50 years of variety improvement, and has successfully produced over 10 types of fine wool sheep.

At present, China is the world's second largest producer of wool, second only to Australia.

According to the "China animal husbandry Yearbook" Statistics: in 2008, the total output of sheep wool in China was 361 thousand and 687 tons, of which: 123 thousand and 838 tons of fine wool, accounting for 34.24% of the total output, far from meeting the needs of China's wool textile industry, and only 30% of the total raw materials could be maintained. Therefore, it is necessary to import about 300 thousand tons of wool and wool every year.

In the second half of the 1980s, the amplitude of wool imports from China increased greatly, from 56 thousand tons in 1984 to 187 thousand tons in 1988, and the import value increased from 160 million US dollars to 900 million US dollars.

In 2007, imports reached the highest level in history, 332 thousand and 500 tons, an increase of 10.94% over the same period last year, an increase of 4.20% tons over the 13 thousand and 400 highest recorded in 1994.