Domestic Mink Industry Standard

This standard specifies the technical requirements, quality standards, and quality standards for mink skins peeling and processing.

This standard is applicable to peeling, processing, buying and selling of mink skins.

Definition

One

Mink is peeled and dried but not tanned.

2 positive season skin the skin in season

From late November to mid December, the skin of wool, wool and plate was naturally matured.

3 skin shape intact form whole 0fskin

According to the standard last plate and the last skin, the skin of the lips, eyes, ears, nose, tail and hind legs is complete.

4 pure color clear color

The color of the coat is in accordance with the color pattern.

5 good quality nice hide

Leather plate is flexible, elastic, oily, clean and clear, no obvious pigments.

6 disability damaged

It affects the wear and tear of wool and plate.

7 Mao Feng hook hair top crOoked

The tip of needle hair is twisted.

8 pull too big stretched

When the last one is stretched, the skin is stretched to make the plush empty.

9 bites damaged

Due to self bite, the skin plate is broken and damaged.

10 scratch rubbed

The mink is rubbed with the cage and the house, causing damage to the pile.

11 scar scar

Suffering from furuncle and herpes, sclerosis is hard and plush is poorly developed.

12 hole hole

Holes on the skin.

13 Bai Cuomao white spot hair

The hair is covered with small white needles and fluff.

14 shed hair

15 flow pin flying velvet hair slip

16 Jiao Banpi singe skin

17 gray velvet cotton

Standard mink skin is gray and gray.

18 entangled hair matted hair

The villi were entangled in bundles and felt.

19 color color type

According to the color of wool, it is classified into types. (homemade mink skin color type mainly includes: standard color, silver blue, beige, brown, sapphire, black cross, iron gray and white).

20 open crotch incorrect irregular crotching

Did not press the crotch line (see the supplement) to pick up the skin of the crotch.

21 bald crotch bald crotch

Wear of needle hair on crotch.

22 pericarp shopworn skin

Raw hide that has been stored for more than one year.

23 leather shape whole form unusual of skin

No standard lasts are used, and leather on upper leather is uniformly prescribed.

24 contaminated skin stained skin

All kinds of plush pollution caused by breeding, production and processing.

25 non seasonal dead skin the skin in unseason

Mink skins that are skinned and killed in abnormal seasons.

26 elimination of skin breeders in spring

Skin after slaughtering.

27 Plush empty thin hair

28 mixed colour

In addition to special types (such as CROSS MINK), there are two types of mixed skin.

technical requirement

1. Quality standard

1.1 the quality grade of mink skin is shown in Table 1.

Grade quality requirements

The first stage is seasonal leather with complete skin shape, plush flat, flexible, pure coloured trade, bright, back and belly basically the same, the proportion of needle length is moderate, the hair of the needle is covered with fluff, the quality of the board is good, and there is no disability.

Two grade positive season skin, complete skin shape, quality and quality of plush slightly inferior to first grade skin standard, or one grade skin quality, with one of the following disabilities and defects:

1. needle hair slightly hook up or stretch too big.

2. self bite, bruise, small scar, hole or white hair gathered in one area, not more than 2cm2

3. the skin has a break, and the total length is less than 2cm

Three grade positive season skin, skin shape is relatively complete, plush quality and plate quality slightly worse than grade two skin standard, or two grade skin quality, can bring one of the following disabilities and defects:

1., the hairs are heavy or badly stretched.

2. self bite, bruise, small scar, hole or white hair gathered in one area, not more than 3cm2

3. the skin has a break, and the total length is less than 3cm

The outer skin that does not conform to the quality requirements of grade one or two or grade three (such as stuffy hair removal and flow)

Remarks: color mink (CROSS MINK) is suitable for this quality requirement.

1.2 grading according to the value of use as follows:

Lack of material, ear breaking, broken nose, irregular skin shape, scratching oil, unclean skin, contaminated skin, and elimination of dead skin, tangled wool, plush, and preserved orange peel in spring.

For the color mink and mixed leather with no color characteristics, they should be mastered according to the secondary skin.

1.3 quality ratio difference

1.3.1 level difference: first, 100%, two, 80%, three, 60%, below 50% below the quality.

1.3.2 male to female ratio: male leather 100%, mother skin 70%.

1.3.3 size and difference, see Table 2.

Code length ratio difference (%)

Male skin

000>89150-

0083-89140-

077-83130150

171-77120140

265-71110130

359-65100120

453-5990110

5<53-100

1.3.4 coat color ratio difference

A. standard water mink skin color ratio is poor, brown 95%, black brown 100%, black 105%, lacquer black 110%.

B. color mink skin does not carry out hair color ratio temporarily.

Test method

1 equipment

1.1 laboratory: clean room free from direct natural light interference.

1.2 test stand: height 87cm, width 95cm (or according to the working conditions). The length is determined according to the need.

The table is painted with light colored paint.

1.3 tools: measuring leather, tape or wood ruler.

1.4 lights: 40W fluorescent lamp four, or 80W fluorescent tube two as a group, parallel to the table erection, lamp source and the test table distance 70cm.

2 operation method

2.1 sorting

2.1.1 standard color is separated from colored mink skin.

2.1.2 color mink skin color separation.

2.1.3 all kinds of mink skin are separated by sex.

2.1.4 standard water mink is separated according to the difference color and long hair.

On the basis of above color separation, 2.1.5 is separated by length (size).

2.2 quality inspection and grading

One touch, two jitter, three visual measurement, according to the quality of plush, skin plate color, the degree of disability comprehensive assessment.

2.2.1 pinches the head of mink skin with one hand, and the other hand runs through the neck to tail root, perceiving the density of fuzz, the elasticity of the needle and the quality of the plate.

2.2.2 pinches the roots of the mink skin in the hands, or presses them on the examination table. The right hand pinches the head and uses the wrist force to shake naturally, so as to restore the natural state of the plush, and observe the maturity of the plush (including the density of the pile, the proportion of the needle hair, the covering of the needle hair, the gloss, whether the plush is neat, flexible, etc.).

2.2.3 examined the edge of mouth, eyes and ears, the change of summer hair and the color of the skin of the head, and determined the season of peeling.

2.2.4 turn over the skin and visually measure the belly Plush development, compare the difference between the back and abdomen plush and the degree and location of the disability.

2.2.5 touch or wipe the local Plush with the fingers (if necessary, blow with the mouth), and determine the degree of disability for the unobvious wound hair, gray hair, slight entanglement, small holes, and small hair removal.

2.2.6 open the two hind legs outward, and expose the depth of pigmentation of the skin plate, the processing of the leather plate, whether mildew or insect erosion.

2.3 identification of male and female skin

Lift your nose in one hand, take the buttocks in the other, visually measure the skin shape and plush characteristics, and rub the genital marks between the lower abdomen to distinguish the male and female skin.

2.4 length measurement.

2.4.1 put the skin on the table and measure the length from the tip of the nose to the root of the tail to determine the size of the size.

2.4.2 after the crotch is opened, the mink skin is not straight, and the length is measured from the vertical distance from the tip of nose to the nearest point of the buttocks.

2.4.3 mink skin length is between two stalls (that is, the intersection of the upper and lower sizes).

Inspection rules

1 standard color mink fur color identification.

1.1 choose dark brown standard color sample.

1.2 by skin test, the skin flap method of 2.2.2 was used to shake down the plush, and four types of brown, black brown, black and dark were compared with the color samples.

2 the following situations are not based on shortcomings

2.1 the tail is not more than 50% of the whole tail.

2.2 there is a vertical white line in the middle of the abdomen, with a width not exceeding 0.5cm.

2.3 male leather bare crotch, the area is not more than 5cm2.

2.4 there are a few scattered white needles in the skin.

2.5 the tail and claws are slightly gray.

2.6 the area of the mandibular leukoplakia is not more than 5cm.

2.7 ears, eyes and nose are slightly covered with summer hairs.

2.8 preserve well preserved tangerine peel.

3 acquisition and handover inspection requirements

3.1 social sporadic acquisition and bulk handover must be examined by the authors.

3.2 the grade of batch pfer is 5%.

3.3 grade quality disputes occur in the handover, which can be reexamined.

If the dispute is still controversial after the reexamination, the two parties should resolve it through consultation.

Warehousing, storage and pportation

1 storage of special purpose storehouse

1.1 storage conditions: using constant temperature and constant humidity special storehouse, control temperature 5 ~ 10~C, relative humidity <65%.

1.2 custodial requirements

1.2.1 uses a thin rope to tie 20 pieces of leather through a mink eyelid, and hangs the skin on the bracket, leaving gaps between the skins, or bundles the mink skins into the cartons, leaving gaps between the boxes and boxes to facilitate ventilation.

1.2.2 storeroom should be kept clean and tidy with insect prevention and rodent control measures.

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2 packaging and pportation

2.1 packaging

2.1.1 carton is used for outer packing, lined with moistureproof paper and wrapping paper. The gap of the box cover is sealed with tape, and the box has more than two waist hoops.

2.1.2 specifications for cartons of No. 000 and No. 00 leather: 108CM * 40cm * 36cm.

2.1.3 specifications for carton size 0 to 2: 90CM * 40cm * 36cm.

2.1.4 the size of the carton below 3 is 70cm: 40cm * 36cm.

2.1.5 before filling the box, fill out three copies of the packing list, one in the box, the other in the box, and third copies for reference.

The packing list includes box number, variety, sex, grade, length, color and number of sheets.

2.2 pport requirements

Transportation should be clean and dry, and rain, humidity, heat and fire should be avoided during pportation.

supplement

Technical requirements for peeling and processing mink skins

1 non pain slaughtering

1.1 drug method: injecting 2% choline succinate choline solution into mink, dosage L ~ 2ml/ head.

1.2 electric shock: with 220V voltage, insert one into the mink's anus and let the mink bite.

1.3 air injection method: injecting air into mink heart 5 to lOml.

2 peeling

2.1 cut the front palm: cut off two front knuckles from the wrist joint.

2.2 after picking the crotch, see L: use the tool knife to palm the palm from one palm to the palm of the palm.

From the posterior anal side along the tail line centerline, pick up the skin to tail l/2, choose the two sides of the anus to remove the small triangular skin around the anus.

2.3 peel: first peel off the buttocks, hind legs, tail skin, pull out the coccyx, peel the skin into a tube by the back cover method, and keep the lips, ears, nose, eyes, beard and claws complete.

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3 scraping oil

Scrape the fat and residual meat on the skin plate with tools or machinery, and press hard to avoid damaging the skin plate.

4 pruning

From the beginning to the end, fat and residual meat on the skin board should be cut off.

5 wash the skin.

Wash the skin with sawdust.

Use hand or rotary drum to rub the grease on the skin plate first, then replace the new sawdust, then rub the plush until the hair is clean and glossy.

6 last last

6.1 last board

6.1.1 last material: it should be made of Korean pine, white pine or paulownia wood.

6.1.2 last board specification: see Table 1.

width

Male last board

23.02.7

54.54.1

105.44.7

206.45.2

508.76.9

9011.58.5

9511.58.5

11011.5-

6.1.3 slotting of the last board: see Table 2.

(CM) grooving slot requirements

Male last board

Full length 110

The thickness of the plate is 1.1 positive and negative, and the tip is between lOcm, with shallow grooves in the middle part, 2 cm wide, and deep 0.2cm, and are connected with shallow grooves on both sides of the central trough.

Face, 11cm away from the tip, opening in the middle of the trough, 70cm long, 0.6cm wide.

The two side, from the tip 13cm, opens the slot, the length is 15cm, and the width is 0.2.

Positive and negative, starting from the tip 11cm, each shallow slot on each side of the center slot is 80cm, and the width is 2cm

Shallow groove along the periphery of the last plate (no end), width 0.3cm, deep 0.3cm

Mother shoe plate

Full length 95

The thickness of the plate is 1 positive and negative, and the tip is between 10cm, with shallow grooves in the middle part, wide 1.5cm, and deep 0.2cm.

Face, 11cm away from the tip, opening in the middle of the trough, 55cm long, 0.6cm wide.

The two sides are opened from the tip LLCM, and the groove is 15cm long and 0.2cm wide.

Positive and negative, starting from the tip 11cm, each shallow slot on each side of the center slot is 70cm, and the width is 1.5cm

Shallow groove along the periphery of the last plate (no end), width 0.3 cm, deep O-3

Note: do not press the last piece on the unified last board, grading as appropriate.

6.1.4 new last board treatment: Boil 30min off tanning with soda water, rinse clean with clean water, and use after drying.

6.2 last request

6.2.1 wrap the paper on the last board, then coat the coat on the last board.

6.2.2 aligns all parts of the skin and tightens them with the last board.

6.2.3 turn the two front leg skin and leg leg into the inner side of the chest.

The 6.2.4 is fixed with the appropriate pin or staple (below) with the tail root and the bilateral buttock subcutaneous edge to make a straight line.

6.2.5 the lateral widening of the tail skin causes a long triangle (full tail) to be laid on the last board and fixed.

6.2.6 widen two hind leg skin, directly and evenly spread on the last board, make abdomen and buttocks edge neat and fixed.

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7 drying

7.1 equipment

7.1.1 drying room: airtight and clean room with inlet and exhaust channels installed.

7.1.2 air dryer: Wooden rectangular exhaust box combined with blower.

A number of exhaust pipes are installed on the front side of the exhaust box. The length of the exhaust pipe is 8 to 10cm, and the inner diameter is O.7 to 0.9CM (the wall thickness is 1mm).

The exhaust volume of each pipe is 0.022 ~ 0.028m/min.

The horizontal distance between pipes is 13cm, and the vertical distance is 6cm.

7.2 indoor environmental conditions

The temperature is l 5~22 and the relative humidity is 55% to 65%.

7.3 drying method

Insert the last skin pin into the exhaust pipe, and the last skin is arranged in parallel and not touching each other.

Comb down the plush of the last coat to make it stand upright.

The leather is blown to 24 to 30h for the last time, replacing the last board and wrapping the paper to the last one.

No replacement of the last plate is allowed.

7.4 drying time

The male skin is 48 to 60H, and the 36~48h is eight or nine.

8 lower last

When the skin reaches eight or nine dry, remove the fixtures first, then peel the skin out of the last plate, then press the wire through the eyelet and hang it in the ventilating place to dry.

9 ash finishing

9.1 ash removal

Rub the skin with damp softening, lightly rub the sawdust, gently slap the rattan or fine bamboo strips along the skin, or remove the sawdust and dust left in the pile with a spin cage.

9.2 finishing

Check by checking.

Clean up oil, sawdust and dusty skin.

The entangled hair must be opened and combed.

Wipe the plush with a soft towel.