Analysis Of Eight Groups Of Confusing Administrative Documents

Correct selection Administrative documents The type of writing is the premise of writing administrative documents correctly. The current administrative regulations for the handling of official documents of the State Administration stipulate that there are 13 kinds of administrative documents: order, order, notice, notice, notice, motion, report, request, reply, opinion, letter, meeting minutes, etc. The applicable scope of most of the 13 official documents is determined, the objects of the documents are clear and the contents of the lines are clear, but there are also some kinds of languages which are similar in application scope, similar in writing and similar in writing, and lead to the complexity of the selected texts, resulting in the confusion and even error in the selection of texts. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly distinguish the differences between the purpose of the writing, the relationship between the lines, the scope of the lines and the contents of the lines, so as to accurately grasp these more complicated languages. The following is the article. Eight group stay It is easy to confuse in practical work. Administrative documents Languages Do one thing at the same points, points of difference, and points of attention. Differentiation and analysis 。

I. notices, notices and notices

A notice is an administrative document applicable to announcing important or statutory matters at home and abroad. An announcement is an administrative document applicable to announcements that should be observed or known in the society. The notice is "the official document that is applicable to the approval of subordinate organs, the forwarding of documents issued by higher authorities and non subordinate organs, and conveying the administrative documents requiring the lower level organs to handle the matters known or implemented by the relevant units, and appointing and removing personnel". The announcement can be divided into important announcement and statutory notice according to its functions. According to its role, notices can be divided into restrictive notices and informed notices. According to their functions, notices can be divided into publishing notices, forwarding notices, indicative notices, informed notices and appointment and dismissal notices. It can be seen that notices, notices and informed notices have the function of "inform matters".

Although notices, notices and notices have the same points, they are not allowed to replace notices or notices instead of announcements and notices. There are four main differences: (1) the scope of notification is different. The notice is open to the public at home and abroad, and the notice is open to the public within a certain area of the jurisdiction, and the notification is for the internal inform the subordinate unit to handle a certain matter. 2. The issuing organs are different. Generally speaking, the notice is limited to the highest power organ, the highest administrative organ and its work department, the provincial leading organ, and some statutory organs such as the people's court, the people's Procuratorate and the authorized departments such as customs, Xinhua news agency, people's Bank, etc., generally, the local administrative organs and enterprises and institutions do not use the notice, while the notices and notices are all feasible and unlimited. 3. The content is different in nature. The content of the announcement is an important matter or a statutory matter. It focuses on the nature of the notice; the content of the notice is highly professional, or the administrative measures are announced, or the specific affairs are informed, and both have the function of knowing and binding; the notification is mainly to inform the well-known affairs, such as meeting, holiday arrangement, institution establishment or adjustment, seal opening or replacement, etc. 4. Different ways of publication. Bulletins are usually issued through the media. Notices can be posted in related areas besides news media, and notices must be issued in the form of routine administrative documents.

Having understood the differences between notices, notices, and notices, it is possible to avoid the phenomenon of mixed use of public announcements and internal announcements. It is possible to avoid the use of public notices in "telling the public", which can avoid notices that are observed in a certain range.

Two. Orders, decisions and notifications

The order is "applicable to the promulgation of administrative regulations and regulations in accordance with relevant laws; the promulgation of major compulsory administrative measures; commending the relevant units and personnel" administrative documents. The decision is "an administrative document applicable to arrangements for important matters or major actions, rewards and punishments for relevant units and personnel, alteration or cancellation of inappropriate decisions of subordinate organs". The bulletin is an administrative document applicable to recognition of advanced, criticizing errors, conveying important spirits or situations. Thus, the commendation order in the order, the award notice in the decision and the commendation notice in the notification have the function of "commending the advanced".

Although awards, awards and commendations are commendable, they can not be used to identify any type of commendation, because there are strict differences between the three: (1) the issuing organs are different. The award order can only be used by the organs that have the power to issue the order (generally the Central Military Commission, the State Council and ministerial level organs). Other organs that have no right to use the order can only choose to make decisions and notifications. 2. The purpose of writing is different. The award and award decision focuses on the conclusion of the lower organization, that is, the affirmation and praise of the deeds of the unit or individual, and the organizational decision; the commendation bulletin focuses on setting up models, publicizing good and good deeds, and educating the masses and promoting the work. Third, the reward levels are different. Reward units or individuals with outstanding achievements and outstanding contributions, such as granting honorary titles to the national level, give orders, reward them with outstanding achievements and outstanding contributions, such as awarding honorary titles, make decisions, and give commendation to those who are advanced in deeds, but are not worthy of commendation and commendation. 4. The content of award is different. The use of decision recognition is generally equal to both spiritual reward and material reward. The recognition of orders and bulletin is mainly based on spiritual reward and generally no material reward.

Administrative organs at all levels shall, in accordance with the provisions and powers of the law, choose the corresponding type of language according to the actual conditions of the nature, level and function of the award. For example, the order of the State Council and the Central Military Commission on awarding the honorary title of "Lei Feng fire fighters" by Comrade Jin Chunming (letter 2006 [31]) and the decision of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government on the recognition of the outstanding contributors and advanced workers of Zhejiang agricultural science and Technology (zhe Zheng Fa [2006] 36), and the Wenzhou Municipal People's Government Office's "bulletin on the advanced individuals of the advanced units of the excellent tourist cities in Wenzhou" (Wen Government Office [2003] 129), which is very suitable for the commendation of the three documents. {page_break}

Three. Orders and notices

The order is "applicable to the promulgation of administrative regulations and regulations in accordance with relevant laws; the promulgation of major compulsory administrative measures; commending the relevant units and personnel" administrative documents. The notice is "the official document that is applicable to the lower level organs, the official document transmitting the higher authorities and the non subordinate organs, and conveying the administrative documents requiring the lower level organs to handle and require the units concerned to know or carry out matters, appointments and dismissal personnel". Orders can be divided into publication orders, administrative orders, award orders and appointment and removal orders according to their functions. The notice can be divided into publishing notices, forwarding notices, indicative notices, informed notices and appointment and dismissal notices according to their functions. Thus, commands and notifications have the functions of issuing rules and appointments and removal.

Although orders and notices have the functions of issuing regulations and personnel appointments and dismissal, there are obvious differences between them. The order "applies to the promulgation of administrative laws and regulations in accordance with relevant laws", that is, only the chairman of the National People's Congress, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the chairman of the National People's Congress, the ministers of the State Council, ministries and departments, and local governments at or above the county level can promulgate regulations within the statutory limits of authority. The difference between personnel appointment and removal. Only the list of appointments of the State Council approved by the National People's Congress can be issued in the form of an order. The provincial and below governments, departments, people's organizations at various levels, and personnel appointments and dismissals of enterprises and institutions can not use orders and use notices.

In practical work, regulations and personnel appointments should be issued strictly and regularly. For example, Premier Wen Jiabao issued the No. 536th order of the people's Republic of China on the regulation of foreign contracted projects in July 21, 2008; Minister Xie Xuren of the Ministry of Finance issued the "Ministry of finance order of the People's Republic of China" No. forty-seventh on the Interim Measures for the supervision and administration of state-owned assets appraisal of financial enterprises in October 12, 2007; and again, as chairman Hu Jintao issued in March 16, 2008, "the decision to appoint Wen Jiabao as the premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China" was appointed by Wen Jiabao in accordance with the decision of the eleventh session of the Eleventh National People's Congress. These regulations and personnel appointments are very correct and very standardized.

Four. Decisions, notices and opinions

The decision is "an administrative document applicable to arrangements for important matters or major actions, rewards and punishments for relevant units and personnel, alteration or cancellation of inappropriate decisions of subordinate organs". The notice is "the official document that is applicable to the lower level organs, the official document transmitting the higher authorities and the non subordinate organs, and conveying the administrative documents requiring the lower level organs to handle and require the units concerned to know or carry out matters, appointments and dismissal personnel". The opinion is "administrative document applicable to putting forward ideas and solutions to important issues". Decisions can be divided into policy decisions, deployment decisions, rewards and punishments decisions and change of revocation decisions according to their roles. The notice can be divided into publishing notices, forwarding notices, indicative notices, informed notices and appointment and dismissal notices according to their functions. Opinions can be divided into downwards guiding opinions, uplink suggestions and parallel consultative opinions according to their roles. It can be seen that decisions, notices, and guiding opinions are all written down, with the function of "arranging work for subordinates".

Although decisions, notices and guiding opinions have the function of arranging work to the lower level, the difference between the three is obvious: (1) the purpose of writing is different. Decisions generally focus on macro command; the notice generally focuses on micro instructions; opinions generally focus on microscopic guidance, that is, replacing the role of past instructions. 2. Different contents. Deciding on arrangements commonly used in important matters and major actions, with strong decision-making and programmatic nature, and comparing the principles and methods put forward; the wide use of notices is often used in the deployment work, requiring clear and specific ones; most of the opinions used for the issue are for new situations and new questions to put forward ideas and solutions, or for guiding principles, or for making specific and specific requirements. 3. The degree of implementation is different. The decision is the strongest, followed by the notification. Opinions are two kinds of effectiveness of directives and guidance in the downlink text: if the requirements for implementation are clearly specified in the text, the lower level organs should comply with them.

In practical work, these three types of documents are used more frequently, such as "the decision of the State Council on strengthening the administration of city and county administration according to law" (No. 17 of national development [2008]), and the State Council's Circular on the exemption from students' tuition and fees in the compulsory education stage of the city (No. 25 of national development [2008]) and the State Council's opinions on promoting the development of resource-based cities (Guo Fa [2007] No. 38). In order to accurately grasp these languages, the premise must accurately grasp the purpose and content of the lines.

Five, letter and opinion

The letter is "an administrative document applicable to work between non subordinate organs, asking and answering questions, requesting approval and responding to approval matters". The opinion is "administrative document applicable to putting forward ideas and solutions to important issues". According to its functions, letters can be divided into letters of correspondence, questions and answers, and approval letters. Opinions can be divided into downwards guiding opinions, upward constructive suggestions and parallel consultative opinions. It can be seen that most of the negotiated letters and negotiated opinions belong to parallel texts, and they all have the function of "consultation between the level and the subordinate organs".

Although there are similarities between consultative letters and negotiated opinions, there are still differences between them. Correspondence is often referred to as general matters, such as negotiation of personnel transfers, contact visits and studies, invitation lectures or business guidance, etc. the consultation between opinions is often important matters, such as the amendment of the office of the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2. Different requirements for reply. There are replies to general requirements, and opinions generally do not reply, because consultative advice is only for the other party's reference, that is to say, the other party can accept or reject it.

From a practical point of view, the purpose of negotiation and negotiation is close to that of negotiation. Therefore, generally speaking, there are more negotiated letters and fewer negotiative opinions. {page_break}

Six. Report, request and advice

The report is an administrative document applicable to reporting to higher authorities, reflecting the situation and answering questions from higher authorities. The request is "an administrative document applicable to requesting instructions and approval to the higher authorities". The opinion is "administrative document applicable to putting forward ideas and solutions to important issues". According to the nature of its contents, the report can be divided into work reports, situation reports, replies reports and submitted reports. According to their functions, the request can be divided into request for written instructions and request for approval. Opinions can be divided into downwards guiding opinions, uplink suggestions and parallel consultative opinions according to their functions. It can be seen that reports, requests and suggestions are all written in ascending language. They all have the function of "reflecting their work to their superiors".

Although reports, requests and suggestions have the function of reflecting the situation to superiors, there are three differences between the three points: 1. The report focuses on reporting and reflecting the situation; the request is focused on instructions and approval from superiors; as an uplink text, opinions are focused on solving important problems and requiring higher authorities to transfer them. Second, the time is different. The report is not limited by time. It is practicable before, after and after the fact. The invitation must be written in advance; opinions are generally written in advance. 3. The characteristics of the languages are different. The report is unidirectional and does not require the reply of the superior palindrome; the request is bidirectional; the superior must reply to the palindrome; and the upward opinion is bidirectional. The authorized secretarial Department of the superior or superior authority usually uses the notice to forward or forward.

In practice, the mixing of reports and instructions is still serious. Some obviously require higher authorities to "reply", apply the requesting instructions, but use the report to write articles; some only report the work, and the measures taken by the unit have the right to decide, but the procedure should be known to the higher authorities, rather than requiring the higher authorities to "examine and approve", but use the request letter, or at the end of the paper, use "no, please reply", "whether the above report is correct or not, please approve" and so on. In addition, some comrades still do not know the scope of application of the report has deleted the function of "putting forward opinions and suggestions". Therefore, the upward suggestion has replaced the reporting request and the request for approval. For these confusing problems, we must clarify them before we can correctly use official documents.

Seven, letter and request

The letter is "an administrative document applicable to work between non subordinate organs, asking and answering questions, requesting approval and responding to approval matters". The request is "an administrative document applicable to requesting instructions and approval to the higher authorities". According to its functions, letters can be divided into letters of correspondence, questions and answers, and approval letters for approval. According to their functions, instructions can be divided into request for written instructions and request for approval. It can be seen that both the letter and the request have the function of "request for approval".

Although the request for approval and approval is approved by the other party, the difference between them is strict: (1) the object of the article is different. The application letter shall be applied to the non subordinate organs for examination and approval; any application to the higher authorities with subordinate affiliation shall apply for approval. Secondly, the tone of the passage is different. A letter of invitation for approval should be submitted to the competent authorities without affiliation, courteous, tactful, courteous, and courteous. Many requests for sexual terms should be used. Requests for approval from subordinating superiors should be reflected in respect for superiors, words, and words. The terminology is different. For the purpose of asking for a letter, please write to me, "please reply to this letter".

At present, it is common to ask for permission to apply for instructions to non subordinate organs. There are two reasons for this: first, the letter office considers that asking for help is not enough to show respect, afraid to influence the solution of the problem, or because it has touched the nail with the letter, so it has changed its request for good work. The two is that the letter receiving authorities believe that using parallel letters to request approval is a slight look at themselves, so shelving the delay and deliberately making difficulties. In short, the key lies in the lack of understanding of the nature and function of the letter. The handling opinions of the general office of the State Council on the implementation of several specific issues concerning the handling of official documents by the State Administration and administrative organs (State Office Letter No. 2001] No. 1) emphasize that "letter is one of the main languages and has the same legal effect as the other main languages." In order to promote the standardization of official documents, the phenomenon of mixing letters and requests must be paid attention to and corrected. In particular, it is important to emphasize that the functional departments with certain approval authority should clearly clarify the validity of the letter, and earnestly start from themselves. They should not require parallel organs and non subordinate organs to request permission to write requests, nor do they apply "approval" to reply to the examination and approval matters. {page_break}

Eight. Reply, reply, notice and report.

The reply is an administrative document which is applicable to the requesting instructions of the lower level organs. The letter is "an administrative document applicable to work between non subordinate organs, asking and answering questions, requesting approval and responding to approval matters". The letter can be divided into letters and replies. The notice is "the official document that applies to the organs at the lower level, the official document transmitting the higher authorities and the non subordinate organs, and conveying the administrative documents requiring the lower level organs to handle and require the units concerned to know or carry out matters, appointments and dismissal personnel". The report is an administrative document applicable to reporting to higher authorities, reflecting the situation and answering questions from higher authorities. It can be seen that approval, reply, notice and report have the function of "reply matter".

Approvals, replies, notices and reports are all functions of reply, but the difference between the three is very obvious: the reply is only the reply to the request; the reply is mainly the reply to the letter, and also the reply of the secretarial department to the request by the superior authority; the reply of the notice mainly reflects two points: first, the reply to the uplink text is given by the notice of "forwarding" or "forwarding"; two, the secretarial Department has replied to the request by the superior authority; the report is the reply to the higher authorities.

This is especially pointed out that we must make clear the three cases of the reply to the request: first, it is clear to the higher authorities that the reply to the lower level is approved by the reply. The two is to answer the request by letter, which mainly refers to the authorized secretarial Department of the higher authorities authorized by the request, and in reply to the authorities requesting instructions. If the State Council authorizes the general office of the State Council to reply to the request from some provinces and municipalities or ministries and commissions, the provincial government authorizes the general office of the provincial government to reply to the instructions of some municipal or municipal offices. For example, the general office of the State Council has issued a reply to the Sichuan Provincial People's government about the naming of the Chengdu shadow puppet Museum (National Office Letter No. 2006] No. 79, and the reply of the general office of the Zhejiang Provincial People's government to the Foreign Affairs Office of the people's Government of China on the holding of the photo exhibition of China Zhejiang photography and the exhibition of Zhejiang fishermen's painting exhibition in the United States (26, 2001). The three is to use the notice to answer the request. This also refers to the authorized secretarial Department of the higher authorities receiving the request to reply to the organ requesting instructions. For example, the notice of the general office of the State Council on Approving the master plan of Huaibei Municipality (No. 90 of the State Office [2006]) is of this type. The author specially inspected the letters from the general office of the State Council from August 26, 2005 to February 15, 2008 on all the authorized replies received from the Central People's government's website, totaling 38 copies, of which 24 replies were answered by "reply", and 14 were answered by "notice". Of the 14 replies received, 3 were used to reply to the adjustment of the National Nature Reserve, 5 were used to reply to the approved master plan of the city, and 6 were used to reply to the composition of the monetary policy committee of the people's Bank of China. 63% of the requesting instructions were answered by "reply", and 37% were answered by "notice". In addition, there are three points to note: (1) to reply to an instruction with "reply letter" or "notice", it can only be matched with the letter in the letter format. There is a "letter" in the official copy of the article number. Second, because the issuing organ is not affiliated with the receiving organ, the authorized reply can be regarded as "approval letter" or "matters needing notice known or implemented by the unit".

In short, it is not easy to accurately grasp some of the more complicated official documents, but it is still possible to make a thorough analysis. In order to reduce the occurrence of mixed use and misuse of official documents, it is necessary to make clear the purpose of the article, clarify the relationship between the lines, clarify the scope of the articles and clarify the contents of the documents before making the official documents, so that they can be correct and standardized in the selection of official documents, so as to write high-quality documents and improve the efficiency of doing the work.