Three New Features Marked The End Of The Cheap Era Of Migrant Workers.

As we all know, before and after the Spring Festival every year, especially after the fifteen month of the first lunar month, it is often the rush hour for the recruitment of workers and migrant workers to return to the city.

"Labor shortage" actually means that in the labor market, the quantity of the supply of migrant workers is seriously out of line with the demand, and the quality of migrant workers can not meet the demand, so that the recruitment of workers can not meet the special needs of production and operation needs. After the financial crisis, the trend of employment of migrant workers has changed significantly.

In essence, the phenomenon of "labor shortage" is an important signal for the imbalance between labor supply and demand. It is particularly noteworthy that the intensifying "labor shortage" seems to come earlier this year, more fiercely and more complicated than before, and its form of expression also presents new characteristics.

" Labor shortage Three new features

First, the scope is wide. The scope of the spread of "labor shortage" has further expanded. From the economically developed Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and other places, the "labor shortage" has gradually spread to the central and western regions. It is not only difficult for the coastal developed areas to recruit workers, but also the central and western provinces such as Anhui and Sichuan, which have exported large quantities of labour over the years, have joined the ranks of "labor shortage". With the expansion of the geographical scope of the "labor shortage", some migrant workers export big provinces to find ways to keep migrant workers in the local employment and entrepreneurship. Some local governments and enterprises have jointly issued some preferential measures to "intercept" migrant workers, and the number of migrant workers willing to go out to work has declined compared with previous years. By the end of 2010, about about 12000000 migrant workers in Anhui had gone out to work, and about 4000000 of them had achieved employment in the province. According to investigation and statistics by relevant departments, there are more than 2300 enterprises that lack more than 50 workers in the province, and the total number of workers is 250 thousand, of which 209 are more than 300 workers.

The two is the battle. In order to compete for cheap labor, Shanghai's enterprises arranged nearly 400 long-distance buses to go to Anhui, Henan, Hubei and other places, and then exported to the Shanghai to work in Shanghai. The authorities in Anhui and other places tried to retain local migrant workers, persuaded them to stay in their hometown and worked nearby, and fought for war between the East and the Midwest cities. For example, Anhui has issued opinions on further promoting migrant workers' "on the spot" employment, and requires all localities to formulate plans and plans for the development of migrant workers' "on the spot" employment. While expanding the "docking" of the provincial labor service, Anhui also organized the activities of "docking between the North Anhui migrant workers and the Wanjiang demonstration zone". The first 18 counties (cities and districts) of Wanjiang demonstration area signed a labor cooperation agreement with 18 counties (districts) of Northern Anhui Province, which effectively promoted the flow of rural labor force and labor cooperation. Recently, the "docking month of the employment of migrant workers and Wanjiang demonstration zone in Northern Anhui" has been launched again, which helps alleviate the problem of "recruitment difficulty" in Wanjiang demonstration area. After the Spring Festival this year, in order to meet the needs of enterprises in Anhui Province, Anhui started the spring breeze action, sent the post to the countryside, sent to the peasant workers' home, and tried hard to retain the migrant workers. In the face of multi-level, multi form labor service docking activities, whether to go out to work or stay at local jobs, some migrant workers are hesitant, wandering away from home and working nearby, which also postpones the pace of migrant workers going out to work after the holidays.

The three is to return to the central and western regions. For a long time, the central and western regions of China were the output areas of migrant workers, but in recent years Migrant workers The employment situation has changed, especially in the past year, with obvious signs of migrant workers returning, especially after the Spring Festival this year. This seems to indicate that the attractiveness of the central and western regions to migrant workers this year will be greatly enhanced. With the spanfer of labor force, industrial spanfer is the main reason for the return of labor force. This year, the phenomenon of competition for migrant workers between the East and the central and western regions reflects the acceleration of the shift of labor-intensive industries to the central and western regions. With the large number of industrial projects spanferred by the central and western regions, the employment demand of enterprises has increased significantly, which will inevitably lead to the shift of labor force from the coast to the central and western regions. At present, the number of entrepreneurs returning from home and Midwest in Anhui is increasing. Last year, Anhui built 253 migrant workers back home entrepreneurship Park, 22 thousand migrant workers returned home to start a business, set up 11 thousand kinds of economic entities or enterprises, driving nearly 172 thousand surplus labor in situ to realize the spanfer of employment. After the Spring Festival this year, faced with more and more "returning" migrant workers returning home for employment, Anhui has implemented supportive policies in a timely manner, refining various service measures in time, giving out generous welfare cards, so that migrant workers can enjoy their jobs and start businesses at home.

The cheap era of migrant workers is ending.

This year's "labor shortage" is more serious than the past three new characteristics, indicating that the era of cheap Chinese migrant workers is ending. In particular, the desire of the new generation of migrant workers to integrate into the city is strong. They hope that they can enjoy the same treatment with the townspeople in terms of civil rights, job hunting, employment, wages, children's education, life style and social security. Therefore, in fact, the current labor force in China is no longer an unlimited supply state. "Labor shortage" is an objective phenomenon in the process of industrialization and urbanization in China. In this regard, we should neither overemphasize nor overlook its development trend. We must objectively face and grasp the new characteristics of "labor shortage" and thoroughly explore the underlying reasons behind it.

Generally speaking, China's rural labor force is still in a state of excess supply, and there is no overall shortage of labor supply. Why does labor shortage appear frequently in the context of China's labor supply exceeding demand?

The author thinks that the spanfer of rural labor force is in the spanition of economic system and society. Transformation Under the background of globalization, it has its own special historical and institutional background. The phenomenon of "labor shortage" has historical and realistic reasons. It is closely related to the spanfer of rural surplus labor force and the trend of population structure in the process of modernization. After the mid 1980s, every year before and after the Spring Festival, migrant workers returning home and returning to the city moved across the region on a large scale, forming a "Peasant Worker Tide" for more than 20 years in the developed coastal areas of Southeast China. However, since the spring of 2004, there has been a phenomenon of "labor shortage" characterized by shortage of migrant workers in coastal developed areas such as Fujian, Guangdong and Zhejiang. Since the outbreak of the global financial crisis, China's exports have shrunk sharply, and the number of migrant workers has been cut down. Entering the 2010, the world economy has gradually stepped out of its low cycle. With the gradual recovery of China's economy, the number of orders for Chinese enterprises has begun to increase, which makes the demand for migrant workers rise sharply, and the phenomenon of labor shortage exceeds the demand again.

Countermeasures and suggestions for solving "labor shortage"

Of course, solving the "labor shortage" is the result of a combination of various factors. The author thinks:

First, we should effectively raise wages and welfare benefits and protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. The "labor shortage" frequently occurs in essence is low wages. The relevant labor departments should also strictly control the minimum wage and social security payment of enterprises. Enterprises should treat their employees well and ensure the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers are protected. Only by raising the wages and benefits of migrant workers, improving the production and living environment, ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, and realizing the "decent work" of migrant workers can we solve the problem of "labor shortage".

Second, we should strengthen rural basic education and skills training for migrant workers, and constantly improve the cultural and technical quality of labourers. "Labor shortage" is essentially a "shortage of skilled workers". The government, training institutions and enterprises should take positive measures to organize and guide migrant workers to participate in vocational skills training through the establishment of a social re education mechanism, so as to achieve the integration of training and employment, and continuously improve the ideological and moral quality of migrant workers and the level of vocational skills.

Third, deepen the reform of household registration system and promote the citizenization of migrant workers. To solve the problem of "labor shortage", we must break the two element structure of urban and rural areas, speed up the process of urbanization, speed up the spanformation of farmers' citizenization through the reform of household registration system, and promote the spanformation of migrant workers into real industrial workers. To realize the citizenization of migrant workers is not only required to ensure that they can enjoy the same welfare benefits as the urban residents, but also requires migrant workers to enjoy the political rights such as the right to vote and the right to be elected in the cities.