Dongguan'S Economic And Social Spanformation: Exploring New Ways Of Development

After 30 years of rapid economic development, China's economic development mode is " Transformation " When we cast our eyes on this comprehensive reform experimentation area in Guangdong, we focused on Dongguan.

Songshan Lake high tech park attracts many people due to its beautiful environment. High-end enterprises And excellent talents.

"Made in Dongguan" was once the leader of "made in China". In the late 90s of last century, Dongguan's foreign trade ranked only third after Shenzhen and Shanghai. This is a brilliant achievement for a prefecture level city. However, the unexpected international financial crisis has made a vivid lesson to the "made in Dongguan": on the one hand, we should wake up Dongguan - the traditional mode of development is difficult to sustain, and some deep-rooted contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent. On the other hand, we urge Dongguan to accelerate the spanformation of the mode of economic development with the ambition of facing difficulties and plan a magnificent turn in the trend of "made in China" to "create in China", and then provide a reference for many Chinese prefecture level cities. change Road.

Dongguan thoroughly implemented the Scientific Outlook on Development and made solid progress in economic spanformation, and explored a new way of scientific development.

The upgrading of "made in Dongguan" promotes the development of enterprises. The picture shows the corner of photoelectric digital production workshop.

Meeting challenges: structural adjustment is better than speed growth.

In 2010, Dongguan's import and export volume totaled 121 billion 300 million US dollars, an increase of 28.8%, of which 69 billion 600 million US dollars in exports, an increase of 26.1%, and the growth rate exceeded the level of the whole province, accounting for 15.46% of Guangdong's total. It not only recovered to the level before the international financial crisis, but also reached a record high. "Very great, very difficult," Liang Yaowen, director of the Guangdong provincial foreign trade and Economic Cooperation Department, sighed heartily.

Dongguan is north to Guangzhou and south to Shenzhen. With the reform and opening up and Guangdong's first step in the "sky time", with the proximity of Hong Kong and Macao, the first foreign processing enterprise in Dongguan was born, and the development model of "three to one supplement" was created. It is this mode innovation that makes the "export-oriented" development mode of "two out of all, big and big out" once become the basic mode of China's coastal economic development. Therefore, Dongguan has also taken the lead in catching the opportunity of international industrial spanfer. From an obscure agricultural small county, it has jumped into a new rising city and internationally famous manufacturing processing base, and almost all the primary consumer goods needed by the world can be found here. Statistics show that 1/5 of the country's garments are made in Dongguan, and 1 pairs of sneakers in the world come from Dongguan. Over 30% of the toys are produced in Dongguan, and 1 of every 5 computers come from Dongguan.

However, since the beginning of the new century, Dongguan, which is mainly driven by "exports", is beginning to be constrained by inertia and path dependence. While creating the miracle of "Dongguan development mode", it also concealed risks and tests combined with resource constraints, environmental pressures and labor stress.

Liu Zhigeng, Secretary of the Dongguan municipal Party committee, summed up the development situation that Dongguan faced at that time as "double marginalized dilemma", that is, the imported industries were dominated by low technology content and low added value processing links, and were located at the edge of the global production network; the growth space of local industry was squeezed, and the independent technology and private brand were lagging behind, which was also at the edge of the domestic production system.

At the same time, due to the development of industry and the promotion of urbanization, the life, research and management environment that industry relies on is incongrunable. The improvement of urban functions can not keep pace with the pace of industrialization. The proportion of migrant workers and household population 4:1 in urban population has also led to severe challenges in public security and related management.

Dongguan has encountered contradictions between economic and social development. {page_break}

The twelfth Dongguan Party Congress, held in January 2007, "to promote economic and social spanformation and build a prosperous and harmonious new Dongguan" is identified as the core strategy for the future development of the city, that is, to spanform the resource led economy to an innovation led economy, to spanform the primary urbanization society into a high level urbanization society, and to turn Dongguan into a modern manufacturing city, an innovative and entrepreneurial hot spot, a livable eco city and a harmonious and happy homeland. Therefore, Dongguan started the history of "spanformation" as the strategy of urban development, and launched a scientific development era seeking genuine "rebirth", and began to seek for a balance and future space between policy regulation and market forces.

What is unexpected is that in the process of promoting "double spanformation", the international financial crisis struck in 2008, and the disadvantages and risks of Dongguan's high dependence on foreign economy were revealed. Dongguan village economy and export enterprises were the first to bear the brunt. In the first quarter of 2009, Dongguan GDP, which has maintained two digit growth over the past 30 years, has seen an unprecedented negative growth of 2.3% and exports of foreign trade by 25.9%.

At the critical moment, Liu Zhigeng, Secretary of the Dongguan municipal Party committee, put forward the idea of "four bears": endure the temporary labor pains, endure the slowdown of the temporary speed, endure the temporary income reduction, resist the criticism of the society, establish the development idea that the structural adjustment is better than the speed increase, turn "danger" into "machine", and strive to break through the "double spanformation" of the economic society. At the end of 2009, the Dongguan economy finally broke through tight encirclement and achieved a steady recovery. GDP grew by 5.3% over the same period last year. In 2010, Dongguan's economy was fully recovered, and a number of economic indicators reached a record high. GDP exceeded 400 billion yuan, and the growth rate returned to two digits. At the same time, the three production structure, investment structure, enterprise structure, innovation structure and layout structure have been effectively optimized by "machine".

Economic Transformation: promoting spanformation and upgrading of processing trade

Dongguan is a highly export-oriented city with an external dependency of 200%. Data show that in Dongguan, more than 1.3 foreign enterprises, 90% are processing trade enterprises; in Dongguan's total industrial output value, 86% come from processing trade enterprises. Based on this, Dongguan will take the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade as the focus and difficulty of economic spanformation.

The upgrading and spanformation of Dongguan's processing trade began at the end of 2006. In June 2008, the Guangdong provincial government identified Dongguan as a pilot city to promote the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade in the whole province, and asked Dongguan to explore its experience for the whole province. However, the arrival of the international financial crisis has led the ongoing industrial spanformation in Dongguan to a crossroads: whether it is to maintain the immediate economic growth or to continue to implement the "long-term plan" for industrial spanformation? At that time, the Dongguan Municipal Committee and the municipal government used the "four tolerance" to unite all aspects of the reform consensus and continue to push forward the spanformation and upgrading of the processing trade pilot project. From the perspective of strengthening the awareness of enterprise spanformation, solving the key policy obstacles, helping enterprises to upgrade technology and building the domestic market platform, they formulated the "opinions on promoting industrial restructuring, promoting industrial spanformation and upgrading", "Dongguan's plan to promote the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade" and a series of supporting policies, set up a special fund of 1 billion yuan for processing and trade spanformation and upgrading, and set up a special fund of 1 billion yuan to support the financing of processing trade enterprises. Among them, the most significant breakthrough is to successfully explore a path for the spanformation of processing enterprises, and give a demonstration to the whole province and even the whole country.

Enterprises are the main body of industrial spanformation and upgrading. In recent years, under the support of national and provincial policies, Dongguan's large processing trade enterprises have been planning ahead, taking the initiative to launch their own business with the help of their own realities, and re expanding their business scope by means of modern development factors such as R & D, management, creativity and so on, and gradually move towards the high end of the value chain from the low end of the value chain.

"Chuang Ke company has invested more than 300 new products in the market of international electric tools and outdoor gardening tools in one year, and the price fixing is dominated by us." He Bailin, director of Chuang Ke Industrial Co. Ltd., spoke of these very proud. Chuang Ke has the right to bargain for products from the company's independent innovation and brand strategy. Since 2003, Chuang Ke has successfully acquired many high-end brands of electric tools in Europe and the United States, and has introduced its advanced technology, after digestion and absorption, to launch independent research and development and production. The original equipment manufacturer (OEM) was spanformed into a design manufacturer (ODM) and then developed into a brand manufacturer (OBM). The company also invested 1 billion yuan to build a large headquarters enterprise in Dongguan Houjie Industrial Park, Chuang Ke Industrial Park, which covers an area of 280 thousand square meters. It plans to concentrate 7 factories previously scattered in Dongguan in this industrial park, thus greatly improving the cooperative production capacity.

He Bailin introduced that the annual R & D investment of Chuang Ke accounted for 2% to 3% of the total turnover of the company, and the company had only 1600 engineers in the world. With its strong capability of independent research and development and brand influence, Chuang Ke's international competitiveness has been greatly improved. In 2010, enterprise orders increased by 20% over the same period last year. The annual output value has increased by more than 1000 times than in 1985. He also told reporters that Chuang Ke Industrial Park will set up an "Asia Pacific R & D center" to shift more than 80% of R & D centers in Europe and the United States to the new plant headquarters in Houjie Town, and strive to improve the R & D content of enterprises.

This is the ideal path of the spanformation of processing trade, which is highly praised by Dongguan, from "production" to "design + production", from "production workshop" to "enterprise headquarters", so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and extend the industrial chain.

According to the data, since 2008, there are more than 1600 raw materials processing enterprises which did not qualify as legal persons to turn into legal person enterprises in Dongguan, accounting for about 30% of the total. ODM (original design manufacturers) exports accounted for over 60% of processing trade exports, 988 processing trade enterprises had their own brands, and the total domestic sales increased by 34.4%. At the same time, there are also a number of proudly ambitious benchmarking companies such as birth technology, DUBAO knitting, quality electronics and so on.

There are two sets of data that can help us find out the essence of Dongguan's industrial spanformation and upgrading: in 2009, Dongguan's investment in enterprise renovation and breakthroughs for the first time exceeded 20 billion yuan, and for the first time, the investment in industrial renovation and spanformation exceeded 10 billion yuan, up 2.5 times and 1.5 times respectively. The total growth rate and growth rate were the highest in the Pearl River Delta cities. In 2009, the number of patent applications and authorized patents representing Dongguan's innovation capability jumped to second in the whole province, exceeding the total sum before 2000, and nearly 200 new foreign-funded enterprises R & D centers were added. This shows that increasing investment in technological spanformation and independent innovation has become a magic weapon to break through in the economic crisis of Dongguan.

Recently, the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade in Dongguan has ushered in new opportunities. In November 2010, Dongguan officially became one of the two pilot cities for the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade designated by the state. It shoulders the mission of exploring the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade in Guangdong and even the whole country. In March 11th this year, the Ministry of Commerce and the Guangdong provincial government signed the "cooperation agreement for the spanformation and upgrading of the processing trade in the Pearl River Delta region" jointly signed in Beijing to jointly promote the spanformation and upgrading of the processing trade demonstration zone, while Dongguan occupies an important part in it.

Admittedly, the economic spanformation is a complex and lengthy project. While promoting the spanformation and upgrading of processing trade, Dongguan is also trying to accelerate the development of the third industry, develop the park economy, promote scientific and technological innovation, and promote the spanformation of the "three old", which is now facing the dawn of economic spanformation and upgrading.

Social Transformation: promoting the upgrading of talents and cities

There is a saying that cities cannot upgrade without upgrading. The Dongguan people who know this well know that economic spanformation and social spanformation must start at the same time, and they promote each other. The upgrading of the industry and the improvement of the city, and the improvement of urban function and the optimization of human capital constitute a strong support for the economic spanformation. At the same time, in the economic spanformation, a grand "man" and "city" double promotion project is also hot in Dongguan.

In terms of urban construction, Dongguan takes the road network construction as a major task to accelerate the improvement of the "high speed road network with six links, six vertical links, three links", vigorously promote the upgrading of the town village network, actively build the Pearl River Delta Intercity Rail Transit and Dongguan urban rail spanit, and strive to build a modern traffic pattern with "road and road interlinked, interlocking urban and rural areas, and rapid and safe". At present, it has basically realized 10 minutes high (fast) speed road and half hour life circle in the city. In addition to investing heavily in building hardware such as science museums, museums, libraries, Yulan Grand Theatre and other cultural cities, Dongguan also encourages the development of intermediary services such as research and development, accounting, law, consulting and training. In addition, efforts are being made to enhance logistics, convention and exhibition, tourism, wholesale and retail and community services, so as to enhance the city's bearing capacity, cohesion and radiative power, so that Dongguan can spanform from a primary industrial city to an industrial and commercial city.

Liu Zhigeng, Secretary of the Dongguan Municipal Committee, once admitted that Dongguan's spanformation and development need high-quality personnel. If the population structure can not be optimized, the adjustment of industrial structure will also lack effective support. Especially after the international financial crisis, from the government to enterprises in Dongguan, it is increasingly recognized that human capital upgrading is more critical than upgrading of industrial projects. As a result, Dongguan, on the road of industrial spanformation and upgrading, has also intensified efforts to plan "personnel" articles to enhance human capital.

In Dongguan, there are nearly 8 million migrant population. They are also called "new Wando people". Most of them work in enterprises and factories, and are the main force in Dongguan's industrial spanformation and upgrading. In April 2007, the Dongguan city officially launched the new Wan man training project, which was operated in accordance with the government subsidy, social training and department supervision. The special vocational ability, junior workers, intermediate workers and senior workers were subsidized 200 yuan -500 yuan respectively, and the less part was opened by 37 people and employers. Dongguan City Human Resources Bureau responsible person disclosed that as of December 2010, Dongguan organized a total of 411 thousand new people training, the total allocation of subsidies 53 million 181 thousand yuan.

At the same time, in order to help the local people to change their ideas, 761 flexible workplaces such as "villagers' workshop" have been set up in each town street in Dongguan, and 24 thousand local people have been employed. In order to enhance the skills of local youth, Dongguan launched the household registration training program for young people, who only paid 1/10 of the cost of skills training, and the rest was subsidized by the government. It is understood that during the "11th Five-Year" period, a total of 89 thousand registered household labor force participated in subsidized skills training in Dongguan, 14 thousand and 700 people in 2010, and 118 million yuan subsidy in municipal financial training. This has enabled a large number of knowledgeable and skilled local youth to enter the factory and become the effective force of Dongguan's industrial spanformation, which greatly alleviated the constraints of the "shortage of migrant workers" on Dongguan's economy. {page_break}

Recruiting talents is the highlight of Dongguan's "personnel" articles. In recent years, Dongguan has made great efforts to improve the "soft environment" of the city and build the carrier of the park to attract talents. After nearly 10 years of construction, the Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industrial Park, which has recently been promoted to the state-level high-tech park, has become a "depression" for all kinds of high-end enterprises and talents. The planned area of the area is 72 square kilometers, with 8 square kilometers of fresh water lakes and 14 square kilometers of ecological green space. Since the establishment of the new century, we have worked hard to improve the human environment in accordance with the concept of "environment is productive force" and "technology and landscape together". We have gradually improved housing, travel, education and medical care, and won a large number of high-end enterprises and excellent talents.

In 2010, Guangdong Zheng ye Polytron Technologies Inc decided to move the company's R & D department to the Songshan Lake High Tech Park, leaving the factory still in Gao Gao town. "An important reason for moving here is that we find it increasingly difficult to recruit people in High Town, especially senior and senior professionals," said Mei Ling Liang, technical director of the company. Mei led Liang said that he pushed the windows open in Songshan Lake and was very green. After moving to Songshan Lake, a notice of recruitment was sent out.

In the process of development, all kinds of talents policies in Dongguan have played an important supporting role. It is understood that in recent years, Dongguan has promulgated 19 kinds of talents policies, ready to invest in 200 million to 300 million yuan, 3 to 5 years to introduce 50 leading talents at home and abroad, and train 15 to 20 scientific and technological innovation teams, 50 to 100 technology leaders and 200 technology leader reserve personnel.