Current Situation And Countermeasures Of Silkworm Egg Production Capacity In Chongqing

Silkworm eggs are silkworm eggs.

1, the basic situation

In 2011, Chongqing issued 13 licenses for silkworm production, approved 950 thousand production energy, and actually produced silkworm eggs, Sili seed farm, Beibei silkworm breeding farm, Hechuan silkworm breeding farm, Fuling Haifeng agricultural development company, Chongqing Hongsheng cocoon silk.

2, main problems and causes analysis

The results showed that the main problems faced by silkworm production in Chongqing are:

The production cost of 2.1 silkworm seeds has risen sharply, and the production unit is badly lost

In recent years, especially since 2009, the silkworm cocoon production has been influenced by the high price of silkworm cocoon, the increasing cost of labor and the substantial increase in the price of production, which lead to the production of silkworm eggs.

In 2010, compared to the same period, the cocoon price in our city rose by 40%, the labor wages increased by 27%, and the raw materials increased by 20%, resulting in the total cost of silkworm eggs up to 29.70 yuan / Zhang, the total cost was as high as 36.19 yuan / Zhang, and silkworm eggs sold at spring price, summer 26 yuan / Zhang, autumn 30 yuan / Zhang, average annual 27.02 yuan / Zhang, and silkworm eggs cost price hangs 9.17 yuan / Zhang.

The silkworm production unit of the whole city lost most of its losses except for a slight surplus. After the break even, the loss of the silkworm industry in the city amounted to 3 million 475 thousand yuan.

It is estimated that the direct cost of silkworm eggs will break through 36 yuan / Zhang in 2011, plus indirect costs, and the cost of silkworm eggs production will reach 44 yuan / Zhang. According to the current price of silkworm eggs 30 yuan / Zhang, silkworm eggs will cost 14 yuan / Zhang in the cost of silkworm eggs, and a huge loss of 5 million 700 thousand yuan will appear in the city's silkworm egg industry.

This is a sharp contrast with the current cocoon and silk industry's sericulture, raising silkworms, and the profitability of the silk industry, which has made our silkworm production unit in the long run worse and worse.

2.2, the original silkworm base is fragile, and the scale of production is severely shrinking.

At present, there are two modes of silkworm production in our city, namely, seed silkworm breeding base and its own mulberry seed production mode, including 74% of seed production by silkworm breeding base, and 26% of seed production by mulberry production.

In other words, silkworm eggs in our city are mainly produced by raw silkworm base. The original silkworm base is undoubtedly the "first workshop" of silkworm production in our city.

However, compared with the same period in 2010, the mulberry garden of silkworm rearing in the whole city decreased by 17% in 2011, the number of silkworm farmers decreased by 22.3%, the number of reared ants decreased by 26.3%, and the seed production was expected to be reduced by 25.7%.

In only one year, the production capacity of raw silkworm base dropped by 1/4, and this downward trend is becoming more and more serious.

Without timely containment and development, the first workshop will not have a foothold.

One of the main reasons is that the original silkworm base has not been given due attention for a long time, and is not really regarded as the "first workshop" for construction.

At present, 9 production units in the city do not have 2 raw silkworm bases, accounting for 22.2%, and 2 of the original silkworm bases are temporary, accounting for 22.2%, and 5 of the original stable silkworm bases, accounting for 55.6%.

Two, the raw silkworm base is short of long-term investment, poor infrastructure, low technology level and weak production capacity.

At present, the average output per unit cocoon of the silkworm breeding base in the whole city is less than 30 kg (silk cocoon), and the average seed production of less than 3 cocoons is at a relatively low level in the whole country.

Three, compared with silkworm, silkworm breeding technology requires strict, high cost, disease risk, low efficiency, low silkworm enthusiasm, silkworm farmers are willing to raise silkworms instead of breeding silkworms, the amount of silkworm rearing is reduced, and the production scale of silkworm is bound to shrink.

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2.3 the difficulty of silkworm egg production is increasing, and the production capacity is seriously declining.

In 2011, there were 13 units of silkworm production license in the city, 9 of which actually produced silkworm eggs, accounting for 70%, and 30% of the units were in a state of discontinued production.

The 9 production units planned for 405 thousand jobs in 2011, and actually implemented 318 thousand and 600. Only 78.7% of the planned tasks and 21.3% of the planned tasks (86 thousand and 400 sheets) were unable to arrange production.

Of the 9 production units, there are now 2 more than 50 thousand projects, accounting for 22.2%, and 7 of the 50 thousand projects are under implementation, accounting for 77.8%.

At present, the 318 thousand and 600 silkworm production capacity of the whole city has decreased by 16% compared with the same period in 2010, which is only 1/3 of the approved capacity of the whole city.

The city plans to produce 540 thousand species in 2011, and the supply and demand gap of silkworm eggs will reach more than 200 thousand.

This fully shows that: on the one hand, the silkworm production capacity is extremely low in our city at present. The production capacity of silkworm eggs is unbalanced with the demand of silkworm eggs. The production of silkworm eggs has been decreasing year by year, and has already been unable to meet the needs of the silkworm production in the whole city. On the other hand, the silkworm production unit has "orders" and is difficult to organize production, and is embarrassed in the situation of "rice without pot" and "rice is unwilling to find the pot", and it loses the enthusiasm for production.

The main reasons are: first, because of the rapid economic and social development and the accelerated pace of urbanization in our city, the shortage of labor force and aging of the mulberry and silkworm culture in rural areas have shown a distinct "386199" feature. Temporary workers hire difficulties and wage costs continue to rise.

Two, the investment in silkworm production is small, and the facilities for silkworm breeding and seed production are obsolete and backward, and the safety guarantee ability is weak.

Three, silkworm eggs production is a special agricultural production. It has advanced planning, seasonal nature, natural risk, disease risk, quarantine risk and market risk, and the production itself is very difficult.

The four is the sharp rise in costs and serious losses in production and operation, and the greater the production of silkworm eggs, the greater the losses.

Five, due to the poor long-term benefits of the production units, low staff income and hard work, the loss of technical personnel and young workers is serious and can not be replenish. The workforce is unstable, the structure is aging, and there is no follow-up.

Due to the superposition effect and comprehensive influence of these factors, it is inevitable that the difficulty of silkworm production will increase continuously, the enthusiasm of production units will be seriously reduced, and the capacity of silkworm eggs in the whole city will be greatly reduced.

3, countermeasures

To sum up, the current silkworm production capacity is low in our city, and the situation of silkworm production is extremely severe.

Implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development in an all-round way and speeding up the construction of silkworm breeding and breeding system, tackling both the root cause and the root cause, and reversing this passive situation as soon as possible, are pressing tasks for stabilizing the silkworm foundation and promoting the sustainable and coordinated development of cocoon and silk industry.

3.1, improve the price adjustment mechanism and adjust the prices of silkworm eggs in time.

According to the rules of the ratio of species and cocoons for many years, the reasonable price of silkworm eggs should be based on the income of 1.5 kilograms of fresh cocoons in the same period, and the price level of the silkworm eggs should be determined according to the price level at that time and the prices of silkworm eggs in the surrounding provinces.

If the average cocoon price of fresh cocoons in 2010 is about 23 yuan per kilogram, the price of silkworm eggs should be above 34.50 yuan / Zhang.

At present, the price of silkworm eggs in our city is 30 yuan / Zhang, which is lower in the whole country, and is lower than that in the western region of Shaanxi (35 yuan / Zhang), Yunnan (35 yuan / Zhang), Guangxi (50 yuan / Zhang + 5%) and other provinces and regions, and now these provinces and regions have begun to consider further raising the price of silkworm eggs.

In order to adapt to market changes and timely and objectively reflect the value of silkworm eggs, we should give full play to the pricing advantage of our association and implement the pricing mechanism of "seed price adjustment with cocoon price" for silkworm eggs in our city.

That is to say, at the beginning of the year, the City cocoon and silk association will predict the average price of fresh cocoons in the whole year according to the comprehensive average price of fresh cocoons and the market price of silk in the beginning of the year. The prices of silkworm eggs and silkworm eggs in neighboring provinces should be taken into account in the light of the price level of the year, the cost of silkworm egg production, and the interests of three producers of silkworm eggs, producers and sericultural farmers.

According to this principle, the price of current silkworm eggs should be adjusted to about 40 yuan per year from 2011 summer.

3.2, strengthen the construction of raw silkworm base, and consolidate the "first workshop".

Building the first workshop of silkworm production in our city is the most effective measure to improve the silkworm production capacity rapidly.

Sericultural administrative departments at all levels should attach great importance to the construction of raw silkworm base, formulate relevant policies and regulations, clearly define suitable silkworm mulberry areas as the silkworm production base of silkworm production units in the area, give policy protection and financial support, support and help silkworm production units to establish "stable, safe, high quality and high yield" raw silkworm breeding base.

It is also possible to allow qualified silkworm production units to establish an industrial silkworm base with cocoon and silk cocoons integrated in the designated areas.

3.3, increase support and stabilize the development of cocoon and silk industry.

Silkworm production in our city has been insufficient for a long time, and the foundation is weak and the development is lagging behind.

Efforts should be made to increase support so as to help the silkworm production units improve production conditions, restore production capacity, boost production confidence and stabilize industrial base as soon as possible.

We should implement seed subsidy or special production subsidies for silkworm eggs production, lead silkworm production units to adjust their production plans as soon as possible, implement the layout of multi season seed production, increase the seed production in autumn, fully tap the potential of production, and strive to complete the silkworm production plan, so as to solve the urgent need of the supply and demand gap of silkworm eggs in 2011.

We should support the maintenance, renovation and additions of houses, facilities and equipment for breeding silkworm breeding seed farms, and bring the silkworm breeding farm into the scope of pformation of agricultural seed farms (breeding stock, breeding birds and seedling farms) with ten thousand yuan increase in farmers' income and give special funds to support them.

For silkworm seed industry, we must persist in technological innovation and people's livelihood.

We should increase capital investment, focus on tackling key problems, speed up the breeding and popularization of new double limit new silkworm varieties, such as speckle limitation or color limitation, and speed up the research and application of advanced equipment and practical technology, and strive to improve labor productivity and reduce production costs. We should speed up the recruitment and technical training of professionals and skilled workers, strengthen the intellectual support of talents, constantly improve the production and living conditions of workers, continuously improve the welfare benefits of workers, and bring sericultural workers and mulberry workers into toxic and harmful jobs, effectively protect the workers' physical and mental health, and mobilize the enthusiasm of workers.