To Prevent Osteoporosis, You Have To Wear Shoes Well.

Osteoporosis (osteoporosis) is a systemic osteopathy, characterized by a decrease in bone mass and destruction of the microstructure of bone. It is manifested by increased fragility of the bone, resulting in an increased risk of fractures. Fractures are prone to fracture even in cases of minor trauma or absence of trauma.

Osteoporosis is a common disease in postmenopausal women and elderly men. The greatest danger is osteoporosis, hip fracture and thoracolumbar fractures. Many old people die.

As age increases, the prevalence of osteoporosis increases, and the risk of osteoporotic fractures increases significantly.

According to the Chinese white paper on osteoporosis, the total number of people over the age of 50 is 69 million 440 thousand, of which about 5 are 1, of whom 15 million 340 thousand are men and 5410 are women.

Obviously, osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases after hypertension and diabetes.

However, due to the characteristics of osteoporosis itself, that is, 50% patients with osteoporosis have no symptoms at the early stage. Secondly, many people think that the elderly are suffering from back pain, hunchback and fracture, which is a physiological phenomenon. Osteoporosis is not regarded as an important disease that endangers the health and quality of life of the elderly.

Therefore, it is very important to improve the public's correct understanding of osteoporosis.

Skeleton structure and pathogenesis of osteoporosis

The normal skeleton consists of cortical bone and cancellous bone.

About 80% of the skeleton is cortical bone, covering the outer layer of all bones, and the rest 20% are cancellous bones, forming long bones and internal bones of the flat bones and vertebral bodies.

As the vertebral body is basically composed of cancellous bone, osteoporosis causes vertebral body to be involved first.

The main cells of the skeleton include osteoblasts, bone cells, bone lining cells and osteoclasts.

Osteoblasts are the "bone building" cells in our common saying, while osteoclasts are "bone eating" cells.

Bone is in continuous metabolism, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are in a dynamic balance for their respective targets, but once they enter menopause or old age, this balance is broken. Osteoclasts' ability to eat bones is significantly higher than that of osteoblasts, which is the mechanism of osteoporosis.

At this point, if we do not intervene, our bones will gradually be swallowed up by osteoclasts, which will lead to osteoporosis. Such fragile bones may cause serious neck fractures in daily life. This process is like a strong tree that is eaten by termites, and the wind may blow down the tree.

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Characteristics and symptoms of osteoporosis

old age

The occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related to the peak bone mass reached by young age (20-40 years old) and the speed of bone loss in old age.

The peak bone mass of women is lower than that of men, and the sudden decrease of estrogen in female menopause leads to the rapid loss of bone mass.

So women are more prone to osteoporosis than men.

After menopause, women are deficient in estrogen, and vitamin D synthesis decreases, calcium absorption is impaired, osteoclasts are active, and bone resorption obviously exceeds bone formation, resulting in increased bone loss.

From the beginning of menopause pition, the average bone loss rate per year is usually 1%-3%, some can exceed 3%, lasting for 5-10 years, then 10-20 years of bone relative stability period, bone loss is less. After 70 years old, with age increasing, bone loss will be accelerated.

Three common symptoms of osteoporosis are:

Bone pain is mostly lumbago or aching all over the body. When the activity or weight is heavy, the pain is aggravated and the activity is limited. It is difficult to turn over, sit up and walk when it is serious.

Short height reduction should be noticed when height is reduced by 3 centimeters. Chest height or lumbar fracture may occur in height.

Fracture osteoporosis fracture often occurs in non violent, so-called "brittle fracture", usually falls in daily life, slightly heavier items, and when riding, this is one of the characteristics of osteoporotic fractures.

Thoracolumbar fractures are the most common, followed by distal radius fractures. The most serious consequences are hip fractures (including femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures).

In particular, we should pay attention to fractures of the thoracic vertebrae or lumbar vertebrae. According to our investigation, 1/4 patients do not know when to occur. They are described as lumbar back pain or back camel. X-ray examination revealed only thoracic or lumbar fractures.

Two of the characteristics of osteoporotic fractures is that after osteoporosis, if osteoporosis is not treated in time, the risk of osteoporosis will be very high in the next 1-3 years.

The biggest danger of osteoporosis is fracture, and hip fracture causes 1/5 old people to die within 1 years. Even though surgery, more than 50% of the patients can not take care of themselves and move in wheelchairs. Similarly, thoracolumbar fractures lead to kyphosis and chest deformity, which seriously affect the lung function. Some of the old people died. Some of the patients showed marked physical decline, severely restricted activities and a marked decline in the quality of life.

Who are prone to osteoporosis?

The incidence of osteoporosis is related to some risk factors. If the answer is "yes", the greater the risk, the greater the risk of osteoporosis.

1, did your mother have brittle fracture after she was 50? {page_break}

2, are you a postmenopausal woman?

3, do you suffer from menopause or early menopause (before 40 years of age)?

4, are you using glucocorticoids for a long time due to asthma, rheumatoid arthritis or other diseases?

5, do you have diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, liver disease or kidney disease?

6, do you eat less dairy products or calcium containing foods in your diet?

7, do you exercise less?

8, do you smoke?

9, do you often drink too much?

10, is your body thin?

How to detect osteoporosis early?

Since 50% osteoporosis patients have no symptoms at the early stage, how can we detect osteoporosis early? We can go to a regular hospital to do a bone mineral density examination. According to the WHO osteoporosis diagnostic standard, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis. It is a nearly no trauma examination. It only takes 3-5 minutes. Once the radiation dose is only 1% of a chest film taken, the bone mineral density of the whole bone can be accurately reflected by measuring the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur. It can not only be used to diagnose osteoporosis, but also can predict the possibility of fracture, and can be used as an important index for observing the curative effect of anti osteoporosis drugs.

Bone mineral density is considered to be as important as detecting blood pressure, finding hypertension and predicting cerebrovascular accident. It is more valuable than detecting blood lipids in finding hyperlipidemia and predicting myocardial infarction.

Therefore, it is suggested that women over 45 years of age or over 50 years of age receive a bone mineral density test with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer each year. You can understand your bone mineral content as soon as possible. Once the bone loss or osteoporosis is found, a doctor's guidance should be carried out to prevent osteoporosis and to carry out the treatment of drugs.

How to prevent osteoporotic fracture?

The elderly are prone to fall due to poor limb weakness and poor balance ability. Osteoporotic fractures often occur in daily life. Therefore, reducing the number of falls can effectively prevent the occurrence of fractures.

Special attention should be paid to the safety of the home, the light should be adequate, the obstacles should be placed and the carpets should be fixed. The elderly must choose shoes with high safety, such as shoes with shoe holes, broad bottom shoes, flat and elastic sole shoes, and plane coarse grain skid resistant shoes, etc.; it is not suitable to participate in violent sports, especially those that cause excessive muscle soreness.

Osteoporosis needs active treatment

The treatment of osteoporosis should first pay attention to diet, daily intake of enough calcium and vitamin D, regular regular exercise, at the same time to adjust lifestyle, remove bad habits, and pay attention to the safety of indoor environment, especially the elderly, because of lower limb weakness and poor balance ability, easy to fall, reduce the number of falls, can effectively prevent the occurrence of fractures.

Once diagnosed as osteoporosis, early treatment of osteoporosis should be initiated.

The principle is to use bisphosphonates, estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin and so on on the basis of adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation. However, the treatment should be decided by doctors according to the patients' different conditions. Patients with symptoms should visit the hospital as early as possible and avoid taking drugs blindly.

For patients with other diseases causing osteoporosis, it is necessary to actively treat related diseases.

Osteoporosis drug therapy can not only relieve bone pain and other symptoms, significantly improve the quality of life, but also improve the bone mineral density and improve the quality of bone, which will greatly reduce the risk of fracture in the future.