Where Does Money Come From In The Pformation Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises?

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Lao Huang, who also owns a leather factory in man and town, has only more than 20 workers working in such a large workshop.

"Ask me if I am busy," said the reporter at the edge of the old yellow tea. "If you are busy, you will not make tea here."

Although near the end of the year, the leather manufacturers of people and town are basically idle. "I haven't had any foreign trade orders for 5 months."

In leather goods

Business is hard to do. Many wise bosses are thinking about pformation. Transformation requires capital.

What they do not know is that the net of a credit fraud has been quietly opened.

In June this year, the Guangzhou economic and Trade Commission made a sample survey on the operation and financing status of the small and medium-sized enterprises in the city. The survey found that the competitiveness of SMEs was further weakened due to the continuous appreciation of the renminbi and the reduction of foreign trade orders.

"On the one hand, the European and American market orders gradually declined, although orders from the Middle East and Latin American and African markets increased slightly, but they could not make up for the losses. On the other hand, SMEs were affected by the volatility of raw material prices, and under the pressure of rising production factors, the profit margins of SMEs were continuously compressed and profitability continued to be weakened."

Lao Kong has not earned any money for several months. What is troublesome is that when the order is reduced, the account period of the purchasers is also extended. Before 3 months' checkout, most of them have been delayed for 6 months, and the upstream suppliers of raw materials have begun to ask for cash in cash.

At the same time, the cost of raw materials and labor is rising rapidly. Raw material skin is 3.9 yuan / square foot at the beginning of the year, and now it has risen to 6.5 yuan / square foot, and artificial "at the beginning of the year can also recruit 1100 yuan, and now there is no 1500 yuan can not be found."

The investigation by the Municipal Economic and Trade Commission also shows that the increase of raw material cost and labor cost is the biggest difficulty for small and medium-sized enterprises at present.

Under pressure, in order to continue to survive, people and leather goods manufacturers have the intention of "pformation and upgrading", but "money" is a big problem.

Private lending interest rate high pformation capital come from?

Lao Kong, old bell, Lao Huang three people's "family history" is very similar, first in other company's work accumulation foundation, slowly go out to do it alone.

"All of the initial funds were borrowed from relatives and friends."

Then we will continue to use our own funds to develop, and occasionally find friends and family to borrow money.

However, capital turnover has become a big problem in the past two years.

Once pformation and upgrading are made, it will be a huge cost to purchase machines, recruit higher level employees and buy new factories. Such a large amount of cost is almost impossible to seek for relatives and friends to borrow.

"If you want to remodel the production line, it will take hundreds of thousands of dollars to buy a device."

Lao Tong and other three people all agree to find loans, but whether they are private lending or formal channels, the way to find loans makes them miserable.

The relevant investigation of the Municipal Economic and Trade Commission showed that 70% of the enterprises reflected financing difficulties.

In the first half of this year, the weighted average interest rate of private lending in Guangzhou reached 18.5%, and the loan interest rate of more than 60% of the small loan companies was more than 2 times the benchmark interest rate.

According to this data, if Lao Kong can raise 1 million yuan from private lending, then one year later, it will pay 1 million 180 thousand yuan even for profit, while borrowing from small loan companies will cost 120 thousand yuan a year.

"If you put it in 2005, the interest can still be borne."

Lao Kong said, but now it's hard to earn twenty thousand by one.

Last month, a single hard earned twenty thousand, but the factory rent plus labor, plus my own rush expenses, just flat. "

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Bank credit threshold is still difficult to cross

The idea of private lending has basically been dispelled. Then, looking for institutions such as banks and microfinance institutions to borrow money?

Old bell said that although the country had launched a series of policies to support SMEs financing, but ultimately need collateral.

"In the past few years, people and town organized SME financing bank meeting. When my company was qualified enough to go there, I had interviews with banks.

Over. "

Old bell said that the conditions at that time seemed to be relatively good. Besides the collateral such as real estate, gold and silver, banks also accepted the machine as collateral. "However, the valuation given by the bank is too low, and the valuation is only two to seventy percent off of the original price, which is too much cost.

Lao Kong has also used the idea of using his own property as collateral, but when his family strongly opposes it, "first, the mortgage has not yet been completed. Secondly, if the pformation fails, then I will lose it completely."

Lao Huang completely broke the idea: "after all these years of work, money has been rolled into production. Where is the house?"

In the three eyes of Lao Kong, Lao Zhong and Lao Huang, the high threshold of bank credit has always been prohibitive for many small and medium-sized enterprises.

The Municipal Economic and Trade Commission's investigation shows that since the beginning of this year, the people's Bank of China has strictly controlled the credit scale of commercial banks. At the same time, the people's Bank of China has raised the deposit reserve ratio 6 times during the year. Under the background of the sharp tightening of credit scale, the credit scale of small and medium-sized enterprises has also been sharply reduced compared with the previous year.

Although commercial banks have divided the scale of this year to protect the credit demand of SMEs, the proportion of loans to SMEs has increased continuously. However, because of the limited volume and the large number of financing needs arising from the rising production costs, upgrading or upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises, the financing needs of SMEs can not be fully met.

From the perspective of industry, the tightening of bank credit has the biggest impact on wholesale and retail businesses. Although the support for manufacturing industry has also declined, taking into account the risk of bank credit reduction, commercial banks are inclined to invest in manufacturing enterprises with certain assets, stable production and operation, and rooted in the local manufacturing industry.

Under such circumstances, relevant departments have tried their best to develop the financing channels for SMEs. As of the end of 6, the 32 SMEs financing Guarantee Corporation in Guangzhou has provided 13 billion 899 million yuan loan guarantee for the 1758 SMEs in the province this year. The number of guaranteed enterprises and guaranteed loans has increased steadily.

At the same time, the municipal financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises guarantee system construction special funds increased from 15 million yuan per year to 30 million yuan in 2011.

However, these figures seem to be far from enough for small and medium-sized enterprises starving for food.

If 13 billion 899 million yuan is spread to 1758 enterprises, each household receives an average loan of 7 million 900 thousand.

And old bell said he wanted to buy a factory's own capital, which needed 5 million yuan.

According to the statistics of the economic and Trade Commission, as of the end of 6, there were 144071 small and medium-sized enterprises in Guangzhou, of which 3981 were medium-sized enterprises, accounting for 2.76%, 34530 small enterprises accounted for 23.99%, and 105560 small enterprises accounted for 73.26%.

Nearly ten billion loan amount seems to be a drop in the bucket for a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises.

At the same time, the central bank's control of credit scale has made some small loan companies temporarily unable to continue to provide loans.

Mr. G is the head of a small loan company in Guangzhou. His company is one of the eleven small loan companies that have been established in Guangzhou in the previous two years.

Mr. G told reporters that the company was founded in 2010, with a capital of 1 hundred million. In addition, it sought 50 million of the CDB, and the business was based on one-year short-term loans. "Now all the loan quota has been put to the end, and the central bank has not approved the new quota. Now we are waiting for the same amount of money. Now we can only wait until next year to recover the loan, and then continue to lend."

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"Since the beginning of this year, under the background of macro regulation and tightened liquidity, the growth of loan balance of SMEs in Guangzhou is obviously higher than that of all enterprises, which accounts for a continuous increase in the proportion of loans to all enterprises, and the demand satisfaction rate of SMEs has been increasing.

Due to the high level of CPI and PPI, the rising prices of raw materials, the increasing production costs of enterprises, and the rising interest rates of private lending, the financing costs of SMEs have been raised to a certain extent, resulting in a gradual tightening of the financing environment of SMEs in our city.

This is the summary of the current situation of SME financing by Guangzhou economic and Trade Commission.

In such a financing dilemma, some illegal financing means have come in. The data of Guangzhou procuratorate show that in recent years, SMEs have been unable to get bank loans through normal channels, and have been repeatedly caught in the credit fraud under the urgent need of financing demand.

The Guangzhou procuratorate accepted 4 cases of arrest of suspected crimes of high interest loan, 6 cases of public prosecution, 7 cases involving 10 cases, and the amount of loans involved amounted to 755 million yuan.

The old clock was taken in a while ago. "I am a member of xxintong, and the salesman suddenly sent a message to me that he could give me an unsecured loan and receive only the normal interest rate of the bank, which is 7.2% per annum."

Old clock said he was overjoyed at that time, and immediately accepted the so-called "audit" of the salesperson by video, and then waited for the next news.

A month later, the salesman brought two strange men to the old bell company. The two men claimed to be the credit dealers of the bank. After examining many materials of the old clock, such as property, car, bank account and company account, they promised to give the old bell a mortgage free loan of 450 thousand yuan.

Old bell, with excitement and without doubt, followed the salesman to a Pearl River new town bank to sign a loan contract.

"Before signing the contract, the salesman said that the loan is to pay the account management fee, but it doesn't mean the amount of money."

The old clock said that the contract was written in pen handwriting only, and wrote a few lines that need to pay the account management fee, and did not indicate how much it was. "I thought that, like credit cards and bank cards, I would pay a maximum of one hundred yuan management fees per month."

However, when the loan contract was formally returned to the old clock, the old clock found something wrong.

"Interest is charged at normal interest rates, and the interest rate is 2706 yuan a month, but the account management fee is surprisingly high, which costs 4275 yuan a month, nearly twice the interest rate."

The old clock has calculated that the real interest rate of his 450 thousand yuan mortgage free loan is as high as 17%, which is more than 50 thousand yuan more than expected.

At that time, the old clock was angry and regretted. Why did he not ask much at that time? Why did he regret so much to believe others? "I think it is a loan issued by the regular bank, so there is no doubt that there is a trick."

Today, the 450 thousand yuan is a hot potato for the old clock. It is neither daring to spend nor dare to use it, nor dare to go to the bank. "Even if I bring money back, I am afraid they will play tricks on my credit record behind my back."

Old clock said, spend more than 50 thousand yuan, recognize a bad luck, "with the bank, I dare not."