Etiquette, Clothing And Architecture Of The Han Nationality

Etiquette and custom

Ancient China was known as "the state of ceremonies". Ancient Han people were very particular about etiquette.

In the process of mutual communication, the ancient Han people had considerable etiquette for different subjects. They were divided into nine categories: the first, the first, the empty, the vibration, the worshipping, the worshipping, the worshipping, the worship, the worship, and the worship. They were called "nine obeisance".

After development and evolution, the most common are the arch, the bow and the bow.

Arch is the right hand, and the left hand is outside.

Knelt worship is a solemn etiquette of the Han nationality, which mainly includes the form of making a bow, opening a head and empty head.

The chief executive kowtow to the ground and pause for some time. It was originally the most respectful courtesy in "nine obeisance".

Dun worship, that is, kowtow to the ground, general for the younger generation to the superiors, subordinates to the higher levels of worship.

Empty head is hand to hand, head to hand.

In addition, there was "odd worship" with only one knee, which was very popular in the Qing Dynasty.

After the revolution of 1911, with the abolition of the feudal monarchy, the knelt worship ceremony was abolished, but it did not disappear. It was not until after liberation that it was completely abandoned by the people.

At the same time, the ceremonies and ceremonies were gradually replaced by shaking hands, hands raising, salute, greeting and nodding greetings, but they were not completely extinct.

Clothes & Accessories

From ancient times to now, the characteristics of the Han Yi coat (right) are always preserved.

From the Shang Dynasty portrait of jade carvings, stone carvings and pottery sculptures unearthed in Anyang, Henan, you can see the appearance of the right collar high collar clothes.

After the introduction of Hu clothing, there were short pants, but no matter the "deep clothes" of the Western Han Dynasty, or the "cross gowns" of the Tang and Song Dynasties, or the "gowns" of the Qing Dynasty, the tops were always characterized by the right side.

Modern men's robe or modern women's dress Qipao inherited the characteristics of the right side of the jacket.

Each dynasty had different advocation for the color of the costumes. Generally it was summer black, Shang Bai, Zhou Chi, Qin Hei, Han Chi, tangerun yellow and flag red. In the Ming Dynasty, it was appropriate to take the law, Zhou, Han, Tang and song as red.

The style of clothing developed to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. Men usually wore T-shirts and trousers, and wore a long gown.

The trousers are eight inches wide.

Later, the Chinese tunic suit was popular, but the countryside still wore long gowns, blouse and blouse trousers.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, women wore trumpets, middle length gowns and trousers. After the Republic of China, they wore "Kun Kou shirts". They had skirts, big skirts and Pipa skirts, with skirts, tail skirts and pleated skirts.

Qipao is popular after 30s, but rural women wear more blouses and trousers.

The clothes of modern Han nationality are represented by men's Tunic suits, and women are represented by cheongsam.

The cloth shoes of thousand layer bottom, round mouth low help, light, breathable, comfortable, is also Han nationality characteristic wears.

Hair style, ancient Han men do not shave, hair in the top plus crown, the Qing Dynasty shaved hair braid, youth with braid length for beauty; after the Republic of China, braid short hair, western style, flat top or bald.

Han women have more hairstyles than those in ancient times. In modern times, there are stream girls, single plaits, or double bun in modern girls.

After the Republic of China, many women cut their short hair and left their hair mixed.

The hairstyle of modern Han men is no longer characteristic. Women still wear hair braids as hairstyles with national characteristics.

In ancient times, Han Chinese men kept beards at a certain age, and women were 15 years old.

Ancient women also had bad customs such as corset and foot binding, and men had tattoos.

In the aspect of wearing, the ancient Han nationality was popular with jade. Both men and women wore belly bags to prevent the disease from coming into the umbilicus. Now the children in the countryside are still wearing their stomach bags.

Old children born with a "landing circle", meaning peace landing, one to five years old to wear "Tian Guan lock", also known as "long life lock."

Architecture

The national form of the Han residence is the wooden structure of the brackets and eaves, commonly known as the "big roof".

This national form of housing construction sprouted early in the Banpo site of the grass, mud and wood column net structure and the Hemudu Site site dry column mortise and tenon structure.

After a long period of communication and integration, the Western Han Dynasty formed a complete structural system with "Qin brick and Han tile" and wooden structure.

This kind of brackets not only plays a supporting role in mechanics, but also has decorative artistic effects. It embodies the strong national style of the Han housing construction.

In the course of historical development, the national form of this large roof is divided into glazed tiles, carved palaces and painted palaces, brick and black tiles, and simple and simple residence forms.

The layout of Han nationality is generally characterized by flat and deep development, divided into houses, houses, houses, and courtyards. The tallest floor is two floors. It often forms a strict symmetry between the courtyards and buildings, and blocks the independent residential buildings.

Han architecture is unique, and great achievements have been made in classical garden architecture.

Nowadays, although many high-rise housing buildings exist in cities, the important buildings often use the traditional Han nationality traditional architectural forms, such as the ten major buildings in Beijing, which retain a strong national style.

In the countryside, quadrangles are still popular in the north, and five rooms are built in the south.

Although the new building materials have appeared and widely used, a large number of basic buildings are brick buildings or mud wood structures with "Qin brick and Han tile".