Argentina'S Foreign Trade Policy

General situation of Argentina's foreign trade

Foreign trade policies and regulations

1. basic situation of foreign trade

Argentina once pursued an import substitution policy for a long time, and the color of trade protectionism was strong.

Since 1989, the government has vigorously developed foreign trade in the implementation of the new economic policy. It has adopted a series of reform measures, abolished restrictions on imports, reduced tariffs several times, and formulated policies to encourage exports.

In 90s, the foreign trade grew at a high speed.

In 1990, the total foreign trade volume was only 16 billion 400 million US dollars, and in 1998 it was US $57 billion 600 million. Under the impact of the financial and financial crisis in Russia and Brazil, the Arab economy began to stop from the third quarter of 1998.

After three consecutive years of economic recession.

In 2001, a total of $46 billion 400 million was imported from Afghanistan, including 20 billion 300 million US dollars, 26 billion 200 million US dollars and 5 billion 900 million US dollars.

It fell sharply in 2002 and rebounded in 2003.

(the specific figures are as follows)

Argentina is a traditional exporter of agricultural and animal husbandry products.

Agricultural and livestock products occupy an important position in exports, accounting for about 50% of total exports.

Many products occupy a larger share in the world market, such as Argentina's soybean oil and sunflower oil exports account for the world's largest, honey accounts for second of the world's total, corn accounts for third of the world's total, and wheat and wine account for fifth of the world's total.

For a long time, Afghanistan has been committed to the development of national industries, efforts to change the export structure and expand the export of manufactured goods.

In recent years, some achievements have been achieved. However, due to historical and natural conditions, agriculture, livestock and fishery products still play a decisive role in foreign trade.

The main export commodities are cereals, beef, oil, grease, leather, fruit, dairy products, mineral products, chemical products,

Argentina's main trading partner is the South Communist Party.

2. foreign trade management system

The Ministry of economic production of Argentina is the administrative body of foreign trade, and its State Secretariat of industry, trade and small and medium-sized enterprises is responsible for formulating rules and regulations in foreign trade and supervising its implementation.

Under the State Secretariat of industry, trade and small and medium-sized enterprises, a subsidiary State Secretariat of foreign trade is set up to deal with foreign trade matters.

The Secretariat for industry, trade and mining also has offices in various provinces.

Argentina customs is also an important institution responsible for implementing foreign trade laws and policies.

The economic and trade negotiations between the two governments are headed by the Ministry of foreign affairs, and the operation of the bilateral economic talks between the Department of international economic negotiations of the Ministry of foreign affairs and its subordinate bodies is specifically carried out.

Argentina was the main sponsor of the Mercosur and joined the world as early as October 1967.

The current foreign trade policy began in 1989.

When President Menem was in power, he launched a new economic policy to break down the situation of economic decline for more than a decade.

In the field of foreign trade, a series of drastic reform measures have been adopted. These policies are mainly:

First of all, we should relax restrictions on imports and gradually abolish non-tariff barriers, mainly using tariffs as protection measures.

In 1986, the government introduced an import license system for 7OOO species of 11400 imported commodities. In 1991, the import license system was abolished, except for car imports.

Secondly, all special duties should be abolished and tariff rates generally reduced.

The average tariff rate decreased from 40% in 86 to 10% in 91, and 15% in 92. The import duties of primary products, intermediate products and finished products were 5%, 13% and 22%, respectively, and more than 35% of automobiles and most electronic products.

Since then, many adjustments have been made.

In addition, the president also issued a non regulation act to reduce government intervention in economic activities, abolish the National Grain Council, meat Committee and other organizations that regulate production and trade, cancel the regulation and control of goods pportation and loading and unloading, and reorganize customs, simplify import and export administrative management procedures and import and export formalities.

On the export side, all products other than raw cowhide are allowed to export freely.

In the 93 year, the president set up a new policy to liberate productivity and encourage industrial and agricultural development, including import of all capital goods without import duties and import statistics tax.

These measures have effectively promoted foreign trade, especially the repeated reduction of tariffs, which has greatly stimulated imports. As a result, the import volume has increased substantially and the trade deficit has increased in the past 91-94 years.

In order to maintain the balance of foreign trade and import and export, the Arab government, on the one hand, has formulated policies to encourage exports, such as export tax rebates, low interest loans for export enterprises, etc. on the other hand, it has imposed restrictions on imports of certain products, such as quota restrictions on different types of paper, special tariffs on textiles and shoes, etc.

The main laws and regulations of Argentina's foreign trade include:

(1) export tax rebates

Refund can be made on the basis of FOB (or FOR, FOT) price.

The tax rebate rate for various commodities is 0% to 10%, specifically decided by the Deputy Secretariat of the Ministry of foreign trade of the Ministry of economic affairs, and the General Administration of customs is responsible for the implementation.

Exports to members of the southern cities do not enjoy tax rebates.

(2) export rebates for material processing

Customs processing export can refund customs duties, statistical tax and value-added tax arising from processing when imported raw materials are imported. However, the goods processed must be exported within a year and must be sold to non Communist cities.

(3) the turnkey project which is successfully awarded abroad may be refunded.

Such projects include cold storage, airports, ports, hotels and tourist facilities, shipyards, power plants and their pmission equipment, dams and hydroelectric power facilities, hospitals, water treatment plants, communication facilities, oil pipelines, gas pipelines, oil and natural gas extraction equipment, stone oil and natural gas processing facilities, railways, railway stations and other infrastructure and grain depots.

The tax rebate rate is 10% of FOB.

The raw materials produced in China should not be less than 60% of the FOB price.

(4) an additional tax refund is available for exports to the south of the COLORADO river.

Cargo for customs clearance and shipment from the south of the COLORADO River can enjoy an additional J rebate. The tax rebate period is 95 years from January 1st to 99 December 31st.

Different ports have different rebate rates, usually between 7%-12%.

(5) import of bonded areas

Goods exported from bonded areas after storage or processing are exported within a certain period of time, without import tax, statistical tax and other taxes.

The maximum period for these goods to stay in the bonded area is 10 years, which can be applied for one year extension.

(6) financial support for export processing

In order to support export processing enterprises, the state bank provides loans to these enterprises.

The loan period for small and medium enterprises is 180 days and the interest rate is 10%.

The loan period for agricultural products and wool export enterprises can reach up to 260 days and interest rates are slightly higher.

The loan period for industrial manufactured goods can be up to 1 years.

The loan amount is 80% of FOB.

(7) financial support for export enterprises

The state has a loan period of 4 years for enterprises producing and exporting manufactured goods, with an interest rate of 12% (10% for small and medium enterprises).

The loan period for consumer goods exports is 1 and a half years, with an interest rate of 13%.

The export interest rate of industrial manufactured goods is 10% within one year.

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(8) levy duties on imports of textiles, clothing, footwear and toys.

Since April 98, the tariff on textile imports has been reduced to 25% and the tariff on clothing has been reduced to 32%.

However, the following products are subject to volume tax:

Cotton grey cloth 2.5 - 4.5 US dollars / kg

Cotton blended grey fabric 1.2 - 3.6 US dollars / kg

Chemical fiber blended grey fabric 3.2? 6.O USD / kg

Clothing 7 - 15 US dollars / kg

Shoes 2.0-7.0 USD / kg

Toys $3.8 / kg

The labels for imported garments, shoes and toys should include the following areas: origin, exporters, importers and ingredients.

(9) import of second-hand goods

The relevant laws and regulations stipulate that old tyres and old clothes are not allowed to be imported, but old machines, instruments, electronic materials, audio and video equipment, pportation equipment and medical equipment can be imported.

(10) statistical tax

From March 24th to 95, consumer goods imports will be subject to a statistical tax of 3%.

However, goods imported from the Mercosur countries and Chile, imported for animal and plant reproduction, import of fuel ores and oil ores, and goods imported, processed and re exported may be exempted from this tax.

(11) value added tax

Since April 1st 95, value-added tax has been introduced to imports.

The tax rate is 21%.

However, the import of personal and household articles, samples and mail, national, provincial, municipal and affiliated institutions are exempt from this tax.

There are also regulations on anti-dumping, safeguard measures and SGS commodity inspection in Argentina's foreign trade.

1. anti-dumping

The Department responsible for anti-dumping is the Ministry of economic affairs, and its specific investigation work is under the responsibility of its deputy secretary of state for foreign trade and the National Foreign Trade Commission.

The former determines the dumping margin, and after filial piety investigates whether the domestic industry is damaged by dumping. When a part of the enterprise or chamber of Commerce asks the foreign trade sub Secretariat to request an anti-dumping investigation petition for the import of a product, the Deputy Secretary of state for foreign trade will consult the Foreign Trade Committee member to see whether it will accept the case.

If the case is accepted, the preliminary investigation will be initiated. If the reason is sufficient, the anti-dumping investigation will be formally announced by the State Secretariat of the trade and industry 35 days later. During the investigation period, all parties (importers, exporters, producers and relevant departments) may submit all kinds of materials or evidence. During the investigation, if the domestic industry has been found to be obviously damaged, the Ministry of economic affairs may announce interim measures, usually for a period of four months.

Determining whether dumping is harmful to the industry in the vicinity is the key content of the investigation, mainly based on the import volume of the commodity investigated by the school, the influence of the import price of the same or similar products on the import price and the impact of product imports on the Arab producers.

The Deputy Secretariat of foreign trade and the National Foreign Trade Commission recommended to the State Secretariat of trade and industry whether sanctions should be taken.

If we decide to take anti-dumping measures, we usually stipulate minimum FOB price limits or impose a certain amount of anti-dumping duty.

The final validity period is usually 2-5 years.

2. safeguard measures

The safeguard measures are also a trade protection measure taken by Argentina to prevent damage to domestic industry caused by the massive import of foreign products.

The basic process is similar to that of antidumping. Safeguards are often not targeted at a product of a tax code in a particular country, but for a large category of products, such as Argentina, which has imposed a volume tax on textiles and footwear imported from all countries except the South Communist city.

In January 21st of 99, ah also took protective measures against toys such as dolls and other 5 tariff codes.

The certificate of origin has been required when toys are imported.

3.SGS commodity inspection

The 1177 / 97 decree of the Argentina government and 217 / 99 stipulate that the inspection of goods under the 2400 tariff codes of food, daily necessities, household appliances, toys and so on shall be carried out by the designated international commodity inspection body SGS before shipment.

The commodity inspection company will conduct the following inspections: 1. check the number, quality and origin of the imported goods before shipment; 2., check whether the tariff code of imported goods is selected accurately; 3., check whether the price declared by the importer is equal to the price of the place of origin or the international market; 4. inspect the quantity and quality of each shipment and prove that it is qualified or not, the commodity inspection company issues the commodity inspection certificate and makes comments on the price of the goods.

The inspection procedure of SGS is based on internationally accepted inspection criteria.

First, the importer will submit a pre shipment inspection application form to SGS's office in Argentina.

The importer must submit the application form to the SGS office 10 days before the signing of the contract or at the latest.

The form can be submitted to the SGS exporting country office by fax or e-mail.

There is a number on the application form for use by importers, customs declarations and suppliers.

The importer then notifies the seller or supplier to contact SGS for inspection.

SGS will be inspected within 5 days after receipt of the notice at the date and place specified by the supplier.

Brief introduction of Argentina customs rules

1. customs regulations

The national customs administration of Argentina is one of the leading agencies of the Arab foreign trade. Its regulatory regime and customs clearance procedures are similar to those of the international customs system.

Customs procedures are more complex and require detailed import documents. If there is a slight mistake, the fines will be punished or smuggled. Therefore, the contents of our shipping documents must be accurate. We must ask customs declarations or registered and authorized customs agents to assist in customs declaration.

Importers should pay attention to the following points:

Import restriction

Except for some old goods, there are generally no import restrictions, but the import of the following items is subject to prior government approval: cottonseed, seed potato, fresh fish, vegetables, nuts, nuts, barred apples, live poultry, hairy poultry, eggs, salted fish, dried fish, insecticides, livestock products, food, medicines, explosives, implements, ammunition, plants and products, tobacco and saccharin.

Import license

All cars except cars require no license.

Import quotas

Car imports have long quotas. Importers of each new model import only 200 vehicles a year.

There are temporary import quotas for pulp, paper and certain articles.

Health quarantine

Most of the import of food products requires health quarantine, such as live animals, plants and products, grain, seeds, adult fish, dried fish and so on.

Certificate of origin

One original and three copies of the certificate of origin must be provided.

The certificate of origin for textiles, footwear and toys must be approved by the Argentina consul.

2. tariff collection system

The import tariff of Argentina is divided into general tariff and special tariff, and the special tariff is mainly applicable to the import commodities of the member states of the free trade area of the Communist city of South China.

Trade with China is currently subject to general duties.

The Levy method is to add 21% VAT on the basis of the import tax rate of all kinds of goods, and 9% of the added value tax (the value is calculated on the basis of the CIF price. The VAT is paid in advance when importing, and the importer can deduct the tax that has been paid in advance when the goods enter the Customs on sale.

The basic tax rates for various commodities are as follows:

Import tariff of project customs

Raw materials, primary products 2.5%-10%

Capital goods 0-10%

Durable and non durable consumer goods 15%-20%

Loose parts and semi finished products 15%

The finished product is 20% -25%.

The following products are classified as special commodities and the tax rate is set separately.

Smoke: 66%, Whisky: 50%, strong liquor: 30%, beer: 4%, soft drinks: 24%, tires: 27%, lubricants: 23% -25%, electronic products: 3% -24%.