Knowledge Of Mechanical Properties Of Textile Fiber

The mechanical properties should include fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, wear resistance and elastic modulus.

Fiber strength: fiber strength refers to the ability of fiber to resist external damage, and to a large extent determines the durability of textile products.

The strength of a fiber can be expressed by the absolute strength of the fiber. It refers to the maximum load that a fiber can bear when it continues to increase its load until it breaks.

Its statutory lecturer is Newton (N) or Newton (cN).

In the past, it was customary to use acrylic or kilogram force.

Because fiber strength is related to fiber thickness, it is absolutely impossible to compare fibers with different thickness. Therefore, the strength of fibers is usually expressed by relative strength.

Relative strength refers to the maximum tensile force per unit line density (per characteristic or per denier) fiber can bear.

The legal unit of measurement is cattle / special (N/tex) or calf / special (cN/tex).

In the past, I used to use acrylic / denier.

Fiber elasticity: fiber and its products are subjected to external forces in processing and using, and produce corresponding deformation.

When the external force is removed, part of the fiber can be recovered and the other part will not recover.

According to this property of fiber, the deformation of fiber can be divided into three parts, that is, the deformation that can be recovered immediately after the removal of external force is called "acute elastic deformation". When the external force is removed, the deformation that can be recovered slowly is called slow elastic deformation; after the external force is removed, the deformation that can not be recovered is called plastic deformation.

Resilience refers to the ability of fiber to recover from deformation.

The commonly used index that indicates the elasticity of fiber is the elastic recovery rate or rebound rate of fiber.

It refers to the percentage of total elastic deformation and elastic deformation at a certain time.

The elastic recovery rate of the fiber is high, and the elasticity of the fiber is good, and the ability of deformation recovery is strong.

The textiles made from elastic fibers are of good dimensional stability and are not easy to wrinkle and wear resistant during the use.

For example, polyester has excellent elasticity, and its garments are characterized by crisp and wearable properties.

Wear resistance of fibers: wear and tear of fibers and their products due to constant friction during processing and actual use.

The wear resistance of fibers is the ability of fibers to withstand external wear.

The abrasion resistance of fibers is closely related to the fastness of textile products.

Wear resistance is an important indicator of clothing wear performance.

The wear resistance of fiber is related to the macromolecular structure, supramolecular structure, elongation at break and elasticity.

The order of wear resistance of common fibers is as follows: nylon, polypropylene, vinylon, ethylene, polyester, acrylic, chlorine, wool, silk, cotton, linen, copper, ammonia, viscose, acetate, glass fiber.

Elastic modulus of fibers:

Modulus, also known as "initial modulus", refers to the stress strain ratio of a straight line beginning on the fiber tensile curve.

In practical calculation, it is generally desirable to obtain the elastic modulus of a fiber at a point of elongation of 1% on the load elongation curve.

The size of fiber elastic modulus indicates the difficulty of fiber under small load. It reflects the rigidity of fibers and is closely related to the properties of fabrics.

When other conditions are same, the elastic modulus of the fiber is large, and the fabric is stiff; otherwise, the elastic modulus is small, and the fabric is soft.