The Road To Scale Production Of Cotton In China Is Still Far Away.

< p > in this year's "two sessions", the sound of direct subsidy to cotton growers has been heard several times, while < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile < /a > the enterprises have higher voice for "letting go" cotton, hoping to make it completely marketable and regulated by the market mechanism.

Either way, in the final analysis, it is necessary to integrate domestic cotton prices with international cotton prices and enhance the market competitiveness of China's cotton textile industry.

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< p > > then how can the < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > cotton price < < /a > will it be reduced? Some people in the industry have made such a judgement: "in contrast, the price of cotton in China is too high because the labor productivity is too low. If our country can realize the family farm management, scale, intensive and mechanized production of cotton like the United States, then the price of cotton will naturally decrease."

Perhaps the reality of our country is different from that of the United States, and the mode of family farm is relatively far away. However, there is still great potential for cotton to realize scale and mechanization, and greatly increase labor productivity.

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< p > < strong > scale planting is initially < /strong > < /p >.

< p > Xinjiang is the main planting area of cotton in China. The production and construction corps cotton area reaches 8 million mu a year, which is the highest level of cotton scale production in China.

The production and construction corps cotton has the characteristics of large agricultural cooperatives, that is, the production and Construction Corps is a large unit. There are several cotton farmers in the unit. Besides the cotton farmers, there are also professional agricultural machinery workers, cotton processing enterprises and cotton purchasing enterprises in the production and Construction Corps. That is to say, in the large units of the production and Construction Corps, the cotton fields should be uniformly seeded, unified fertilization management, unified harvesting, unified processing and sales, and the industrialization mode of operation within the production and construction corps should be realized.

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< p > the unified management mode of the production and Construction Corps not only greatly improves the productivity of cotton planting, but also can effectively reduce various costs and improve the quality of cotton.

The eighty-nine regiment of the five divisions of the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is the main planting base of the "Northern Xinjiang" brand cotton. In the past 5 years, the area is stable at about 100 thousand mu, and the average yield per mu is 185 kg.

Now, cotton production is mechanized in ploughing, sowing, plowing, spraying and harvesting. The daily use of large tractors is about 300 mu. The sowing machine adopts super wide membrane precision cotton planter to sow 180 Mu a day. The medium and small agricultural machinery is used for daily cultivation of more than 300 mu. The medium and small-sized agricultural machinery and efficient sprayer are used for spraying, 500 mu for daily operation, and 280 mu for harvesting cotton harvester imported from the United States daily.

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< p > now, the eighty-nine group's < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/" > cotton sowing < /a > can be sown in just 10 days, compared with 5 years ago, the speed has increased by more than 2 times.

Using machine picked cotton, the cost per mu of machinery and pportation is 400 yuan, and the cost of manual labor before harvesting is more than 800 yuan per mu.

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< p > the long staple cotton planted by the two regiment of the first division of the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps is the best in the country. The lint processed by the regiment has been used by large textile groups such as Anhui Huamao, Shandong Lu Tai and Hongkong Huarun.

The two group has planted more than 14 acres of cotton this year, an increase of 50 thousand mu over 2012.

In recent years, affected by the fluctuation of cotton market and the decline of output, long staple cotton has been seriously unsalable. In 2012, the average cash price per ton of long staple cotton was 9 yuan, minus the cost, and the yield of Mu was 1415 yuan. The average contractor contracted 40 acres of cotton field, and the household income in 2012 was around 40 thousand yuan.

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< p > < strong > planting in the mainland is scattered < /strong > /p >

< p > < strong > specialization less than /strong > /p >

< p > according to the national cotton market monitoring system, in 2012, the total sown area of cotton in China was 71 million 787 thousand mu, and the cotton planting area in Xinjiang amounted to 24 million 700 thousand mu, of which 16 million 400 thousand Mu was in the area and 8 million 300 thousand mu in the production and Construction Corps.

China's inland cotton planting area still accounts for a large proportion of the whole country, but in the current situation, the cotton planting income in the mainland is far less than the income level in Xinjiang.

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The average selling price of cotton has been hovering around 8 yuan / kg since the new cotton market came into operation in September last year in Dezhou District of Shandong. The income of cotton per mu is about 1800 yuan, and the cost of seed, pesticide, fertilizer, labor and so on is only about 1800 yuan, and the net income is only 500 yuan.

The income of Sheyang in Jiangsu is lower, and the average net income per mu is only 361.8 yuan after eliminating the cost of each acre, which is far lower than the cotton yield level of Xinjiang Corps.

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< p > China Cotton Association's survey results at the beginning of March 2013 ~4 showed that according to the weighted average calculation of cotton planting area of cotton farmers surveyed, the average planting intention of cotton growers in the whole country decreased by 6.4%, and the decrease was 0.4 percentage points lower than that in February.

Based on the area of the association in 2012, it is estimated that the total area of cotton planting in China will be 68 million 460 thousand mu in 2013.

In most cotton planting areas, cotton growers have reduced cotton planting area and planted other crops. The reduced land is mostly used for planting corn and wheat, and where there is water source is used for planting rice.

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< p > cotton cultivation in the mainland of China is much higher than the degree of Seeding Mechanization. Most of the links such as intertillage, spraying and harvesting depend on labor. Compared with the relatively high level of mechanization in the United States, China's cotton planting < a href= "http://www.91se91.com" > Machinery < /a > degree and labor productivity, including Xinjiang, need to be improved.

According to rough calculation, the per capita output of cotton in China is about 1/500 of the average per capita output in the United States. From the perspective of labor productivity, the productivity of cotton growers in China is about 1/200 of the labor productivity of cotton textile industry in China.

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< p > < strong > perfect scale operation < /strong > < /p >

< p > < strong > raising the overall level < /strong > < /p >

< p > low income, abandoning cotton and growing grain are the external manifestations of low labor productivity. The cotton production in the mainland is dominated by small family production, and cotton planting is scattered. If there is no professional organization production, it is difficult to form a scale.

The promotion of cotton production in the mainland can not be carried out in large farms like some other countries. The main form should be to organize cotton growers through cotton cooperatives. Like the management mode of the Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, we should implement unified seed supply, unified farming technology and synchronous management so as to fundamentally solve the problem of variety and provide necessary conditions for mechanized production and gradually change the backward state of cotton production.

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< p > cotton cooperatives are very common now in our country, which have a great impact on some cotton regions and are welcomed by cotton farmers.

Hunan Huachang Textile Group and Hunan Yinhua cotton and Hemp Industry Group Co., Ltd., Huarong Yinhua run agricultural cotton professional cooperatives, now there are about 6500 cotton farmers, covering about 1/5 of cotton planting area in Huarong county.

Feng Jibing, a cotton cooperative, said: "cotton cooperatives are usually led by local leading cotton ginning factories and cotton processing enterprises, providing a unified and inexpensive seed, pesticide, fertilizer and other agricultural materials for cotton growers."

In Huarong County, the local labor force is relatively small. In the past, the artificial cotton cultivation was time-consuming and laborious. The cotton farmers themselves bought the agricultural machinery cost too high, and the Cotton Cooperative bought large cotton planting machines, which greatly improved the cotton planting efficiency.

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Besides P, Feng Jibing also said: "cooperatives provide regular training of cotton cultivation for members, not only unified acquisition, unified sales, but also unified improvement of cotton seeds, which effectively guaranteed the cotton farmers' income and relieved cotton farmers' worries.

The processing factory is responsible for processing all cotton production of cotton growers, and cotton farmers do not worry about selling cotton.

The cotton growers have gained the benefits. They really regard the processing plants as their own and share risks with the cooperatives and processing factories. No matter how the market changes, they can voluntarily hand over cotton to the processing plants of the cooperatives, and the processing plants also get enough cotton resources.

The processing plant directly sells cotton to the circulation and textile enterprises, making cotton production more closely linked with the market, and at the same time effectively promotes the development of cotton production.

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< p > China's < a href= "http://www.91se91.com" > Cotton Cooperative < /a > although some developed better, but because the state has no practical measures to support its development, the cotton cooperatives are entirely dependent on the development level of some cotton processing enterprises, and some cotton cooperatives only pursues the benefits only, and do not play its real role.

If the state attaches importance to the development of the cotton cooperative organization and makes it play the same effect as the production and Construction Corps and enhance the overall level of the cotton industry in the mainland and Xinjiang, then the large-scale development of China's cotton industry will take a big step forward.

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