The Textile Industry Wears A Raw Material "Magic Spell".

　 How to solve the problem of "cotton price upside down"

Open the closet and open the seam. clothes Inside the fabric label, you can see that most of the fabrics are made of cotton, polyester (polyester), spandex, nylon, modal and so on, except cotton. Natural fiber A bunch of nouns are all kinds of chemical fibers. Cotton and chemical fiber (market area) Spin The two main raw materials of industry are facing different difficulties.

Domestic cotton price upside down, import quota.

"One ton in China cotton 19000 yuan, while the middle and low count cotton yarn imported from India and Pakistan is added to China, plus tariffs and freight charges not more than 17000 yuan per ton. Our raw materials are still 2000 yuan higher than the prices of other products. How are we going to play? "In June 3rd, at the China International Cotton Textile Conference held in Nanjing and the China International Textile raw materials market conference, a cotton textile owner complained to China Economic Weekly.

In 2010, domestic cotton prices had experienced the ups and downs of roller coaster, which rose by 16000 yuan / ton in 8 months, and dropped by 5100 yuan / ton in 20 days. Cotton growers and cotton spinning enterprises were miserable.

In order to protect cotton farmers, in March 2011, the state issued a policy of minimum purchase and storage. In 2012, the reserve price was raised to 20400 yuan / ton. The price of cotton purchase and storage in 2013 will also be maintained at 20400 yuan / ton.

After purchasing and storing cotton, the state will sell it to the cotton spinning enterprises by auction. In 2012, the starting price for throwing and storing was 19000 yuan / ton.

However, since the second half of 2011, affected by the European debt crisis, the international cotton price has continued to decline. If this year's throw and start price is maintained at 19000 yuan / ton in the previous year, China's cotton price will continue to be higher than the international cotton price.

However, the reason for the reduction of corporate profits is not only this, but also the quality of domestic cotton.

"In addition to Xinjiang cotton, it is very difficult to make high value-added and high-grade yarn and fabrics from domestic cotton." Chen Jiaolan, general manager of de Tai textile, Qingyuan, Guangdong, told the China Economic Weekly that "domestic cotton" three silk "(cotton blended with silk, linen, hair, etc.), commonly known as" three silk ", is much more, and more than a thousand pieces of plastic.

As of September 1st this year Cotton processing Two new national standards (cotton fine wool cotton sawtooth processing "GB1103.1" and "cotton fine wool cotton roller processing" GB1103.2) will be implemented. Cotton spinning enterprises believe that only imported cotton from the United States and Australia can meet the new national standard raw material demand.

But imported cotton needs quotas, which makes Chen Jiaolan afraid to bid for imported cotton. According to the regulations, 1 tons of imported cotton should be sold with 3 tons of domestic cotton which is expensive and unreliable in quality, which is risky for any spinning enterprise.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are struggling, and big enterprises are just trying to maintain them. Huarun textile is a subsidiary company of Huarun group, a large central enterprise. Di Hui, deputy general manager of the company, introduces that the company used to earn several million yuan a month, and now only a few hundred thousand yuan. Another leading company, Anhui Huarun, is a "quality and efficiency" enterprise that has been profitable for 39 consecutive years. Chairman Zhan Lingzhi said that this year's profits have been so small that she embarrassed.

　 PX is in urgent need. Chemical fiber materials are in short supply.

stay Textile raw materials China accounts for more than half of the total. chemical fiber Life is not easy.

Zhao Xiangdong, vice president of China Chemical Fiber Industry Association, revealed that in 2012, the total output of China's chemical fiber reached 37 million 920 thousand tons, of which 30 million 570 thousand tons of polyester fiber (polyester fiber) accounted for more than 70% of the world's total polyester fiber. From 1 to April this year, the profit margin of China's chemical fiber industry decreased by 11.62% compared with the same period last year.

The chemical fiber industry chain is longer. Take polyester as an example, before becoming a textile product, it has to go through the course of "PX (p-xylene) - PTA (terephthalic acid) polyester".

China's PTA self-sufficiency capability is constantly increasing. But the supply of raw materials for processing PTA is very tight, PX. Publicly available data show that the domestic textile industry needs 27 million tons of PX per year.

As a low toxicity chemical industry (market area) product, PX project has been repeatedly boycotted by the public in recent years. The downstream products of PX are polyester. clothing A large number of household textiles and industrial textiles are widely used, many of which are hygroscopic and quick drying sportswear fabrics. An interesting phenomenon is that when people from all over the country boycotted the PX project, many slogans, vests and masks were also made of PX's "grandson" polyester.

The fierce boycott of the public led to the expansion of China's PX capacity expansion, which exacerbated the critical supply of raw materials.

"Now PX gap is about half, which is a major risk in textile raw materials. If PX relies heavily on foreign imports, it will definitely be a major constraint on the chemical fiber industry." Wang Tiankai, President of China Textile Industry Federation, said. Over time, the high price of PX will inevitably lead to a decrease in the profits of the PTA industry, which is difficult to develop healthfully, and the subsequent capacity supply is not enough.

Cotton circulation system needs urgent reform

Wang Tiankai roughly estimated that under the pressure of high cotton price and high price difference at home and abroad, the production line of small and medium textile enterprises closed last year was more than 10 million spindles, equivalent to the total capacity being shut down during the reform of state-owned enterprises between 1997 and 1999. Roughly estimated, about 100 thousand people left last year. Cotton spinning industry 。

But this is not the survival of the fittest under fair competition. "The lowest price storage and import quota", a planned economic form of cotton circulation system, has hurt the competitiveness of China's cotton textile industry.

In March 2003, the China reserve cotton Management Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "central storage cotton") was established as a policy oriented central enterprise to manage the state reserve cotton. Entrusted by the State Council, the central storage cotton is responsible for the management and management of the state reserve cotton. "Protecting safety and stabilizing the market" is its core task.

"Cotton purchasing and storage policy has a role in stabilizing domestic cotton prices, but domestic cotton prices are still much higher than foreign countries. Our textile industry is not only domestic competition, but also to participate in international competition." President Wang Tiankai said, "if all the leaders of the enterprises are going to manage the cotton, will he still have the energy to manage? Do they still have the energy to reform? Is there any energy to upgrade?"

In the interview, industry associations and enterprises stated that they all supported the protection of cotton farmers, but hoped to change the way of protection, instead of purchasing and storing with direct subsidy policy, reducing intermediate links, narrowing the price difference between domestic and foreign cotton, and making textile enterprises in a more fair competition.

As for the problems faced by the chemical fiber industry, China chemical fiber industry association is also actively taking action. Zhao Xiangdong, vice president of the association, told China Economic Weekly that the chemical fiber industry is also expanding the raw material space, not only to the oil market, but also to develop some new fiber materials (market area), to make up for the lack of cotton textile products and the negative impact on the entire textile industry.

　　 Chemical fiber industry A state-level industrial technology alliance has been set up to develop cotton imitation products, and a prototype of the new generation of complete cotton industry chain has been basically established.

In order to get rid of the upstream constraints, some chemical fiber leading enterprises either cooperate with Sinopec and CNOOC to participate in the construction of PX projects or invest overseas to avoid pressure. Industry leader Hengyi Petrochemical (000703.SZ) started from downstream weaving and is the first private enterprise to enter PTA in China. At the end of February this year, its PX project, which invested 4 billion 320 million dollars in Brunei and produced 1 million 500 thousand tons, has been approved.