Analysis Of The Reasons Behind The Fire In Printing And Dyeing Enterprises

< p > What are the recent < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/" > printing and dyeing enterprise < /a > fire? < /p >

< p > > around 2 p.m. on June 10th, a fire broke out in the printing and dyeing workshop of Hua spinning Limited by Share Ltd, which was located at the intersection of Bohai three road, the Yellow River two road, Binzhou, Shandong.

According to witnesses, the fire is a dyeing and printing workshop.

"When the fire was heard, there was no one in the workshop. There seemed to be no casualties."

A nearby resident said.

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< p > May 15th at 11:30 a.m., Xiangcheng, Henan, < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile < /a > a warehouse of a cotton fire broke out.

It is reported that one of the two injured men who was injured by the collapse of the wall died of invalid rescue and the death of the more than 50 year old man.

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< p > May 4th at 10 a.m., a fire broke out in a workshop at Nanguo textile printing and dyeing company located in Nanguan Town, DAS County, Dazhou, Sichuan province. A large quantity of cotton cloth was burned in the workshop.

In January, a fire broke out in the warehouse of the company, which destroyed a lot of cloth.

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Around P p.m. around 4:30 p.m. in April 19th, a fire broke out in a printing and dyeing enterprise in the industrial park of Sanshui Town, Sanshui, Foshan, Guangdong. The blaze caused smoky black smoke spread over the industrial park for more than two hours and was extinguished. Fortunately, no casualties were caused.

According to the relevant person in charge of emergency management of Datang Town, the fire and textile industry is precision weaving for printing and dyeing enterprises in the industrial park.

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< p > > around 5:30 in the evening of April 5th, a fire and explosion accident occurred in a printing and dyeing workshop located in Longyang textile printing and dyeing Co., Ltd., sun Duan Town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang province.

It is understood that the sudden explosion of the tubing in the printing and dyeing workshop caused more than 600 square meters of burned area and suffered heavy losses.

Due to a large number of printing and dyeing materials and cloth stored in the workshop, the fire spread rapidly.

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P > a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > the printing and dyeing industry < /a > a series of fire accidents, let people think deeply, get the scene of the accident, lose the grief scene of the relatives, cry out crying for help, and remind the printing and dyeing industry - the fire is ruthless.

The fire safety work is not allowed to neglect and paralyze all the time.

Otherwise, it will pay a heavy price and irreparable loss.

So what are the "fuse" of the printing and dyeing enterprises? How can we prevent the fire from "burning" and avoid the tragedy? < /p >

"P > < strong > What are the" fuse "in the production process of printing and dyeing enterprises? < /strong > < /p >

< p > printing and dyeing production process varies according to the varieties, specifications and finished products requirements of the fabric, but there are some differences in the process flow, but the dyeing process generally includes: White - singeing - desizing, boiling, bleaching - mercerizing - preset - rolling color (priming) - reducing soaping - setting, pre shrinking - testing - finished products.

The printing process generally includes: White - singeing - Cooking - oxygen bleaching - mercerizing - preset - rolling color (bottom color) - pattern design - draft - plate making - Printing - steaming - water washing - setting - calendering - pre shrinking - finished products.

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< p > < a href= "http://www.91se91.com" > grey cloth < /a > preparation < /p >

< p > grey cloth inspection and printing section is a more concentrated part of grey cloth. The ignition point of grey cloth is low, and it is easy to cause fire accidents if encountered fire source.

Therefore, the process is strictly prohibited.

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< p > singeing < /p >.

< p > there is a lot of fuzz between the surface of the fabric and the warp and weft yarns woven by the textile mill. Therefore, singeing machines are usually used for singeing.

The method of singeing is different from the heat source used. It can be divided into hot plate burning machine and gas singeing machine.

According to the shape and nature of hot plate, it can be divided into copper plate burning machine, cylinder singeing machine, electric heating plate burning machine and so on. According to the different heat sources, it can be divided into gas singeing machine and oil gas singeing machine. According to the arrangement of the burner, it can be divided into vertical singeing machine, horizontal gas singeing machine and so on.

The process is divided into drying, bristling, singeing and fire fighting.

Ordinary singeing machines are inseparable from open flames. When burning, the cloth is too slow or the temperature is too high.

If the operation is careless, if the baking temperature is too high and the time is too long, the fabric will start to burn.

If the liquefied petroleum gas cylinders and other pressure vessels are burst, the liquefied petroleum gas in the cylinder will leak out, which may cause fire and explosion accidents.

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< p > open width and drying < /p >.

< p > because cotton, yarn, cloth and so on are all combustible materials, and their ignition points are low, they can be quickly burned by heat and fire. Therefore, the fire risk of drying is greater. Especially for infrared radiation drying and hot air drying, gas is generally used as heating energy, such as improper operation, prone to gas leakage.

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< p > heat setting < /p >

< p > setting machine ignition is a common phenomenon in dyeing plants. Many of them are due to the fact that the air pipes are not regularly cleaned up because of excessive flocs in the pipes, resulting in combustion due to higher exhaust temperature and accumulation of grease in the inner walls of the pipes, which aggravates the combustion and severely burns them from the wind pipes to the drying room.

The hot oil boiler room of the molding machine is the location where the printing and dyeing enterprises have more fires.

The heat conducting oil has strong permeability. Due to the problems of welding quality and sealing, the rupture of the tubing and the spray or leakage of high temperature heat conducting oil may cause fires if exposed to open fire.

Excessive carbon content in the heat conducting oil will lead to the formation of a small amount of polymers. These substances may be deposited on the bottom of the boiler and overheated, or deposited on the tube wall and overheated.

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< p > mixing solution < /p >

< p > dyes and dyes are used in dyeing with more dyes. Sulphur dyes, insoluble azo dyes and phthalocyanines have different degrees of harm.

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< p > sulphur dyes can release hydrogen sulfide gas in the process of preparation and process, not only toxic but also flammable.

Hydrogen sulfide gas is heavier than air and tends to accumulate at ground or at low pressure.

Insoluble azo dyes dissolve aromatic amine into hydrochloric amine salt in hydrochloric acid coloring solution and react with nitrite to form a diazonium salt.

The diazonium salt, especially the diazonium salt containing the pin group, is easy to decompose under the action of higher temperature or light.

In dry state, some diazonium salts are unstable, with a slightly larger concentration, being heated or rubbed or impacted and easily decomposed and exploded.

Dust containing diazonium salts can easily burn and explode if it falls on the ground and steam pipes.

For the preparation of phthalocyanine dyes, ammonia and flammable organic solvents should be used in large quantities.

In addition, many flammable dyes are in danger of burning and exploding in open flames.

Auxiliaries, oxidants, strong acids, strong bases and organic solvents used in dyeing are dangerous chemicals.

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< p > printing > /p >

< p > < a href= "http://www.91se91.com > > printing machine < /a > drying unit belongs to high temperature and high pressure equipment.

Flat screen printed aluminum alloy frames are bonded with silk fabrics with toluene, acetic acid, ethyl benzene, ethyl acetate and other inflammable materials.

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< p > steamed cotton fabric steamed by complex chemical changes due to the effect of steam and high temperature to form volatile substances. Volatile components contain a large number of flammable substances such as hydrogen sulfide, aniline, formaldehyde and phenol vapor.

When cooking and mixing or mixing the original paste and color paste, hazardous chemicals such as caustic soda or acid, Taigu oil, sodium nitrite and aniline oil are used.

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< p > there are different degrees of fire risk factors in engraving, photographic engraving and steel core carving.

To reduce engraving is to use vinegar on the flower drum, then use the reduction machine steel needle to cut the wax surface to expose the metal surface of the flower pot to corrode to achieve the purpose of carving.

Modulation and reduction of wax for carving is a dangerous operation. Most of the materials used for making wax are inflammable.

Photo engraving is done by photographing the pattern into a photographic plate. The black heart is printed on the flower barrel by the photosensitive principle, and then the general engraving program is finished by corrosion and chromium plating.

Many chemicals are used in photographic tablets, rollers, developing, fixing and exposing.

Steel core carving needs heat treatment and sodium cyanide quenching.

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< p > finishing < /p >

< p > the main fire hazard of finishing process is finishing machinery and chemical auxiliaries.

The finishing machine, resin finishing machine, calender, electro optic and rolling machine, pre shrinking machine and other finishing machinery all have heating procedures. The main sources of heat are steam heating, gas heating and electric heating, such as improper operation, gas leakage or long time contact with yarn, cloth and flying flowers.

All the softeners contain ethylene imine, which is a toxic and flammable substance.

Formaldehyde in resins is volatile to inflammable substances.

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< p > power failure, thunderstorm, etc. < /p >

< p > sudden power failure in production, circulating oil pump stopped, furnace coal combustion continued, boiler oil temperature continued to rise.

If the oil temperature rises too fast, it will cause the local temperature of the heat pfer oil to be super high and coking in a short time, resulting in overheating of the tube and causing a fire.

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< p > danger of direct lightning strike or lightning stroke on higher buildings in thunderstorm days.

In addition, the lightning wave invasion can cause short circuit, resulting in combustion and explosion.

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< p > equipment installation < /p >

< p > during the production process, a fire is caused by short circuit of electrical circuit, leakage of equipment or spark generated by static electricity.

Electrical installation does not meet the requirements, improper use or aging line damage, can cause a fire.

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< p > layout < /p >

< p > the layout of buildings is not reasonable. The spark or chimney fire of production and life spatter in the billet, storehouse and dangerous goods storehouse, igniting combustible materials can cause fire.

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< p > > a href= "http://www.91se91.com" > printing and dyeing production < /a > pformer, pformer, lighting, cables, wires, electrical control devices used for production process parameter detection, electrical instruments, computers and other live equipment are all fire hazards.

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< p > dangerous goods storehouse electrical equipment explosion protection does not meet the requirements, ventilation facilities are not perfect, may form explosive gas mixture, to achieve the explosion limit, in case of fire, there may be fire and explosion.

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< p > pportation < /p >

When vehicles and machinery and equipment for pportation and loading and unloading materials enter the reservoir area, no fire safety measures are taken. The exhaust pipe fires or the mechanical friction impact produces sparks, which leads to the ignition of combustible materials. P

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< p > < strong > What are the inflammable substances in the raw materials? < /strong > < /p >

< p > grey cloth.

Textiles, especially cotton products, are small in size and very large in contact with air. They can burn quickly once they encounter tiny Mars.

Cotton products can also be self igniting under certain external conditions.

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< p > insurance powder.

Bleach in printing and dyeing is mainly composed of two sodium sulfite.

Even two sodium sulfite is white sand crystal or light yellow powder. The ignition temperature is 250 degrees.

Exposure to air will oxidize and deteriorate. When exposed to water, acids or contact with organic substances or oxidants, a large amount of heat will be released, resulting in severe combustion.

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< p > heat conducting oil.

The heat conducting oil has the characteristics of spontaneous combustion, and the spontaneous combustion temperature is above 250 C.

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< p > hydrogen peroxide.

Bleaching agents in the process of recycling, boiling and bleaching.

This product is nonflammable, but it can react with combustible materials to release a lot of heat and oxygen and cause fire and explosion.

It forms explosive mixture with many organic substances such as sugar, starch, alcohol and petroleum products, and can explode under the action of impact, heat or electric spark.

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< p > acetone.

The steam and air form explosive mixture, which is easy to burn and explode when exposed to open fire and high heat.

It can spread to a relatively distant place at a lower level, and it will lead to reignition in case of fire.

In case of high heat, the pressure inside the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion.

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< p > liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mixed with air can form explosive mixture. It will easily burn and explode when exposed to open fire and high heat.

It can react violently with fluorine and chlorine.

Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread far away from the lower part of the earth.

In case of high heat, the pressure inside the container increases, and there is a risk of cracking and explosion.

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< p > others.

Although some dyes and auxiliary solvents are low in concentration and no fire hazard, if the operator operates carelessly, it will cause fire accidents by mixing and contrasting taboo dangerous goods.

Such as sulfur dyes and strong oxidizer, strong acid, strong alkali contact caused combustion.

The risk of spontaneous combustion increases when sulphur blue, red light sulfide and other dyes contain free sulphur greater than 2%.

Quick coloring is also easy to burn and explode when exposed to fire. Diazonium salt can produce explosion when strong acid acts. There are also many flammable dyes such as direct black K, direct green lotus C, diazo green, acid chrome medium red and some nitro containing dyes, which are also dangerous to fire and explosion when exposed to open fire.

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< p > < strong > how to cut off the fuse in the printing and dyeing process? < /strong > < /p >

< p > burn room < /p >

< p > the singeing room is the key point of fire prevention work of < a href= "http://www.91se91.com > > printing and dyeing enterprise < /a >. The structure of the workshop should conform to the fire prevention standard, at least two grade fire-resistant building should be established, firewalls should be set up and fire doors should be installed between workshops.

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< p > when singeing, the fabric speed should be controlled at 60~150 M / min. The temperature of cloth falling should be less than 50 C. The pmission device and heater should be linked. The speed should be too fast and too slow to alarm automatically, so as to prevent the fabric from being heated for too long.

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< p > fabric seam should be smooth.

Strong, no wrinkles should be cut off, so as to prevent the fabric from burning.

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< p > there should not be too many stacked grey fabrics between the singeing rooms. There should be enough space between the machine and the stacks.

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< p > the singeing machine should have good facilities for dust removal, smoke exhausting and exhausting.

For example, install the vacuum cleaner and the dust collecting duct in front of the woolen machine.

When gas is used, a regular maintenance system for gas equipment should be established, and professional personnel should be provided for maintenance.

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< p > gas pipeline should be equipped with automatic stop device. When stopping, the gas source should be cut off immediately.

Ignition should be carried out quickly to prevent a large number of gas from running out and then ignite.

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< p > when using gasoline vaporizer, flow control must be strengthened, and the mixing pressure in the carburetor should be checked regularly to prevent the explosion at high temperature.

When shutting down, shut down the oil valve and continue the blower to remove the remaining petrol.

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< p > petrol vaporizer should be set up in the explosion proof isolation room which is isolated from fire.

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< p > drying equipment < /p >

< p > the drying of fabrics is very frequent in printing and dyeing production, such as rolling and drying of the scouring and bleaching process.

Continuous heat pad dyeing machine and hot dyeing machine, printing process printing machine, < a href= "http://www.91se91.com" > steaming machine < /a > finishing machine, drying machine, baking machine, steam box and other heating units.

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< p > the heat source of drying is steam, electric heating, gas and oil heating.

Steam heating pipes are not suitable for passing through combustible materials. They must pass through tightly sealed materials such as asbestos at the crossing.

A wire mesh shield should be installed on the heat sink to prevent flying or drying objects from falling on the heat sink to cause combustion.

The heat sink should be smooth to clean up the flying dust and prevent dust accumulation.

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< p > electric heating equipment shall be installed with automatic temperature control instrument, which must be away from the combustible structure for more than 1 meters, and shall be protected by asbestos, bricks and other thermal insulation materials.

It is strictly prohibited to bake on electric heating equipment and heat pipes, and combustible materials should be regularly removed from the heater and flying pipes on heating pipes.

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< p > the power supply line of the electric heating tube should be provided with porcelain tube, and the exposed wiring should be installed with a solid and reliable protective device.

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< p > drying room < /p >

< p > drying room (box) should be equipped with over temperature automatic alarm device, the steam pipe in the drying room should be 2 meters away from the ground, so as to prevent flying flowers and debris accumulation from being ignited.

Both drying and steaming boxes should be equipped with thermal insulation equipment.

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< p > pressure vessel < /p >

There are many kinds of pressure vessels in P printing and dyeing equipment. Besides industrial boilers, there are drying cylinders, boiling cloth pots, high temperature and high pressure dyeing machines, jet overflow dyeing machines, boiling kettle, steamer and so on.

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< p > pressure vessels should use products of qualified professional manufacturers, and after the inspection by the labor supervision department has issued the certificate of use, the pressure vessel can be used, and the annual inspection shall be accepted annually.

The use of pressure vessels should ensure that the safety accessories are sensitive, accurate and reliable.

The safety valve should be checked at least once a year.

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< p > inflammable harmful gas and dust < /p >

< p > a large quantity of flammable harmful gases and dust can be emitted in dyeing production.

Therefore, we should strengthen monitoring and control, regularly monitor the concentration of flammable harmful gases and dust in the mixture and process production places, and control them in the allowable concentration range.

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< p > improve the process as far as possible and replace flammable and combustible dyes and auxiliaries with non combustible and inflammable ones.

And the use of closed production equipment, pmission mechanization to maximize the elimination of running, running, dripping, leakage phenomenon.

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< p > at the same time, we should strengthen ventilation and discharge inflammable and harmful substances.

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< p > isolation operation, the equipment should be placed in the isolation room, and the indoor air quality and negative pressure should be maintained by the exhaust method. At the same time, the operation place should be placed in the isolation room, and the air supply method should be used to maintain the positive pressure indoors and strengthen the ventilation and purify the air.

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< p > safety management < /p >

< p > prohibit naked fire.

If fire is necessary, necessary fire precautions should be taken and fire approval should be carried out.

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< p > electrical safety.

The electrical equipment of scouring, bleaching, dyeing and printing workshop should adopt the safety measures of anti-corrosion, moisture-proof and fire prevention, so as to achieve the electrification of the electrical wiring and the electrical equipment.

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< p > electrostatic process should be set up for electrostatic process.

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< p > storage > /p >

< p > < a href= "http://www.91se91.com > > dyestuff storehouse < /a > dangerous goods warehouse < /p >

< p > printing and dyeing enterprises should set up dangerous goods storehouses to store dyes and chemicals.

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< p > dangerous goods storehouse should be installed at the edge of the factory area, and no combustible material can be stacked within the range of fire safety.

Storehouses should have good ventilation, heat dissipation, wet doors and windows, and ensure that the buildings are cool and dry and must be protected from direct sunlight.

The ground should prevent friction from sparking.

Explosion-proof lighting should be used and electric power switches should be installed outside the warehouse.

The warehouse should be equipped with good lightning protection facilities.

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< p > dangerous goods storehouse should strictly enter and leave the management system, prohibit the vehicles that will cause sparks to enter or approach, and strictly prohibit fireworks or carrying kindling.

Dangerous goods should be sorted and sorted and stored. Stacking should not be too high and should not be stacked against the wall.

Items that can cause combustion, explosion or fire extinguishing are not stored in the same store, such as strong oxidizer and reducing agent.

Dangerous goods such as water powder should be stored on high platform to prevent dampness and flooding during flood season.

No iron tools should be used in the warehouse. Wooden or copper tools should be used to prevent sparks from impact.

The names of dangerous goods should be marked, and the names and numbers of registered items should be hung on the wall for inspection and emergency use in fire fighting.

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< p > finished goods warehouse < /p >

< p > electrical equipment and access management system in finished goods warehouse have the same requirements as dangerous goods warehouse. For example, lightning arresters should be installed outside warehouse.

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< p > in addition, there should be enough fire fighting equipment near the warehouse. Fire alarm and telephone should be installed in the storeroom so as to alarm in time.

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< p > cloth packing should be neat and not too high. There should be a distance of 1~1.5 meters between the stacks and between walls. The distance between stacking and lighting should not be less than 1 meters.

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< p > the finished product is best observed for 24 hours before being put into storage.

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