Where Is The Road Of Shoes And Leather Enterprises?

About 42000000, the small and medium enterprises, whose names are not visible, occupy a pivotal position in the national economy.

Nowadays, these enterprises are experiencing an unprecedented "cold winter". Fortunately, they are not "flowers in the greenhouse".

Through this moment, we can see the hope of long-term development.

"Strong wind knows the strong grass", so that we can grasp the ability of cold resistance as soon as possible so that we can survive adversity.

RMB appreciation, export tax rebate reduction, raw material prices continue to rise......

2008 has become the most difficult year for small and medium-sized enterprises in China.

But the so-called "complaining is too big to prevent bowel movements, the wind should be long enough to look at the amount" too much emphasis on external causes can not solve the current problems.

In early July, Chen Deming, Minister of Commerce in Wenzhou, said to local entrepreneurs that "persistence is victory", which is of great significance.

Zhou Dewen has become the busiest person in Wenzhou since July. It has become the norm of his life to shuttle between Wenzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai and Beijing.

The chairman of the Wenzhou SME Association, which calls itself "grass roots", laments "great pressure".

All that is from the March 28th CCTV economic half-hour broadcast of the program.

This is called "Wenzhou manufacturing", facing a crisis?

After the program was broadcast, the survival of SMEs in Wenzhou began to enter people's perspective.

Since 80s, Wenzhou's private enterprises, which have surged forward vigorously, face the changes of international and domestic situations this year.

Not long ago, reports and discussions on the "closure tide" of Wenzhou enterprises frequently appeared in various media. Not only did Wenzhou and the whole country perceive the seriousness of the problem, they also attracted the attention of the central authorities.

"I do not agree with the argument that Wenzhou enterprises are closing down," Zhou Dewen said, taking out a thick stack of data from his suitcase. "According to my survey, 20% of more than 30 SMEs in Wenzhou are in stoppage or semi shutdown.

But this is the two concept of "bankruptcy". Bankruptcy is a bankruptcy in the sense of law. "Downtime" and "half stoppage" are slow down production and sometimes a strategy.

He believes that some media exaggeration exaggerates the seriousness of the problem.

In the initial report of CCTV, Zhou Dewen did not use the "collapse tide" argument.

But he acknowledges that SMEs in Wenzhou are in danger.

According to the data provided by shoe leather industry, in the first quarter of 2008, 132 of the more than 2600 shoe leather enterprises in Wenzhou were closed down, an increase of 20 over the same period last year.

Some shoe manufacturers moved factories to Sichuan, Fujian and even Southeast Asia and Russia, and some of them invested in the stock market, the property market or the mining field. They quit the shoe making industry. Many people questioned that the "Wenzhou mode" that once used to "take the business to bring workers" has become a "capital guerrilla force", and some small businesses are directly shutting down.

In April, by the Wenzhou economic and Trade Commission, he chaired the "first quarter 2008 Industrial Development Survey". The focus of the survey is the closure of enterprises in the first quarter of each industry.

After a month of research, the Wenzhou Municipal Economic and Trade Commission said that the failure of Wenzhou enterprises 20% was not true. With the key towns and townships as the units, the proportion of bankrupt enterprises accounted for the total number of enterprises, the highest was 12%, and the lowest was 5%.

Why is the gap between the statistics of Wenzhou economic and Trade Commission and the previous rumors so great?

Zhou Dewen explained that 99% of the enterprises in Wenzhou are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the scale is small, so the mechanism is flexible.

A garment industry in Wenzhou also said that more than 2/3 of garment enterprises' orders are in the second half of the year, and there are many small businesses shutting down every year during the first half of the year.

According to reports, the average life expectancy of SMEs in Wenzhou is 4 years, while the life span of SMEs in the world is generally 3 to 5 years.

"Don't be afraid of 20%. It's normal for an enterprise to survive."

Zhou Dewen described Wenzhou's private enterprises as "wild", so they have a strong vitality.

After that, Chen Naixing, director of the SME research center of the Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview that the elimination rate of 5% of SMEs is normal.

The situation is even more serious in some industries. There are thousands of enterprises producing lighters in Wenzhou. At present, there are only a few hundred sales and sales companies. The fastener industry has only about 2000 enterprises in more than 3000 enterprises last year.

At eleven o'clock in the evening, the reporter called Lin Yinyong, the boss of Huaxiang optical glasses factory. He just came out from the conference room which he had negotiated with foreign businessmen and talked all day. Foreign businessmen finally agreed to change the settlement currency into Renminbi.

"In this way, we can barely keep our books," he said. "The cost pressure is very great."

The main raw material, copper, was almost 10 thousand yuan a ton before. Now the cheapest is 60 thousand to 70 thousand yuan per ton. The pportation cost has risen from 3000 yuan per month to 6000 yuan, and the wages of workers have increased by about 15%, which directly led to the increase of 20% to 30% of the cost of products.

Because other glasses dealers did not raise their prices, Lin Yinyong could only hold on to their heads.

Hua Xiang used to sell about 30 million annually, and this year it is expected to decrease by 1/3.

In fact, the economy of Wenzhou appeared to decline a few years ago. "2000 is a turning point."

Zhou Dewen recalls.

By 2006, Wenzhou's GDP growth rate has been lower than the Yangtze River Delta's average level by 1.4 percentage points. In the first half of this year, the GDP growth rate for the first time was lower than the national average growth rate, and fell to the lowest level since 1991.

More and more people realize that the plight of SMEs in Wenzhou can not be entirely attributed to tight monetary policy and the global economic downturn caused by subprime lending in the United States. Some chronic diseases of Wenzhou itself have been exposed.

Wenzhou is a typical regional "lump economy". In a certain area, it concentrates on the production of similar products or products, that is, "one village, one product" and "one Township, one industry".

Although this has brought the reputation of "China skin capital", "China lock capital" and "China Electric City" to Wenzhou, convergence of product convergence and business mode is inevitable.

Most of them are labor-intensive light industry, with low profit margins and low scientific and technological content.

According to statistics, the average profit rate of Wenzhou's manufacturing industry is only 5% to 8%. Like some glasses factories, a pair of glasses sells for more than ten yuan, and the profit is only a few cents or even a few cents.

This year, the cost of energy, labor and raw materials is rising.

On the other hand, the policy orientation of "supporting the good and strengthening the strong" of the government makes the living environment of the small and medium-sized enterprises at a disadvantage.

Under the situation of tight money this year, financing difficulties have become the last straw to crush many small and medium-sized enterprises.

Although monetary policy is not mandatory for specific lending targets of commercial banks, the credit growth rate of small businesses is significantly lower than that of other types of credit businesses in the first half of the year.

"Small and medium-sized enterprises can not borrow money, not banks do not have money, but small and medium-sized enterprises and banks lack of" trust ".

Zhou Dewen said.

Some small and medium-sized enterprises have a weak legal concept. If a contract is signed, it will benefit me. If it is implemented, it will be bad for me.

This makes commercial banks generally do not tend to lend money to small and medium enterprises. They believe that small and medium entrepreneurs are weak in their ability to repay loans, and the risk of loans is high. Small and medium-sized enterprises lack the means of direct financing such as issuing corporate bonds and stock listing owned by large enterprises. They have to turn to private capital such as "underground banks", and the cost of finance is greatly increased.

As Sun Mingchun, chief economist of Lehman brothers China, said, "the credit crunch is a macro policy, and what consequences it will cause on different types of micro enterprises will depend largely on the banking management system."

Some analysts believe that more than 70% of Wenzhou's growth potential is weak, and talent shortage is one of the sticking points.

The small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou are mostly started by family workshops, and they still follow the family management mode after they have grown bigger. Due to historical reasons, most of the small and medium enterprises in Wenzhou are less educated, without systematic modern management knowledge training, and the "exclusion" of family businesses makes SMEs SMEs "natural" exclusion.

In July 14th, when Zhejiang launched the pilot project of "small loan company" in the whole province, the discussion on whether or not the private capital could be incorporated has been on the up and up. Contrary to the great enthusiasm shown by the media, some of the parties appear surprisingly calm and even disappointed.

I'm not ready to declare!

The threshold is too high! "

A Wenzhou private enterprise manager who once said that the government set up a "small loan company" was somewhat angry.

According to the regulations on the pilot operation of small loan companies in Wenzhou (Interim), the main sponsor of a small loan company is not only a AAA enterprise of business credit management, but also a local private key enterprise with good management, good credit and strong strength.

To put it bluntly, manufacturing enterprises are the highest value and tax paying companies.

Not only that, from top to bottom, access conditions are "overweight", from registered capital to annual profit rate, growth rate, debt ratio and so on, all have strict rules, many small and medium-sized enterprises are daunting.

In principle, every county (city or district) has only one quota, and the province has added 5 places to Wenzhou's special care. However, a total of 16 tickets will still be difficult to conceal the situation of "too many people and few people".

"The political comparison is too strong. It is not like a" backbone "enterprise if it is not declared.

Zhou Dewen said with some reluctantly.

Following the pilot of CHINT, Delhi and other leading leaders involved in microfinance companies, many local enterprises have come back from difficulties.

More importantly, it blocks the main body of private lending, such as guarantor, pawn, and other "private financial personages".

Wenzhou has 600 billion private capital and private finance is very active.

"So called" private finance "is a gray area that wanders on the edge of the law and is not protected by law.

But it develops along with the development of private economy in Wenzhou. It has been an objective existence as a supplement to regular banks.

Zhou Dewen believes that the positive meaning of Wenzhou's private finance can not be obliterated, while the biggest obstacle for small loan companies to incorporate private capital is the "dissociation of the main body".

"To make private capital go underground from the ground to the ground, in the long run, it is allowed to set up private banks such as community banks, village banks, small business banks, and so on, and increase the pace of financial opening to the interior."

According to Zhou Dewen, village banks have been pilot in Changxin and other places, and he is very optimistic about their prospects.

Yao Xianguo, Dean of the school of public administration of Zhejiang University, also suggested that financial control should be loosened and private financial institutions should be allowed to establish legally and operate freely.

The Zhejiang government has made it clear that a reputable microfinance company can be restructured into a village bank.

This is also the reason why many enterprises are eager for small loan companies. It is understood that some guaranty and pawnbroking companies adopt the way of "bundling" with the private backbone enterprises, with private enterprises as the sponsors, and strive to get a share.

On the other hand, many manufacturing enterprises also want to use this as a springboard to enter the financial field.

Some people say that Wenzhou people are not "real estate" or "fried coal", but "stir up money".

In September, the first small loan company in Wenzhou will be formally established.

Though with many doubts, it is a useful test for private capital to get out of the ground.

To earn legitimate money through legitimate channels is the wish of many private capital, and the small loan company is the beginning of getting rid of identity crisis.