Us Redefines Labor-Intensive Industries

The seemingly new and highly professional new industrial revolution has actually begun to infiltrate in our lives. The first 3D printing studio in China is said to have been opened in Xi'an. In the future, printing with this new technology will not be a flat photograph, but a stereoscopic "microfilm". The size and expression are determined by the technical parameters required by your photo. In the movie "the twelve Chinese Zodiac", there is a section of fake animal heads coming out of the cage, that is, the remote input of the car's data, and the rapid prototyping of the car using 3D technology.

All these phenomena point to the fact that the era of high dependence on production and labor force is coming to an end. The Shi Liangping workshop of Shanghai Customs College, which undertook the strategic research of Shanghai International Trade Center, held a special seminar recently to focus on how China should deal with it. Experts at the conference held that the new trend of development in the manufacturing sector has always been a new trend. Labor-intensive industries For China's manufacturing industry, its impact is not a bit small.

　　 What is the essence of "re industrialization" in the United States?

　　 U.S.A What do you want to do? Is it just a part of the manufacturing sector to reflux, just to increase some jobs?

The famous American Boston consulting company has done research to study the rise of labor costs in China's coastal areas. According to the study, if the growth rate of labor cost is in accordance with the current trend until 2020, it can be estimated that it will approach the labor cost of the least developed states in the United States, and with the increase of transportation costs, they believe that many processing trade enterprises will be cost-effective to return to the United States. This time, the eighteen Party of our party put forward that the per capita income of urban and rural areas will double in the future. If this goal is to be realized, the labor cost of our country will be greatly improved in the future, which will have a great impact on processing and manufacturing.

In fact, the US's careful study of the cost of production and processing is the basis for redefining labor-intensive industries. In the traditional labor-intensive industry, labor is the main provider of production. In the future, with the advance of the new technological revolution, producers can not be human beings, but machines, or robots. It may cost less to build a robot than to use one person, but if a robot can replace 10 people or even 100 or 1000 people, then such an alternative is obviously efficient and economical. It is also based on this substitutability that the United States should redefine labor-intensive industries and products from technology and endow labor-intensive industries with a new connotation.

Rui Mingjie, Professor of management at Fudan University, believes that under the impetus of digitalization and intellectualization of manufacturing industry, the United States will spare no effort to regain and maintain the leading position of the world's manufacturing industry. Under such conditions, in order to solve the employment problem in China, the processing trade links need to be brought back to the United States through technical carriers. The United States plus the European Union is the world's largest market and the most important export market for China. This will have a great impact on the form of processing trade and the entire manufacturing industry in China. "It is an important issue worth studying."

It is reported that the United States has made a reserve of talents for "re industrialization". The American Manufacturing Association has made four ambitious goals: first, to become the world's best manufacturing investment destination; two, to maintain the leading position of the manufacturing industry, to provide a large number of high-end manufacturing; three, to regenerate the world's first share of its manufacturing products; four, to train world-class leaders in manufacturing industry. To this end, the United States has taken many measures, including MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and world manufacturing enterprises to foster high-end manufacturing complex talents.

　　 China must also change its concept and not leave it with the old and new theories.

Past discussion Improvement trade Upgrading and changing the cage, changing birds, mainly focus on the products that are manufactured are "traditional products" or "high-tech products". These two concepts, traditional products mainly refer to our traditional industries and products, such as shoes and caps, bags, textiles and garments, furniture and toys. High and new technology products, such as electronic products, computers, etc. Duan Jinghui, a doctor at Shanghai Customs College, noted that some scholars believe that the transformation and upgrading of processing trade is to let enterprises abandon the production of clothing shoes and hats instead of producing notebook computers. Because traditional products are often considered to be low technology, low added value, high energy consumption, high pollution, rough machining and labor intensive, on the contrary, high and new technology products are often considered to be low energy consumption and high added value. In fact, there are great misunderstandings here.

Traditional products are generally necessities of life and industry. From a global perspective, the demand for traditional products is very large, and it is also our traditional export product. According to foreign media reports, all the fireworks and more than 60% sporting goods in London 2012 were produced in China. At present, China occupies a high international market share in the traditional processing trade products. In 2011, the total value of our exports of traditional commodities amounted to US $385 billion 760 million. Although high-tech industries or strategic emerging industries must develop vigorously, they do not mean replacing traditional products. What we need to do is to promote traditional industries and products to improve their grades and added value. "Only backward technology, no backward products", necessities have unlimited market potential.

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Duan Jinghui suggested that we should use new and high technology to upgrade the grades of traditional products, use new raw materials, absorb new technologies, develop new functions, create new processes, and increase the high added value of traditional products.

Traditional products can set goals for higher quality, more humanized design, more environmentally-friendly and "smart" advanced products. For example, the urban public transport system, the international emergence of a 100% low floor tram, its floor is only 20-35 centimeters high, is only equivalent to the height of one or two steps of the ordinary building, the elderly up and down is more convenient and safe than the ordinary buses nowadays, and is very close to the aging urban needs. This tram has the advantages of convenience, energy saving, environmental protection, low noise, applicability, relatively short investment in subway and short construction period. It is understood that more than 140 cities in more than 30 countries have launched the low floor tram system. He Jun, a senior vice president of SIEMENS China, told reporters that many cities built low floor trams into city cards, specially designed the car front models that could represent the city's image. Xi'an, China, has deliberately built the tramway system of the ancient capital. China South car (601766, stock bar) Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Ltd signed the 100% long floor cooperation tramcar long term cooperation agreement and the technology licensing agreement with SIEMENS in June 2012 and became the first enterprise to introduce this technology in China.

Another example of "low end" is toilet paper. Some public toilets clearly require "toilet paper into the basket", because toilet paper is of good quality, thick and strong, and easy to plug toilets. However, the used toilet paper emits peculiar smell and bacteria in the wastepaper basket, and the burden of environmental sanitation is increased by garbage disposal. When reporters traveled in Japan, they found that the water solubility of the household paper was very good. All the used ones were thrown into the toilet, and the rubbish was greatly reduced. Production of water-soluble, durable paper is not also a good product for the country and the people.

　　 Three ways of self improvement

The traditional processing trade concentrated areas in China are exploring the way of transformation and upgrading difficultly. Experts from economics have concluded that they are Dongguan mode and Suzhou mode. Jin Fang, deputy director of the Institute of world economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, has also put forward a Ningbo model.

The three models are based on their inherent conditions and embarked on the road of differentiated transformation. According to Dr. Yao Haihua of the customs Institute, Dongguan's processing trade pattern is "incoming processing". The enterprises are mainly based on Hong Kong businessmen and Taiwanese businessmen. They are small in size, take orders in Hongkong, sell them to Dongguan, sell them, and Dongguan's functions are equivalent to a production workshop. The main body of the processing trade in Suzhou is the larger foreign-owned enterprises. The situation is more optimistic than Dongguan, because with the headquarters of multinational corporations settled in Shanghai and Suzhou, the core technology is expected to move inland, and the upgrading of the local industrial structure is also expected to be achieved through the trade mode based on the imported processing, such as Suzhou. If Dongguan's processing trade enterprises do not migrate to the areas where the labor cost is still low, it is necessary to change the form of enterprises first, and then focus on the new industries of local planning, and innovate independently, thus becoming a link in the new industrial chain. The Ningbo model observed by Jin Fang is closer to the Dongguan model. A large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have developed their production capacity through the development of share orders. The difference is that orders come mainly from local large enterprises and have little relationship with foreign capital. Most of the processing enterprises in Ningbo registered their own brands and tried to develop them to brands.

The three models are identical, proving that China can not divestiture manufacturing industry for the time being "transformation and upgrading". The "re industrialization" of the United States should be regarded as a good news for "made in China". As long as we can climb up the two sides of the smile curve and occupy a longer value chain, manufacturing is by no means a sunset.