Inventory Of Cotton Production Mechanization Contains The Main Technology

"P > < strong > 1. Cotton sowing mechanization technology < /strong > /p >

< p > (1) the technique of mechanical sowing and sowing is < /p >

< p > Technical Overview: mechanical mulching and sowing technology can accomplish many operations such as leveling terrain, planting, fertilizing, suppressing, laying film, covering soil, sowing, covering soil and so on.

Plastic mulching cultivation technology for cotton planting can increase soil moisture, water storage and drought control, inhibit weed growth, protect and promote root growth and development, early maturity, increase yield and improve cotton fiber quality.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1., the laying of membrane is flat and close to the ground. The depth of the buried film is firm and the depth of the film edge is 4-6 cm. The leakage rate is less than 5%. The breakage rate is less than 2%, the adhesion degree is more than 85%, and the light intensity is narrower than the 40% wide film is larger than 80%. < /p >

< p > 2. the amount of 2-3 sowing per hole was 70% larger than that of the bunch seeding, and the number of seedling protection plants in the narrow plastic film per mu reached 10 thousand -1.2 million plants. The number of seedlings with wide film mulching reached 12 thousand -1.3 10000; the seed breaking rate was less than 1%; the row spacing deviation was less than or equal to 2 cm, the hole spacing deviation was less than or equal to 0.5 cm, the hole rate was less than 3%; the sowing depth accords with the agricultural requirement; the hole dislocation rate was less than 5%, the seed was uniform, the soil was well covered, and the compaction was firm.

< /p >

< p > 3. fertilization should reach the prescribed amount of fertilizer and depth of fertilization, and the fertilizer will be uniform.

Deep application of seed manure requires seeding at the same time to apply fertilizer to the soil below the seed or under the 3-5 cm thickness of the soil layer to reach the fertilizer stratification.

< /p >

< p > 4.. The thickness of the hole is 1.5-2 cm, and the hole leakage rate is less than 5%. < /p >

< p > 5. the conventional mechanized cotton planting pattern mainly adopts one membrane four rows, two membranes eight rows, three membrane twelve rows, one membrane six rows, two membrane twelve rows, 5 wide and narrow row configuration wide film or ultra wide membrane high density film mulching cultivation method.

The planting pattern of mechanically picking cotton mainly adopts a wide film or super wide membrane high density mulching cultivation method with four rows, two membranes and eight rows, and three films and twelve rows. The row spacing must be 66-76 centimeters, and the pfer line must be 66 centimeters. The deviation should not exceed + 2 centimeters, so as to suit the picking distance of the cotton picker.

< /p >

< p > (two) Precision Seeding Mechanization Technology < /p >

< p > Technical Summary: precision seeding technology of cotton is seeding technology for on-demand seeding on film, and can accurately achieve agronomic index of one hole, one grain or two grains.

The mechanized precision seeding of cotton can complete many operations such as furrow, fertilization, precision seeding, film mulching, placement of drip pipe belt, compaction and soil covering at one time.

< /p >

< p > increasing production and increasing efficiency: < /p >

< p > 1. save seeds: precision seeding technology can reduce the amount of cotton seed sowing from original semi precision seeding to 4.5 kg / mu to 2 kg / mu today, saving 2.5 kg on average.

< /p >

< p > 2. to reduce labor intensity: the technology is convenient for the whole process mechanization of cotton production before, during and after delivery, and the planting mode of cotton precision sowing has created favorable conditions for the realization of machine picked cotton in the future.

< /p >

< p > 3. has good yield increasing benefits: the application of precision seeding technology can effectively improve the growth environment of cotton seedlings, give full play to the cotton production advantages, and promote the early emergence and seedling growth of cotton seedlings, so as to increase cotton production by more than 3%.

< /p >

< p > 4. saves labor and reduces costs: the average cost of artificial seedling releasing, soil sealing and seedling setting is 60 yuan per mu.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1. sowing in time: when the temperature below 5 cm deep below the surface or membrane reaches 10-12 degrees Celsius, it can be sowed.

< /p >

< p > 2. sowing accurately, seed evenly: sowing depth of 3-4 cm, precision seeding for one hole and one grain, hole rate is less than 3%. < /p >

< p > 3.. The broadcast line is straight and the row spacing is the same.

< /p >

< p > 4.. The planting and neatly laid on the top of the ground are uniform and consistent.

< /p >

< p > 5. the plastic film meets the technical requirements, with a thickness of more than 0.008 millimeters.

Both sides of the plastic film are buried in the soil 5-7 cm, spreading flat and tightly on the ground. The film is hard and solid, and the coverage is less than 5%.. It is to increase the film surface of the cotton side and increase the mechanical recovery of the residual film. Generally, it is wide membrane (more than four rows of film), and the most lateral cotton row spacing is generally less than 10 centimeters.

< /p >

< p > < strong > two, mechanized cotton picking technology < /strong > /p >

< p > (1) cotton picking technology of horizontal spindle picking machine < /p >

< p > Technical Summary: cotton picking technology of horizontal spindle picking machine is a comprehensive technology for harvesting cotton main products (seed cotton and stiff stiff cotton) by means of mechanization.

Its core technology is cotton picking machine with high efficiency and advanced machine cleaning cotton processing equipment.

< /p >

< p > increasing production and increasing efficiency: < /p >

< p > 1. cost saving: at present, the price of machine harvested cotton per mu is 180 yuan. If the cost of 300 kilograms of cotton per mu and 2.2 yuan per kilogram per mu is calculated, the cost of collecting flowers per mu will be 480 yuan.

Moreover, the machine picked cotton can reduce the number of picking flowers and reduce the shortage of flower picking workers.

According to statistics, the annual harvest of a cotton picker is equivalent to 500 artificial picking quantities, which greatly reduces the number of flower picking labor, and avoids many social problems caused by employing large numbers of migrant workers every year.

The popularization of machine picked cotton will greatly reduce the cost of picking flowers, and greatly increase productivity and save labor.

< /p >

< p > 2. drives the development of other related industries: cotton harvesting mechanization technology is a comprehensive technology involving cotton breeding, cultivation, textile and other disciplines.

The promotion and application of this technology can greatly promote technological progress in cotton breeding, cultivation and textile, and promote the efficiency and upgrading of related industries. This will have a positive impact on the adjustment of industrial structure and the coordinated development of social economy.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1. when the machine is harvested, the cotton picker's walking route must be correct. No cross seeding machine should be allowed to sow and harvest, so that the center line of the line should be aligned with the picking center line.

< /p >

< p > 2. strictly control harvesting speed. When the cotton plant is normal (60-80 cm) height, the working speed is 5-5.5 km / h; when harvesting low cotton below 50 cm, the operation speed should slow down, and can not exceed 3.5 km / h. If the speed is too fast, the lower cotton will easily leak and increase the loss rate.

< /p >

< p > 3., under the premise that the impurity content of seed cotton can not be more than 10%, the cotton picking components should be appropriately adjusted to improve the net production rate.

< /p >

< p > 4.. Timely grasp the maturity of cotton harvested in cotton fields, arrange the harvest time reasonably, and collect the cotton pickers in mature cotton fields.

< /p >

< p > (two) refers to the rod type cotton picker < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > cotton picking technology < /a > /p >

< p > Technology Overview: self propelled finger type cotton picker is aimed at the demand of cotton production for harvesting mechanization. Combined with the economic level of China's cotton production area, a new type of cotton harvesting machinery has been developed, which can adapt to different cotton planting modes, and has no simple structure, superior performance and low cost.

In the way of farming and production, it is suitable for the medium and small scale of cotton growing in China and the demand for cotton cultivation and harvesting.

< /p >

< p > increasing production and increasing efficiency: < /p >

< p > the rod type cotton picker has changed the picking principle of other cotton pickers. The processing and manufacturing of the cotton picking device is simple, which greatly reduces the production cost in the production of the cotton picking device. The cost of purchase is about 300 thousand yuan, which is suitable for the existing rural economic level and purchasing power.

< /p >

< p > artificial hand picking cotton costs 2.2 yuan / kg and 300 kilograms of cotton per mu to calculate the harvesting cost. The cost of collecting cotton by hand is 660 yuan per mu. The price of picking cotton per mu by the horizontal spindle picking machine is 180 yuan, and the price of the cotton picking machine is 120 yuan per mu.

The cost of picking flowers per mu is 540 yuan, which is 60 yuan more than that of using horizontal spindle cotton picker.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1. in order to improve the efficiency of cotton picker production, it is generally required that the length of the picking block is 100-200 meters and the area above 20-30 mu can be operated mechanically.

< /p >

< p > 2. requires that the diameter of the cotton plants harvested can pass through the finger bar gap, and the diameter of the base of the main stem does not exceed 18 millimeters, and the diameter of the picking point does not exceed 14 millimeters. Otherwise, the cotton plant will be uprooted, resulting in poor harvest.

< /p >

< p > 3. plant height is controlled between 90-100 cm, not more than 110 cm; fruit branch is short, flocculation force is compact, plant type is compact; leaf removal rate and spore yield are greater than 90%. < /p >

< p > 4. to increase picking effect, cotton pickers should be selected for the harvest angle. Generally, the best harvest is 90 degrees or 45 degrees.

< /p >

< p style= "MARGIN-TOP: 0pt"; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt "class=" p15 "> span style=" font-family: "Song body"; "span"; "" "" ">" < < > > "song"; ";"; "

< p > < --EndFragment-- > strong > three, < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > mechanization < /a > residual film recycling technology < /strong > /p >

< p > Technology Overview: Mechanized residual film recovery technology is using residual membrane recovery machinery to recover the residual film on the cotton field and the residual film remaining in the plough layer over the years.

The recovery of residual film in cotton fields can be basically divided into three categories according to agronomy requirements and operation time: first, recovery of surface residual film at seedling stage; two is recovery of residual film on the ground surface before tillage; three is recovery of residual film from cultivated layer after tillage (also can be divided into two kinds of residual film recovery in the plough layer and two residual film recovery before planting).

< /p >

< p > increasing yield and increasing efficiency: after removing the residual film in the farmland, the seeds will germinate and germinate. The roots of the crops can also absorb more nutrients and water. At the same time, the removal of residual film is more conducive to the operation of the machines such as sowing, fertilizing and field management, so that the crops can be increased.

After the autumn, straw crushing and residual film recycling technology will also bring cotton and other crop stalks to the fields, ploughing and turning them into the soil, which will help improve soil organic matter and nutrient content, improve soil physical properties, and improve soil biological activity, and have obvious effect of increasing production.

The removal of residual film also improves crop quality and reduces the harm to animal husbandry and rural environment.

More importantly, it can effectively reduce the white pollution of the soil, and has great ecological benefits for the protection of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1. the technology of straw crushing and residual film recovery after autumn: for the crops (such as cotton) that were laid in the same year, after the harvest in the autumn, the combined operation of crop stalks crushing and returning to field and mechanization of harvesting film should reach more than 80%.

< /p >

< p > cotton stalks returning to field and remnant membrane recovery combined machine can complete straw crushing and returning to field once a year, and the surface residual film is picked up into the box to be packed and manually loaded and pported.

< /p >

< p > 2. recovery technology of residual film in crop seedling stage (before head water): in order to carry out residual film recovery mechanization operation for the film laying crops (such as cotton), the residual film recovery rate should reach more than 80%.

< /p >

< p > 3. residual film recovery technology in the plough layer: for residual film in the plough layer over the years, combined with autumn ploughing and spring ploughing (crop sowing), residual film recycling operation was carried out.

It mainly uses the membrane machine, the plough and the soil preparation machine equipped with the membrane teeth to collect or pick up the remnant membrane in the 10 cm surface and the topsoil. The recovery rate of the residual film should reach 20% in that year.

< /p >

< p > the plough (or combined soil preparation machine) equipped with residual film cleaning mechanism can collect or pick up residual film in the plough layer by manual plough (or site preparation).

< /p >

< p > strong > four, mechanized harvesting < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > seed cotton < /a > pretreatment technology < /strong > /p >

< p > Technical Overview: MQZ-4 site cotton seed pretreatment machine can effectively remove the impurities such as deadlock, leaf dust, dust and sterile seeds in hand picking cotton; remove impurities such as Bell shells, cotton stalks, leaf dust, dust and other impurities in machine picked cotton, improve seed cotton grade, and finish the cleaning work before the machine pick cotton enters the hand picking cotton processing plant, so as to achieve effective docking between machine picked cotton and hand picked cotton gin factory.

< /p >

< p > increasing production and increasing efficiency: when the machine is used in machine cotton picking process, a multifunctional cotton seed cleaning machine can completely replace the machine picking cotton seed cleaning production line composed of three single machines, namely the clean seed cotton cleaner, the recovery seed cotton cleaner and the inclined seed cotton cleaner.

It can effectively reduce the wind and circulation links between seeds and equipment, equipment installation cost, workshop equipment space and equipment management personnel.

< /p >

< p > technical points: < /p >

< p > 1., the machine can be installed in the new cotton ginning workshop, or it can be used as a machine for cleaning cotton seed cotton cleaning machine. It is suitable for pre cleaning of machine picked cotton before entering the cotton processing plant.

< /p >

< p > 2., the machine can be used for machine cotton picking, quick picking cotton and hand picking cotton processing and cleaning through simple adjustment.

< /p >

< p > 3. processing capacity should reach 4 tons / hour. Once cleaning can reduce impurity content 77% and two times, cleaning can reduce impurity content 88%. < /p >

< p > 4. during the whole process of mechanization of cotton production, we need to strengthen the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy technology. We must integrate the agricultural machinery and agronomy technology in cotton varieties, planting patterns, field management and unified harvesting.

Cotton cultivation technology should not only ensure the high yield of cotton, but also adapt to the operational requirements of cotton harvesting mechanization.

< /p >

< p > suitable area: suitable for cotton planting in the whole country.

< /p >