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Foreign Trade Accounting Experience To Make Your Work More Smoothly

2014/8/9 23:00:00 27

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Foreign Trade Accounting Experience Work Smooth

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 1. Some basic situations of foreign trade enterprises 
 nowadays, most foreign trade enterprises are mainly agents, but the nature of business is agent, accounting is based on proprietary business accounting, .
 "false self employment and genuine agency". Under this premise, the accounting statement reflects to a large extent not the essence of economic business, and many financial analysis indicators lose their true meaning here. Such as inventory, foreign trade enterprises usually fail to see the goods. To put it simply, acting foreign trade enterprises are just a circulation center for bills and funds, which is a machine for collecting foreign exchange, paying machines, and a tax rebate machine. Service awareness is very important in all sectors of foreign trade enterprises, but this is a foreign language. 
 because of the need for export tax rebates, each export business is linked to each accounting link of export business through an associated number (or invoice number, contract number), which facilitates the calculation of tax refund, and at the same time facilitates the cost verification of each business (the best choice of financial software is professional foreign trade financial software). Therefore, cost accounting is usually based on individual identification (with correlation number). 
 two, error prone areas and improvement suggestions 
 1, inventory and export value-added tax is a weak link in export accounting 
 for export business volume is not large, accounting personnel sufficient foreign trade enterprises, strongly recommended through invoice authentication, strengthen the accounting of export inventory and input tax. That is, the certified value added tax invoices of that month are accounted for in the month, and inventory and tax are confirmed. Uncertified invoices do not confirm inventory and input tax, or as estimated purchase. In this way, we can check whether the amount of book storage and the entry tax are consistent with the amount on the certification list, so that we can find out the errors in the month and reduce the occurrence of false accounts. 
 2, obtaining the tax rate of 6%, 4% and ordinary invoices issued by the tax bureau, it is very easy to make an account of 17% VAT invoices when making the sales accounting, which may lead to more export tax rebates and more tax refund costs. Therefore, when the subjects are set up, it is best to set up an extra level, "export value-added tax - input tax - entry 6%", "export value-added tax - input tax - 4%". When checking the usual accounts, pay more attention to whether there is a mistake here. 
 3, when the export tax rebates are received, it is necessary to carefully calculate whether the tax refund actually received by the alteration batches is consistent with the tax rebates on the books. Usually there is a difference. Check the reason and make account processing in time. For those who can not handle the tax refund, they have already made tax refund on the books. Don't accumulate problems over time. In this regard, in fact, the special financial software for foreign trade can provide a good write off function. If not, it is better to contact the software supplier for a very useful function. 
 gross margin of export of foreign trade enterprises is generally low (except pure proprietary business and quota advantage). Slight negligence in business operation and slight changes in objective environment (such as exchange rate changes and export tax rebate policy) will lead to the loss of export business. Moreover, nowadays, foreign trade enterprises have tried out the reform measures of contracting to the head of the business department. The profits and losses of the business departments directly affect the payment of bonus for the business department. If the Finance Department of a foreign trade enterprise does not strengthen the budget and verification of the cost of export business, it will certainly encourage the business sector to "make profits" so as to make more bonuses, thereby affecting the overall interests of the company. 
 a simple, direct and effective way for the business sector to make profits is to lag behind the export cost, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating profits within a certain period. 
 in some foreign trade accounting books, it will be mentioned that "in order to accurately calculate export profits and losses, foreign freight, insurance premiums and commissions should be withdrawn before the end of the year's accounting accounts are prepared, and the foreign freight, premiums and commissions that have not yet been paid for the current period should be deducted." 
 but it is too late to do the work at the end of the year. Bonus is basically calculated monthly or quarterly, and when the book profit is rising, the bonus that should not be sent has entered personal pocket. Usually, the book profit of the enterprise can not reflect the real profit level of the enterprise, which is extremely unfavorable to the company's overall planning budget. Moreover, a domestic cost problem is ignored here, which adds to the above adverse effects. 
In order to solve this problem, the Finance Department of foreign trade enterprises should strengthen the budget and verification of the export business cost and expenditure in order to solve this problem. 
 1. Every export business must be cost budget, and the extra budgetary cost is .
 no payment. 
 foreign trade enterprises should establish a strict cost budget system, and require the business departments to make a clear budget for each cost of each export business (according to contract number, invoice number or associated number). The gross margin or exchange cost is basically determined. The expenses are originally very clear. In many cases, the financial accounting is not in place, and accounting for the convenience of payment and the realization of the cash basis can only result in unrealistic profits. ) In time, the profit and loss situation and cost of foreign exchange spanactions will be reflected, and the extra budgetary expenses will not be paid in principle. 
 for foreign carriers: 
 when making export accounting, according to the cost budget sheet approved by the business department, when confirming the export sales revenue, it is also recognized that (at the same time) the foreign insurance Service Commission (or the carrier may first confirm the sales revenue). Because the document is not yet complete, it has not made the export sales office, but the carrier has already paid the bill, and has confirmed it on the book, and be careful not to repeat or mention it. Predelivery of Insurance Commission: 
 Loan: main business income - self export income - carrier insurance (scarlet letter) 
 Loan: payable to foreign exchange account (blue word) .
 domestic cost: 
 similarly, in making sales account, advance confirmation is made according to the cost budget approved by the business department. 
 borrowing: operating cost > .
 Loan: withholding cost 
 after this treatment, most of the water in the business sector's book profits will be drained away. However, we should attach great importance to the issue of enterprise income tax. 
 the domestic expenses that have not yet been paid, and the invoices that have not been paid, are certainly not allowed to be paid at the end of the year when the enterprise income tax is settled. Therefore, before the end of the year, the prepaid expenses must be checked to see whether the balance is still unpaid. Even if the enterprise income tax is withdrawn, the prepaid expenses that have not been paid up this year shall be adjusted to increase the taxable income. In the past year, the accrued expenses paid this year shall be disposed of to reduce the taxable income. 
It is not clear from the tax law that the foreign insurance service providers who have not yet paid the fees can deduct the tax at the end of the year when the enterprise income tax is settled in P. 
 tax law says, "except for tax laws and regulations, the confirmation of pre tax deduction generally should follow the following principles: 1, accrual basis principle; 2, matching principle; 3, related principles; 4, certainty principle; 5, principle of reasonableness". The withholding of foreign insurance agents is consistent with these principles, but the tax law also requires effective proof of credentials. Invoices and payment documents have not been paid due to the payment, so the enterprises can provide relevant contracts as supporting materials. This is a common practice of foreign trade enterprises. Interpretation of policies and regulations will sometimes vary from person to person. If the tax authorities raise objections, enterprises can also make relevant defenses. 
 two, strengthening cost check up /p >
 this work can be realized through professional foreign trade financial software. Professional foreign trade financial software will customize the profit and loss statement (or cost check list) according to each export business (according to contract number, invoice number and correlation number). Through monthly check this form, we can find problems in business operation or financial accounting in time. 
 this management concept is brought to the company by the chief financial officer. In fact, this is not something new, but it has not attracted enough attention before. But this is definitely a "strong pill" for business departments accustomed to "making profits". To implement this idea in enterprises will surely damage some of the established interests, so it is very important to implement or implement it. Now, when reviewing the export tax rebates, the tax rebate authorities have relatively clear stipulates on the cost of foreign exchange swap. Therefore, the name of the tax authorities is now a good opportunity to implement. 
 this article is dedicated to the chief financial officer who has left the company! 
 four whistle 
 * * on Taxation of export goods by foreign trade enterprises * * 
 "Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the issue of export enterprises failing to declare the refund (Exemption) of exported goods within the prescribed time limit": [2005]68 of the state tax code: 
 1. Foreign trade enterprises shall declare the export tax rebates from the tax rebate Department of the competent tax authorities within 90 days from the date of export of the goods (the export date specified on the declaration of export goods as specified in the declaration of export duties). Except for those with other provisions and special reasons, the tax authorities of the competent tax authorities shall make tax declarations and calculate the amount of output tax after approval by the tax authorities at or above the municipal level. Where the above goods belong to taxable consumer goods, they shall also be declared according to the relevant provisions of the consumption tax. 
 two. Foreign trade enterprises shall calculate the amount of tax payable or calculate the amount of tax payable for the above goods according to the following formula. .
 (1) calculation formula of general taxpayer's output tax 
 output tax = (FOB price of export goods * foreign exchange RMB). (1+ statutory VAT rate) * statutory VAT rate 
 (two) the formula for calculating the taxable amount of small scale taxpayers is .
 tax payable = (FOB price of export goods * foreign exchange Renminbi price) (1+ collection rate) * levy rate 
 six, this Circular shall be implemented from May 1, 2005. " 
 export tax on VAT can be divided into the following five categories: 
 1, export earnings excluding export (Exemption) tax; 
 2, the export earnings of the production enterprises whose documents are not equal to the prescribed time limit; 
Export earnings of foreign trade enterprises beyond the prescribed time limit after 3 and May 1, 2005; 
 4, the contract settlement system for the export of foreign aid shall be levied on the basis of the "internal total contract price" of the contracting enterprise. 
 5, and other regulations require the export revenue of goods subject to taxation. 
 the export (Exemption) tax goods stipulated by the export enterprises of foreign trade enterprises will not be subject to taxation until May 1, 2005, when they do not declare tax rebates or do not declare the export tax rebates, that is, the tax exemption for export earnings, and the tax paid by the purchased goods will be spanferred to the cost. 
 tax since May 1, 2005, which is regarded as a tax on domestic sales policy in accordance with the provisions of [2005]68. 
 policy is related to the taxation of export goods, but there are still many unclear and difficult places to operate, but foreign trade enterprises must make necessary preparations in advance and do the work ahead. 
 first, the time of execution of taxation is less than /p.
 after the export of foreign trade enterprises, the export revenue accounts are made according to the provisions of the financial system. Because the documents are not equal to the prescribed time limit, they need to be taxed. The specific execution is carried out according to the time of export income accounts or the uneven expiration of the documents. In Guangzhou, I have consulted the tax refund department, the tax administration branch and the collection sub Bureau in this area, but neither of them can give a definite answer. Finally, it is only an oral reply from the tax refund department. When they issue the tax notice to the enterprise, the enterprise only raises the output tax, and at the same time, the tax notice also conveys the collection sub Bureau, which is verified by the collection sub Bureau for the calculation of the enterprise output tax. But this is definitely a local policy. There must be a great deal of discrepancy. Maybe the policy will change tomorrow. 
 Second, tax deductible export sales income deduction problem 
 according to the stipulation of Taxation, enterprises must deduct the goods after they have been certified, and this can be done in domestic enterprises and export manufacturing enterprises, but there are operational difficulties for foreign trade enterprises. The reason is that the accounting and export of foreign trade enterprises are separately accounted for. The duty payable for export is recorded in the export tax payable - value added tax payable, not participating in domestic sales or tax deduction, but is subject to certification. Since the certification is required to be deducted according to the current period, foreign trade enterprises have not participated in the deduction of the imported tax after they have been certified, because at that time they did not know whether to levy taxes or not. 
 however, since my export revenue and the state should be regarded as domestic sales tax, then the corresponding tax input should be allowed to be deducted by the state. 
 the question is, finally, an oral reply from the tax administration department of this district: in the period when it is necessary to calculate the output tax, the enterprise shall write a written report on export to domestic sales, and report it to the competent taxation department and the taxation department after approval. The enterprise shall be allowed to make the tax which has been approved before, but when the value added tax is declared as the export goods tax, and the amount of the export goods that is "temporarily deductible" shall be re established as the "current deduction" so as to solve the problem of deduction. 
 however, this practice is in violation of the provisions of the current period of certification for the current period. This practice must be standardized in the future. 
 this problem also extends the issue of invoice for goods purchased by foreign trade enterprises. 
Some foreign trade enterprises before P know that the export goods will not receive tax rebates, they will accept the general invoices provided by the suppliers, but once there is a problem of levying taxes on export goods, foreign trade enterprises will have to bear the burden of no deduction. 
 therefore, the purchase of goods, whether tax rebates or not, will be required to provide VAT invoices, which are the best protection for foreign trade enterprises. One can prevent the risk of counterfeit tickets, and the second is to solve the problem of deducting the export tax. 
The value added tax invoice, which is less than P, will be taken part in the certification whether it is tax rebate or not. This is also necessary. It can not be because the goods do not refund tax, but not the certification of invoices. The work of financial personnel must be done in advance.