India Textile Printing And Dyeing Industry Set Off Shutdown Tide

With the acceleration of global economic integration and industrial pfer, the textile industry has been developing rapidly in many emerging countries.

In the past two years, due to the continuous rising of labor costs in China, the pressure of environmental protection promoted by enterprises, and some other comprehensive factors, China's textile industry has become more and more important.

Competitive advantage is gradually weakening.

Textile printing and dyeing industry in India, Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia and other countries are facing a certain impact and threat to China's textile and dyeing industry by means of low labor costs and so on.

In order to understand the competitors' situation, our association organized 10-19 member enterprises to inspect textiles in India and Sri Lanka on December 2015.

Although the survey failed to reach the level of penetration, there were still some superficial understanding of its social contacts.

Textile printing and dyeing in India

The textile industry is a very important industry for India, which accounts for 6% of GDP in the whole country, 20% of industrial output and 17% of total exports, and 40 million of the population in China directly or indirectly engage in textile and garment industry, second only to those engaged in agricultural production.

The textile industry in India is mainly concentrated in the industrial center - Mumbai area.

Mumbai's position in India is equivalent to that of Shanghai, which was in the early stage of reform and opening up. In the British colonial period, the textile industry has a relatively good foundation. In recent years, the textile industry has been greatly developed through large-scale pformation.

The development of the textile industry in Mumbai has benefited from its industrial concentration and relatively developed economy. Many India financial institutions have their headquarters in the Southern District of Mumbai, and many foreign banks and financial institutions have set up branches in the region.

The area has obvious advantages, convenient pportation, next to the Arabia sea and Mumbai Bay. It is a natural harbor with good shelter from wind. The railway network and highway network are interlaced densely, and there are international shipping and aviation lines.

Mumbai is located on the west coast of India, with numerous rivers and lakes, and many alluvial plains around it.

Suitable climate, moderate humidity, warm air, suitable for cotton and linen growth.

The population of the Mumbai metropolitan area, which includes the neighboring suburbs, is about 25 million, with abundant labor force.

The city of India is known for its "dirty, messy and poor". Even the capital city of New Delhi is far inferior to the prefecture level city of our province, even worse than the counties and cities with better hygienic condition. However, we can not think that the efforts of the India government to protect the environment are not as good as ours. From the recent collection of information, the pressure of the India government on the environmental protection of the textile and dyeing industry is also large enough, which is mainly reflected in the requirements for printing and dyeing water and wastewater treatment.

The textile industry's demand for water resources will continue to grow for a long time. Textile industry water will face more intense competition from agricultural water and domestic water.

In order to better cope with the water resources crisis, the government of India has formulated a clear national water efficiency target, striving to increase by 20% in 2020 (based on 2005).

The government said that the adjustment of water price will be one of the important means to achieve this goal, so the high water consumption industries are preparing for the increase of industrial water prices in the next few years.

In addition, the central pollution prevention and Control Bureau of India has recently decided to implement the zero discharge regulations for eight major water polluting industries in nine states where water resources are relatively scarce, hoping to effectively control the large-scale water pollution problem caused by key industries.

The new code means that factories will be required to stop discharging sewage to natural waters, which requires recycling.

Since the implementation of the new code, strict demands have aroused strong repercussions and criticism from the textile industry.

According to the requirements of the new code, all textile enterprises producing more than 25 tonnes of sewage in China and Japan, including printing and dyeing, cotton processing and wool processing, must have facilities to achieve zero discharge capacity of sewage, including enterprises in the park (75% of all government funds).

In addition to restrictions on sewage discharge, the new regulation also has more stringent requirements for sludge production and treatment.

In view of the current technological conditions and costs, a number of small and medium-sized enterprises will be forced to close because they can not afford equipment renewal and operation costs.

If there is no special case, no underground water will be permitted if the enterprises meet the requirements of zero discharge of waste water.

For example, for India textile enterprises with water consumption of 100 tons per ton of textile products, the zero discharge of sewage by standard means that the cost per ton of products will increase by about 300 euros, accounting for about 15% of the cost of the products.

The implementation of this new standard is widely considered to be a historic step in India's long term management of key industries.

Before that, there were a large number of textile industrial parks and scattered.

Because the sewage discharge is shut down, for example, in the textile industry, TamilNadu, its economic status is equal to Jiangsu Province, Maharashtra (Maharashtra, Mumbai is its capital) and Gujarat (Gujarat, its economic status is equivalent to that of Guangdong Province, Prime Minister modi).

The implementation of the new standard is expected to bring great constraint to the growth and survival of the textile industry (especially small and medium-sized enterprises).

In 2008, Tamil Nadu became the first state in India to implement the mandatory sewage zero discharge regulation of textile enterprises.

In 2011, as a large number of enterprises in the state were unable to meet the requirements of the regulations, the Boni court carried out a 18 month shutdown and renovation work on all textile enterprises in the state.

A large number of enterprises were forced to close or migrate to other areas. Only a few enterprises have been successfully reformed and achieved the requirement of zero discharge of sewage.

Many brands say suppliers who choose to meet the zero discharge standard of wastewater can enhance the brand's awareness of environmental protection, and it is also an effective way of supplier risk management and control.

Tiruba (Tirupur, an important producer of knitwear in India), Erode (a region in tamnadu state, mainly textile and dyeing industry), India, Salem (Salem), Namakkal and Karur and other textile industries in the south are relatively concentrated, and water shortage areas have long been regarded as the focus of regulation by the government, and centralized sewage and solid waste treatment facilities have been established with the support of the government.

At present, most large enterprises have basically met the government's requirements for zero discharge of sewage, but small and medium-sized enterprises are still one of the most important sources of groundwater pollution.

As one of the ways to upgrade the textile industry, there are also many textile industrial parks in the south of India, such as the Cuddalore textile park, located in TamilNadu, led by the Southern textile industry association of India (for large enterprises), and the Ramanathapuram textile park (for small and medium-sized enterprises).

In Uttarakhand and Harry Yann Bong (Haryana), the State Bureau of pollution control has issued instructions to Boni textile enterprises, requiring enterprises to submit a sewage zero discharge plan in 2017 within a month.

Ganges RIver - the mother river of India, across the entire territory of India, is regarded as one of the most sacred rivers in India.

Since last year, the government of India has further intensified the implementation of zero discharge of sewage, thanks to the commitment made by the current government of India in the general election to thoroughly rectify the water pollution in the Ganges RIver River Basin.

On May 2015, the circuit judge of the India National Green Court (NGT) ordered the 739 textile enterprises in the Jodhpur and Balotra areas to be closed down.

The shutdown order was issued according to the central sewage authority's report on the centralized sewage treatment facilities of the enterprise.

The report recommends that all production enterprises should immediately use RO membrane treatment system to improve wastewater reuse and arrange the facilities and sites needed for evaporation treatment.

Prior to that, China's textile and dyeing industry knew little about the development of India's printing and dyeing industry. In October 2015, the Jiangsu textile industry design institute took part in the bidding for the wastewater treatment project of a textile industrial park in India. At that time, the hospital used the physicochemical, biochemical, and double membrane technology commonly used in China's printing and dyeing enterprises as the basis for its design, but did not know that the local had been included in the printing and dyeing wastewater zero discharge, so it could only be fruitless.

Sum up

Through preliminary understanding of India, we have the following experiences:

(1) compared with us, there exists labor force quality and vertical horizontal industry chain in India, which are not as strong as those in China. At present, social development still has a gap of 15-20 years with us.

(2) the textile industry in India is developing rapidly. The main advantage of our textile industry lies in the low labor cost and the opening of the United States, the European Union and Japan to its comprehensive market.

(3) although the competitiveness of China's textile industry has been weakened, it still has strong competitive advantages. As long as efforts are made to strengthen enterprise management, attach importance to product development and attach importance to environmental protection, the advantages of China's textile industry can still be maintained.

(4) our country does not know much about the development of competitors such as India, especially the practice that India has promoted the zero discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater in nine countries. We should pay attention to collecting and drawing lessons from their successful experience.