The Battle Of Shanghai In The Eyes Of A Textile Worker

Organize the struggle to protect factories

At the end of 1948, the three major battles were not over. The Kuomintang authorities had a premonition that the losing battle had been decided, that is, desperate struggle, trying to carry away stolen goods and hidden goods as much as possible, and unscrupulous destruction of all important materials and important production and construction facilities that were too late for pportation, trying to sink the Communist Party in the plight of the economy.

The East China Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has made timely strategic decisions to protect the city, meet the liberation and insist on production, and put forward the slogan of "anti destruction, anti relocation and anti slaughter", leading the people of Shanghai to carry out the struggle to protect factories and schools, and prevent the enemy from sabotaging them, so as to cope with all possible accidents and meet the liberation.

The party organization of the Shanghai Federation of people's organizations has rapidly implemented the party's instructions. It believes that the struggle against destruction and anti relocation is directly related to the vital interests of the whole city (603883), and it is also related to the future takeover and reconstruction.

In order to legitimately use the slogan of "maintaining social order and preventing bad people from disrupting and disrupting", the factories, enterprises and schools generally set up factories for protecting factories and schools, advocating that "machines are the lifeblood of workers" and "protecting factories is to preserve their jobs", so that they can closely combine the protection of factories with the protection of people's lives and property, and soon form a mass movement.

Under the call of the underground party organization, the factories and enterprises in the city are the backbone members of underground party members, workers' associations and activists.

In order to make it difficult for the enemy to detect the factory struggle, it was organized by the Communist Party of China's underground party. The names of the factory teams were different. Some were called picket teams, some were called fire brigade, some were called ambulance teams, some were called repair teams.

The factory's action is to protect workers' fruits of their struggle, so they are supported by workers. Hundreds of people attend every factory. They take turns watching duty day and night, patrol and guard against enemy destruction.

Taking into account that the activities of the factory are also beneficial to the management, it has been agreed and supported by the head of the management, allowing the factory to carry out public activities.

Because Huang Bao Mei's women workers are not strong enough to meet the requirements of joining the factory, they are basically male workers.

But under the leadership of the trade union, the workers have been keeping in touch with the factory teams. Once there is a case, the factory will arrive at the scene within 5 minutes and join the workers in the struggle against destruction and relocation.

One day, more than a dozen large military trucks of the KMT joint logistics headquarters attacked and opened to the seventeen factory of the China spinning mill.

The factory side stopped the truck and sent people to inform the workers in the workshop.

The workers on the morning shift immediately stopped their work or shut the machine out of the workshop immediately after hearing the news. Huang Baomei, who was only 18 years old, followed the old master of the spinning room. He rushed to the factory gate and made up thousands of people's walls with his workmates to block the gate.

The workers raised their fists and shouted in a loud voice: "the factory is our rice bowl, cotton is our food", "we must carry cloth and take cotton for it".

Some of the workers quietly pulled out the tire valve when the soldiers did not pay attention.

Some workers even moved big stones from the roadside to the front of the wheel.

The Kuomintang officers and soldiers who were escorting the car did not know what to do.

The officers in the army were not willing to go back to work. They waved their pistols to intimidate the workers. They knew nothing about the workers. They did not eat the same thing. They were fearless and straightened up. "Cowards, they would only take a gun to frighten the unarmed workers," and "if you have one, fight with the PLA," and whoever dares to shoot will smash his head.

Frightened by the unity of the workers, the officers in charge did not dare to violate the public anger.

The two sides had a stalemate for a while, and the workers were determined not to shrink back.

The leader of the army was at a loss what to do, so he had to order a long empty car to drive away.

After all, the workers are using their flesh and blood to stop the relocation and destruction of the Kuomintang authorities, and there is a certain risk of life.

In order to avoid the conflict between relocation and anti relocation, the CPC's underground party organization approached Gu Yuying, general manager of China Textile Corporation, and asked for "taking in raw materials and finished products" as the delivery conditions.

Gu Yuquan, a textile machinery manufacturing expert, sympathized with the people and sympathized with the revolution, and agreed to the conditions put forward by the trade union.

According to the outcome of negotiations with the China Textile Corporation, it is decided that the raw cotton of each mill should be guaranteed for more than a month or more, otherwise the finished product must not be released from the factory.

In order to mobilize the people to the maximum extent and meet the liberation of Shanghai, the CPC's underground party decided to set up the underground armed command headquarters under the leadership of the Shanghai people's Association Federation. It was appointed by Shen Han as the General Commander and publicly known as the Shanghai people's security team.

The people's security team takes the underground party members as the core and the members of the Federation of industry and commerce as the backbone and absorbs a number of activists.

In addition to continuing to protect factories, schools and public facilities, the specific task is to assist the PLA in maintaining local order, monitoring war criminals, disintegrating enemy troops, and collecting weapons.

The people's security team is divided into combat teams, propaganda teams and ambulance teams according to their mission characteristics.

After the establishment of the people's security team, a unified command of the various protection organizations on the market is carried out.

The people's security teams of each factory take units, schools or districts as units, and establish teams, squadrons and brigades according to the number of people.

Each team has 10~20 people, 4 teams are a squadron, 4 squadrons are a group, and a number of teams are a team.

The city has set up 6 regional teams: East, West, South, north, middle and Pudong.

In order to facilitate the unified command and recognition of the PLA soldiers, we must also prevent enemy agents, stragglers and hooligans from looting and fish in troubled waters. The general headquarters of the people's security corps issued a unified logo of cloth, white and scarlet in early May. The armband of the people's Security Association of the Shanghai people's organization association, the people's propaganda team of the Shanghai people's Federation Association and the Shanghai people's Federation rescue team were distributed to the districts.

And stipulates that in addition to the official wear of the people's security team, the propaganda team and the armband of the ambulance squad, all the other underground armed forces in other names will be disarmed and taken to the nearby people's security team headquarters.

At this point, the factory guards team carried the unified armband of the people's security team and made public activities in the factory area and near the factory area.

Huang Baomei came into the factory and watched the factory members wearing the armband of the people's security team. He was very proud of his patrols in the factory.

Because most of the members of the factory are male workers, and the workers in the spun rooms are all male workers. Therefore, the maintenance of the machines can help the women workers to solve the problems themselves, and try not to bother the men who join the factory.

From that time on, Huang Baomei began to learn how to fuel and maintain the spinning machine, and unconsciously discovered that the broken spindles and rusty ring travellers were prone to breakage, which laid the foundation for her invention of "spindle repair" after liberation.

With the deepening of the struggle in the factory, there are frequent contacts and cooperation between workers and staff. The common fate brings together two different classes.

At the beginning, most workers could not figure out the workers and staff union protection factories. They felt that those staff members used to stand on the opposite side of the workers in order to safeguard the interests of the factories, but now they are fighting against the Kuomintang authorities together with the staff.

For this reason, the backbone of the trade union and the plant protection team has done a patient and meticulous ideological work to explain why the staff allowed to join the factory and to ensure that the staff must be united in order to ensure the rapid recovery and development of production after the liberation of Shanghai.

Last but not least, we have a unified understanding. In the days when we worked together in the factory, the relationship between workers and staff has been greatly improved, and they are united, friendly, close and cooperative.

Lined up road to welcome liberation

In April 20, 1949, the Kuomintang authorities refused to sign the national peace agreement. Mao Zedong, chairman of the Chinese people's Revolutionary Military Committee and Zhu De, commander of the Chinese people's Liberation Army, issued an order to march toward the whole country.

On the morning of 21, the second and third field army of the Chinese people's Liberation Army crossed the Yangtze River and destroyed the Kuomintang army's long line of defense for more than 3 months.

On the 23 day, Nanjing was liberated and the Chiang Kai Shek Dynasty was destroyed.

In April 26th, when the Kuomintang army failed in defeat, Jiang Jieshi took the "Taikang" warship from Zhejiang to Shanghai.

The next day, a military and political official was called up to deploy defense in Shanghai. He planned to continue to rush to pport gold, jewellery, and a large number of important materials and equipment stored in the bank, and conspire to destroy the entire Shanghai in gunfire.

The people of Shanghai are facing a severe test to defend Shanghai against destruction.

In mid May, the PLA completed its encirclement against Shanghai's defenders, and the more than 20 national officers and soldiers became a fish in the mud.

But at the same time, the Kuomintang authorities' crackdown on the workers' movement was also more crazy.

The "ten kill order" signed by the Kuomintang Shanghai garrison commander Townebo is placed on the gate of the factory factory, on the fence and on the poles, and the activities of all the people's organizations are strictly prohibited throughout the city, especially the activities of factory guarding teams in various factories.

In May 14th, China textile company sent to its subordinate factories, said: "it is ordered that the three measures of the Shanghai protection zone are not necessary at present, and that the unit has already set up a factory group to stop immediately."

Obviously, we need to ban the factory teams.

And some of the bad elements in the factory saw the machine running around and robbing the workers. They shouted to the workers, "don't be too angry. Watch out for your head", "go to the factory gate to see the notice", "who wears the armband of the factory guard, and beware of the death."

The darkest hour is that before the dawn.

The members of the individual factory members were not firm in their determination and were shaken and frightened under the pressure of the Kuomintang authorities.

Faced with the increasingly severe situation, the CPC's underground party has changed its strategy and adopted the way of "loose internal tightening", so that the factory members can choose to wear armbands.

Of course, most of the members of the factory are still not afraid of the intimidation of the Kuomintang authorities. In addition to keeping a close watch on the scope of protection within the division of labor, they even come to the factory to protect the factory on Sunday.

Next to the seventeen factory of China spinning is the most important public utility unit in Shanghai, Yangshu power station. The tall chimney, which is known as the No. 1 chimney in the Far East, can be seen clearly every day.

When Huang Baomei's mother saw more than 100 KMT officers and soldiers stationed at yangshpu power plant on the side of the road, and put the machine guns and mortar guns on the roof of boiler 5 on Linjiang, and prepared to close the Huangpu River with intensive firepower and prevent the PLA from coming from Pudong, they could not help worrying about their daughter's safety: "Bao Mei, this is really going to fight. Bullets do not have long eyes. Will they fly to your factory?"

Huang Baomei was also not sure: "mama, I'll ask the factory team."

The next day, when I got home from work, Huang Bao Mei laughed and said, "mama, don't worry, the problem has been solved.

The captain of the power plant protection team intimidated the commander of the national army, saying that the boiler No. 5 was the largest high-temperature and high-pressure boiler in the Far East. If there was a stray bullet, it would cause a big explosion, and within a few miles, it would be razed to the ground.

After listening to the captain of the factory team, the company commander's face suddenly turned white and stammered to order the machine guns and mortar to be removed from the roof.

Through the united struggle of the factory and the workers, the relocation plan and destruction plot of the Kuomintang authorities were smashed.

The machinery and equipment were kept intact, and under the leadership of the underground party, the workers took the enemy's artillery fire and held their posts to ensure the normal supply of electricity, gas and tap water.

At 7 p.m. on May 27th, the people's security team of several factories around the power plant and so on, and the PLA captured the last stronghold of the Kuomintang in Shanghai -- Yangshu Pu power plant, and Shanghai was liberated.

On the second day, there was no gunfire in the urban area.

Huang Baomei and her sisters gathered in the workshop, whispering and talking.

At this time, the factory side had no intention to care about the production. Therefore, no one came to supervise and manage the production. Some spinning cars were idling. Some simply stopped.

All of a sudden, someone came in to report, saying that the great army of Liberation Army was about to be opened.

Hula hula, the whole factory workers with small red flag, running out of the factory gate, lined up on both sides of Yang Shu Pu Road, to meet the winner of the master.

The roads were crowded with people, and the sound of drums and drums and slogans rose one after another.

In a moment, the crowd exclaimed: "here we come. The PLA is coming."

Huang Baomei first saw two huge human faces in the distance.

On the other hand, they were leaders of the Communist Party, Zhu Mao.

Behind the man's head is a neat PLA team. The soldiers, armed with guns, stride in vigorous steps, walk in the air and walk with dignity.

The people on both sides of the road waved frequently to the soldiers, applauded loudly, cheered loudly, threw flowers into the soldiers, and sprinkled colored paper to the soldiers.

After welcoming the PLA troops, the workers spontaneously organized and organized a procession to celebrate the liberation of Shanghai.

The parade of joyous cheers held red flag and placards.

The cheers of "Celebrating the liberation of Shanghai" and "warmly welcome the people's Liberation Army" were heard all over the sky.

Huang Baomei and her little sisters cheered and leaped, and their voices were a little hoarse, and their hands were tingling slightly.

The PLA entered Shanghai without any offence.

After the liberation of Shanghai, according to the instructions from the Communist Party of China East Bureau, the PLA General Front Committee and the third field army, the ninth Corps took part in the guard task in the song Hu area and served as Songjiang city defense.

In order to successfully complete the security task and preserve the fruits of the revolution, the regiment issued 12 political orders, and issued instructions to the party committees at all levels (including the branches) about how to guarantee the implementation of the political and ideological issues from the organization after entering Shanghai. In addition, the officers and men of the armed forces had generally studied "Thirteen rules for entering the city", "Ten Rules of the foreign code", "thirty-five rules of military discipline" and "twenty-eight principles of entering the city" before entering the city.

The Hudong area is the most important industrial area in Shanghai. Several major utilities in the city are located in Yangshu Pu, so the PLA stationed in Yang Shu PU.

From time to time, we can see PLA soldiers in the area of Dinghai bridge.

On the way to work in the morning, Huang Baomei can see the PLA soldiers sleeping in the street.

The PLA soldiers on duty went to the public to be friendly, friendly and friendly.

Peacetime troops do not enter houses, do not live in houses, do not disturb the public, the mule horse baggage and the kitchen does not enter the urban area.

Because there were no utensils at meal time, the PLA soldiers used the cartridge boxes for cooking baskets, helmets for vegetable pots, and sometimes only one meal a day.

However, no soldier was given private gifts and private property.

Before the value of the currency was specified, the troops did not buy anything in the shops. Even the food and drinking water was sent to the urban areas outside the dozens of miles away.

Seeing all this, the mother of Huang Bao Mei felt great emotion: "the soldiers educated by the Communist Party are excellent.

I have never seen such a good army.

Bao Mei, Nong will never be wrong to listen to the Communist Party.

The Light Industry Department of the financial and economic takeover Committee under the Shanghai military Regulatory Commission took over 19 cotton textile factories in Shanghai original spinning company as planned.

The PLA military representatives stationed in China Textile seventeen factory.

Since the identity of the underground party members in the factory has not yet been disclosed, the military management committee will first prepare for the trade union after taking over. In this way, the party organization can organize the whole factory workers to carry out activities through the trade union system.

Organizing the July 6th celebration parade was the first large-scale event after the establishment of the factory union.

In July 6, 1949, to celebrate the liberation of Shanghai, nearly one million soldiers and civilians in Shanghai took to the streets and held a grand parade.

On that day, the weather was clear and very hot.

Early in the morning, a group of workers, students and citizens held flowers and banners. They beat the drums and drums and constantly poured into the streets. They played Yangko songs and played waist drum. The wonderful celebration program was accompanied by firecrackers, which made the whole Shanghai boil.

The celebration of liberation began at 9.

The 3 American grenade artillery regiment made up of the people's Liberation Army siege troops, a daily mechanized motorized regiment, and a beautiful mechanized motorized regiment, rumbling forward in a mighty and powerful procession.

At the forefront is welcome to the drum squad of the PLA.

Next, the soldiers of the cavalry regiment cling to the shining saber and run through two columns.

When the tank car and the helmet helmet soldiers were carrying guns on the road, the citizens on both sides of the road beat drums and firecrackers. Some of them even got excited to climb up the tanks, hung red stars, colored stripes and pennant for the soldiers, and put some pot on them to offer "liberation cuisine" to the officers and men in the city.

The happy parade grew longer and slower.

Because the factories in Yangshu Pu area were too crowded, the brigade and the floats could not move for a long time.

While waiting, the textile workers are not idle, performing Yangko, waist drum, live newspaper drama and so on.

For the first time, Huang Bao Mei fully displayed her literary and artistic expertise before the public.

In the afternoon, it suddenly railed heavily, and the workers could join the PLA in the rain, no matter how wet they were.

The demonstration didn't come to an end until midnight.