Jiangsu Releases The Income Status Of Front-Line Workers In Textile Industry

In recent years, the salary level of textile industry is generally low, and there is a big gap with the expectation of employees. At the same time, enterprises are generally faced with difficulties in recruitment, retention and loan. Some enterprises choose to "go out" to invest in central and western regions, Southeast Asia or Africa. From July to November this year, Jiangsu finance, trade and light textile trade union, together with the provincial industrial workers development research center and the Provincial Textile Industry Association, organized a special research group to conduct in-depth investigation and Analysis on the income status and wage level influencing factors of more than 3000 employees in 78 enterprises in the textile industry. A few days ago, "Jiangsu textile industry in 2021 income survey report" was released.

There are more than 7200 Textile Enterprises above Designated Size in Jiangsu Province, with more than 3.5 million employees. The total volume of textile industry ranks first in China for 37 consecutive years. The data obtained from this survey reflect the internal relationship between the income of employees and the difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees. It provides the basis and reference for the industry and enterprises to further promote the decent work of employees and promote the healthy development of the industry.

The monthly income of employees is 4739 yuan

Among the 3138 employees surveyed (including questionnaire survey and telephone follow-up visit), the annual average wage payable in 2020 is 63817 yuan, which is 5882 yuan higher than that in 2019, an increase of 10.2%, and an average monthly wage of 5318 yuan. The average wage paid in the whole year was 56872 yuan, an increase of 5709 yuan or 11.2% over the same period of last year, with a monthly average of 4739 yuan.

In 2020, 30% of the sample employees hold the skill level certificate, and the median annual wage paid is 60000 yuan, 5000 yuan more than that of the employees without certificate. The higher the qualification grade certificate held by the employees, the higher the actual salary. The income gap between those who do not hold the certificate and those who hold the Junior Certificate is not obvious, which shows that the influence of holding the certificate on the income is small.

The survey found that the income level of 5-10 years of working experience was the highest. In 2020, the median actual wage of employees of different age groups will reach the highest value of 58000 yuan at the age of 31-40 years, while it will decrease in the age of 41-60 years. It mainly reflects the policy that the enterprise income distribution inclines to the workshop line.

The social insurance paid by textile enterprises in the whole province has basically reached 94.4%. More than 90% of the employees' enterprises pay for the "five insurances", of which 62.1% pay for the provident fund, which is 10.8% higher than that in 2019.

In 2020, 80% of the employees in the province signed labor contracts with enterprises, of which the contract term of "more than 3 years (inclusive)" accounted for 43.4%, followed by "less than 3 years", accounting for 32.5%, and "no fixed term" accounted for 24.1%. In the labor contract, the details of the salary system, such as base salary, performance bonus, commission and year-end bonus, are mainly "agreed", accounting for 24.4%; The second was "only the amount of the basic salary was agreed, not involving the agreed bonus, year-end bonus and other contents", accounting for 16.7%.

According to the survey data from 2018 to 2020, it is found that the income of employees keeps unchanged compared with the previous year; 60% have increased; Compared with the decrease, the income increased by 3.2%, mainly due to the impact of the epidemic.

In view of carrying out the reform of industrial worker team construction, most of the employees are full of expectation, accounting for 74.2%. In addition, 15.6% of workers think it is difficult to improve the status of industrial workers. Only nearly 10% of the employees think that they can't do it "indifferent". The vast majority of workers in the textile industry hope to improve their status through production reform.

As for the current most expected point of employees, more than 80% of the employees said they want to increase their wages, followed by 7.8% of them want to improve their skills, and 4.6% of them want to narrow the income gap with the staff of government and public institutions. It can be seen that at present, improving the income level of the front-line workers in the overall textile industry is still the voice of most employees.

There is a gap between the income level and the staff expectation

In the past three years, the average annual growth rate of employees' wages is more than 10%, which exceeds the average wage growth index of employees in the whole province. But at the same time, the data shows that the average wage in 2020 is 63817 yuan, which is far lower than the average wage of 106034 yuan of non private employees in the whole province. Moreover, this wage level is still based on overtime work which is prevalent in the textile industry. Therefore, the actual wage standard may be lower. The low wage level leads to the low evaluation of the satisfaction of the employees to the wages. A number of data show that the employees have a strong expectation of increasing the wages. The survey data show that there is a positive correlation between the income level of employees and the education level of employees, indicating that the higher the education background, the higher the salary, which has a guiding role in improving the quality of employees at the entry stage. However, the improvement of vocational skill level is an important aspect of improving the quality of employees. The sample data shows that the income of high skilled workers is significantly higher than that of non skilled workers, but the wage difference between unskilled and junior workers is not obvious, and there is even a wage inversion between technicians and senior technicians in some enterprises, As a result, the income satisfaction of high skilled workers is lower than that of non high skilled workers, which will inevitably affect the enthusiasm of employees to upgrade their skills.

The characteristics of the staff group with the highest income in the textile industry in the province are as follows: those with bachelor's degree, technician qualification certificate, 5-10 years of service and 31-40 years of age. For employees over 40 years old, with the increase of length of service, their wage income has not been increased synchronously. However, in real life, the living expenses of these employees are increasing, which directly affects the improvement of the quality of life of employees and the stability of the staff team. Therefore, although the staff turnover will be reduced in 2020, 40.9% of the employees still choose the option of "depending on the situation" in the question of "whether they are willing to continue to work in the textile industry". This shows that they are lack of confidence in long-term employment, lack of development opportunities, and dissatisfaction with the salary level is an important reason.

The social security payment coverage rate of textile enterprises in the whole province is relatively high, and the "five insurance" insurance can be basically realized. However, the vast majority of employees pay according to the lower limit of social security payment base, and less than 20% of employees pay according to all wages payable in recent three years. This may not have a great impact on the income of employees in the short term. However, when employees retire, the income gap between enterprises and government organs and institutions is bound to widen further, resulting in potential unstable factors, which is contrary to the principle of common prosperity.

It is difficult to recruit, retain and loan, and the operating pressure of textile enterprises is increasing

According to the survey, the income of textile workers is affected by some factors. The depreciation of the US dollar has weakened the export advantage of textiles, and the price of ocean transportation has soared, making it difficult to find a cabinet. Therefore, many textile enterprises have to set up factories in Southeast Asia and Africa. Affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, "home office" and "do not go out when not necessary" have restrained the consumption demand and slowed down the growth of domestic demand and export; The price of cotton and other raw materials fluctuated at a high level, the price of finished products could not rise synchronously, and the energy and power were tense. Textile enterprises in the whole province used electricity at staggered peak in large areas, and some regions cut electricity to limit power supply, which made enterprises dare not accept orders. Textile enterprises have been faced with difficulties in recruiting and retaining workers for a long time. Labor costs such as staff training have increased, and the operating pressure of textile enterprises has increased. All of these will inevitably shift the pressure on workers.

In recent years, the emission standards of printing and dyeing industry have been continuously improved, forcing enterprises to carry out technical transformation; From January 2021, the minimum payment base will rise from 3800 yuan / month to 4250 yuan / month, and the payment cost of "five insurances and one fund" will increase by 26%; It is an important way to alleviate the difficulty of recruitment and improve the production efficiency to transform the green and digital workshop to the direction of "specialization and innovation". However, the profit of textile enterprises is thin, and the banks strictly control the loans of textile enterprises. The difficulty of recruitment and loan restricts the development of enterprises.

The income of textile workers is only 80% of that of manufacturing industry, and the income gap between textile industry and financial industry, it industry and government institutions is widening; 63.5% of the employees were paid according to the "lower limit of social security payment base", even if they retired, they still "entered the bottom of the society"; The factors such as low wage and more overtime make young people flinch from the textile industry and the age gap of the staff; Some enterprises have extensive management, and there are "ceiling" of income expectation and career development.

There are many migrant workers in textile enterprises in the province, 82.8% of them have high school education or below, and 70% of them have no qualification certificate; Low end textile industry overcapacity, serious homogenization of products, and even fight price war with each other; In addition to some well-known brands, many enterprises are OEM processing, low added value products; Some enterprises have outdated equipment, backward technology, high noise and dust in workshops, and low labor productivity; A considerable number of enterprises rely on overtime to work hard for time and manpower. As long as they do not change jobs, they will not take the initiative to increase the wages of employees.

We should effectively enhance the sense of gain of employees and promote the realization of decent work

The reform of industrial workers team construction proposes to improve the economic status of industrial workers, and textile workers are eager to increase their wages. However, this work involves a wide range of areas, and the joint efforts of all aspects are needed. Some suggestions are put forward.

We should strengthen the top-level design and enhance the international competitiveness of the textile industry. At present, China's total textile output ranks first in the world. We should seize the opportunity to voice our voice in the international market through textile industry associations and trade unions, and enhance the international pricing power and standard setting power of textile products; In view of the problem that the United States and other western countries boycott "Xinjiang cotton" products, countermeasures should be formulated to ensure the normal production and operation of textile enterprises and the employment of textile workers, so as to avoid textile enterprises from fighting alone or even suppressing prices with each other in the international market. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of textile brand, lead enterprises to gradually change the status quo of OEM processing, and realize the transformation from a large textile province to a strong textile Province, and from a large textile country to a powerful textile country. Through brand building, we should increase the added value of products and expand the profit space for employees to increase their wages. It is necessary to improve the entry threshold of the textile industry, and prevent the new low-end production capacity from forming vicious competition through the examination and control of technology content, green development, energy conservation and consumption reduction. To promote the construction of digital workshop, we should study the experience of Wuxi Yimian group, Nantong Dasheng group and other enterprises in building digital workshop, so as to ease the difficulty of enterprise recruitment and improve the efficiency of labor production.

We should pay close attention to the implementation of policies and promote the construction of a strong textile province. Around the high-end textile and other 13 industrial clusters supported by Jiangsu provincial government, more policy support will be given in terms of enterprise financing, talent training and introduction, and major technological transformation. It is necessary to vigorously promote vocational education and skills training, increase investment, strengthen teachers, increase training bases, improve the matching degree of professional settings of Vocational Colleges with the needs of industrial development, promote the integration of industry and education, and school enterprise cooperation, so as to cultivate future industrial workers and in-service workers for continuous education. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of entrepreneurship and publicize the value orientation of "more for those with higher skills and more for those who work more"; Organize textile enterprise operators to discuss the deeds of Zhang Jian, a patriotic entrepreneur, operate in accordance with the law, actively undertake social responsibility, establish the concept of common prosperity, and be an entrepreneur recognized by the society and in line with the requirements of the times; Vigorously publicize the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit, and create an atmosphere of respecting labor and creativity.

We should effectively enhance the sense of gain of employees and promote the realization of decent work. It is necessary to actively promote the collective negotiation of the textile industry and enterprises, implement the regulations of Jiangsu Province on collective contracts, explore the formulation of guidance for collective negotiation in the textile industry, give full play to the role of social organizations, and promote the textile industry and enterprises to carry out industry, enterprise, and other aspects of the industry's minimum wage standard, the minimum wage standard for textile skilled personnel, wage growth line, working hours, rest and vacation, etc Enterprise collective negotiation. It is necessary to strengthen the inspection of labor law enforcement, urge textile enterprises to implement the national laws and regulations in terms of labor time, rest and vacation, social insurance, labor safety and health, etc., so as to ensure that laws must be followed and law enforcement must be strict. In view of the "ceiling" phenomenon of career development, we should set up four channels, such as management, technology, skills and sales, establish the energy level wage system, and lead the employees to "increase their wages and improve their skills first", so that the best employees can enjoy the economic treatment of the middle level or even the deputy general manager level. It is necessary to reflect the reasonable demands of employees and strengthen the mechanism construction of workers' Congress through the proposal of workers' representatives; It is necessary to mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff and increase the incentive for them to participate in QC research and technical reform; It is necessary to reflect the widening income gap between textile workers and other industries, especially government organs and institutions, so as to promote common prosperity.