What Is The Purpose Of Establishing A "National Unified Market"

Recently, "opinions on accelerating the construction of a unified national market" was officially issued, which proposed that China will build a unified national market from the aspects of infrastructure construction, market facilities construction, etc.

Strengthening the construction of domestic market is to better promote the high level of market opening. To build a new development pattern with domestic big cycle as the main body and domestic and international double circulation promoting each other, "two cycles" is a whole. Focusing more on the construction of the domestic market does not mean that we do not attach importance to the opening of the market, or even to engage in internal circulation behind closed doors. On the contrary, the 12 character policy of "efficient and standardized, fair competition and full opening" for the construction of the national unified market shows that the construction of the high standard domestic market is laying a solid foundation for the high-level market opening.

Why build a unified national market?

The so-called "national unified market" is a popular interpretation that goods (including goods and services) and factors of production (including capital, labor, technology, data, etc.) can be freely and barrier free to flow among different regions of the country, so that resources can flow to the most efficient regions and realize the optimal allocation of resources.

The market is the most scarce resource in the world, and it is also the resource for development. The market is the bridge connecting supply and demand, the space of enterprise competition and game, and the "most dangerous leap" in the realization of products and services. Building a unified national market can give full play to China's super large-scale market advantages, cultivate local world-class enterprises, attract global advantageous factor resources, and enhance the international discourse power of China's market.

The construction of a unified national market can cultivate domestic and world-class enterprises and make full use of both domestic and international resources. First, the survival of enterprises needs the market. Only when the market and service are stable, can the enterprises and the people have a stable market.

Second, the development of enterprises needs the market. Only by unifying the large market, can we support the continuous expansion of production capacity of enterprises with marketable products, and support enterprises to become bigger and stronger; Only by unifying the big market can we provide rich application scenarios and huge demands for R & D innovation of enterprises, support the rapid iterative updating of technologies, and support the enterprises to become stronger and better.

Therefore, speeding up the construction of a unified national market can support all kinds of market entities in China to become stronger, better and bigger, cultivate local world-class enterprises, and enhance the international competitiveness of China's economy; It can attract global innovation resources and advantageous enterprises to invest in China and make full use of domestic and international resources.

Building a unified national market can enhance China's right to participate in the formulation of international market rules and make better use of both domestic and international markets. Global market interconnection is an inevitable trend of historical development. On the one hand, China's market scale is huge, which can provide endogenous impetus for global economic development, and the world needs China. On the other hand, after more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China has been deeply involved in the international division of labor. In the future, China will further integrate into the world, and change from the past expansion of market opening to a deeper level of institutional opening-up. Therefore, accelerating the construction of a national unified market can enhance China's voice in participating in the formulation of international market rules in the process of promoting the high-level opening of the domestic market, gain the first hand for local enterprises to participate in international competition, and make better use of both domestic and international markets.

What is the crux of building a unified national market?

The domestic market is large but not strong, and there is still a huge potential to be tapped. But at the same time, due to the existence of market barriers and unfair competition, the domestic market is not unified, large and not strong.

Market barriers and trade protectionism lead to market segmentation. On the one hand, due to the competition between local governments in terms of GDP, local fiscal revenue and employment, there will be repeated construction and excessive competition in the formulation and implementation of policies such as local industrial development planning and investment promotion, which will lead to regional division and local protectionism. On the other hand, with the development and growth of Internet trading platforms, regional barriers can be broken down to connect similar online trading platforms across the country. Due to the competition, new forms of market barriers have evolved, and "high walls" between platforms cannot be interconnected. Market barriers have evolved from horizontal regional barriers in the past to vertical platform barriers.

Monopoly and unfair competition lead to disorder of market competition. On the one hand, there are monopoly and unfair competition caused by government behavior. For example, different enterprises have different access to factor resources, and the government gives some enterprises exclusive franchise to produce and operate certain products and services. On the other hand, there are monopoly and unfair competition caused by enterprise behavior, such as a large number of natural monopoly enterprises, industry market monopoly and data element monopoly formed by large-scale trading platform, as well as counterfeiting and counterfeiting as well as shoddy and shoddy products still exist in both regional markets and online trading platforms.

To speed up the construction of a unified national market system

Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, great progress has been made in the construction of China's unified market, especially the continuous improvement of "hardware" such as important infrastructure. This time, the "opinion" focuses more on the high standard connectivity of facilities, and proposes to build a modern circulation network, improve the market information exchange channels, and promote the optimization and upgrading of the trading platform. In contrast, the construction of China's unified market has shortcomings and shortcomings in terms of "software" such as system rules, which does not meet the requirements of building a new development pattern. Therefore, from the perspective of system construction, the "opinions" has deployed a series of key tasks to establish and improve the system and mechanism and to break through the institutional barriers.

It points out that the system of law enforcement concerning property rights should be unified and the system of law enforcement should be improved; We will implement a unified market access system, strictly implement the "national one list" management model, formulate a national general qualification list, unify and standardize evaluation procedures and management methods, and improve the effectiveness of national mutual recognition and mutual use.

The Opinions also stressed "promoting fair and unified market supervision", proposed to improve the unified market supervision rules, enhance the stability and predictability of market supervision system and policies, and promote the integrated supervision of online and offline; We will strengthen the unified market supervision and law enforcement, promote the construction of comprehensive law enforcement capacity for maintaining the unified market, explore the establishment of authorized and entrusted supervision and law enforcement methods in relevant industries, and encourage cross administrative regions to jointly issue unified regulatory policies, regulations and standards.

In the aspect of "breaking down", the opinion highlights "further standardizing improper market competition and market intervention", and proposes to strengthen anti-monopoly and steadily promote the reform of natural monopoly industry; We should investigate and deal with unfair competition according to law and rectify the network black ash industry chain; We should break down local protection and regional barriers, and comprehensively clean up preferential policies that discriminate against foreign-funded enterprises and foreign enterprises; We will clear up and abolish the practices that hinder equal access and exit in accordance with the law and violate the unified market construction in the field of bidding and procurement.

Six questions about "unified market", all you care about is here!

What are the issues involved in the proposal of No.1 opinions?

Zhang Zheng, Professor of the school of economics of Peking University: since the reform and opening up, China has experienced long-term exploration in the process of developing a market economy. However, in the actual process, we have found that the role of the market is often affected by various factors, such as space scale, trading methods, competition systems, etc. cultivating and developing market systems has become an important content, That is, in order to continuously improve and improve the market function, we must move from institutional arrangement to institutional arrangement.

The opinion puts forward the concept of "unified big market", focusing on enriching market connotation, optimizing market service and improving market support. It tries to build a unified, efficient and high-quality market system, and takes expanding domestic demand, smooth circulation, upgrading and upgrading as the future goals of China's market economy development. These goals are not only the needs of market practice, but also the premise of market development. Affected by the impact of the new epidemic situation and the uncertain factors at home and abroad, the current market system has been unable to meet the needs of economic development, and even the problems of the market itself have become an obstacle to economic development. For a long time, we have always regarded the market as a natural thing. In fact, the market itself needs construction, adjustment, deepening and upgrading. High quality economic development and quality leadership need a higher level of market conditions to guarantee, which involves the issue of "breaking and building".

No.2 what should be paid attention to in building the "national unified market"?

Wei Jianguo, former Vice Minister of the Ministry of Commerce and vice president of China International Economic Exchange Center, said that "three relations" should be clarified in the construction of "unified big market". The first is the relationship between the big market and the strong market. Our market is big but not strong. It is mainly manifested in the insufficient allocation of resources; The speed of capital turnover is not fast enough; There is also local protectionism, and some local markets are still small and comprehensive.

The second is the relationship between the big market and the small market in each province, that is, the relationship between the "unity" and the regional nature of the unified big market. It is not the premise of unified strategy and regional integration to carry out the strategy of "unifying major markets, but unifying regional development". In addition, there is the relationship between the unified big market and the smooth double circulation. We should give full play to the key role of the domestic market in the development pattern of the dual cycle economy, make full use of the advantages of the super large-scale market, let the demand better lead and optimize the supply, and let the supply better serve and expand the demand.

Will the logistics problems reflected in No.3 be solved in the process of building a unified national market?

Liu gongrun, vice president of China Europe Lujiazui Institute of international finance and deputy director of the Political Research Office of China Europe International Business College: Although accelerating the construction of a unified national market is not specifically aimed at the impact of the epidemic, under the continuous influence of the epidemic, the problems in the market, such as the disunity of system rules, the blocked flow of factor resources and the prevalence of local protection, are more obvious. In particular, some places carry out regional economy under the banner of "internal circulation", and even set up barriers and restrict logistics on the grounds of epidemic prevention, which runs counter to the requirements of building a unified national market.

Those who get the supply chain win the world. We should vigorously support the new entity enterprises with digital and physical supply chain operation capabilities, stimulate the vitality of market entities, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and provide strong support for accelerating the construction of a unified national market.

"Sparse" is better than "blocking". According to logical inference, even if affected by the epidemic situation, if all logistics links can achieve seamless docking, the flow can still be "smooth" through systematic closed-loop management. Of course, this is a great test of the level of managers, especially the system compatibility between the fragmented links. In this sense, it is very important to establish a unified market which breaks down the barriers of local interests and enlivens factor resources.

"Forming synergy effect" is the key point of the construction of unified big market, and it is also the way to solve the logistics dilemma.

No.4 do not engage in self circulation and promote regional integration?

Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the economic policy committee of the China Society for policy science: the opinions put forward that priority should be given to the construction of regional market integration in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and the Yangtze River Delta; At the same time, it is mentioned that "we should not engage in a small and complete self cycle", which seems to be contradictory, but is actually a relationship of unity of opposites.

A unified national market does not mean "one size fits all". Different regions have different conditions. From the perspective of the spatial distribution of productivity, regional economic integration is the general trend, which is conducive to the effective agglomeration of production factors and the improvement of efficiency.

We should follow the objective law of economic development: the economy always develops in the process of breaking the old balance and establishing the new balance. The imbalance of development in the whole country is indeed an eternal "contradiction". Taking the Yangtze River Delta region as an example, the three provinces and one city with Shanghai as the center have strong industrial agglomeration and production factor synergy, and the supporting capacity of industrial chain is gradually formed in the process of market competition.

At the same time, it should not be underestimated that the gathering of industries will lead to the spillover and radiation effect around, which should be coordinated as a whole. From the perspective of the five major strategies for regional economic development in China, there are not only the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and the Yangtze River Delta, but also the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay area, the Yangtze River economic belt, the Yellow River Basin Ecological high-quality development, and the development of Chengdu Chongqing double City Economic Circle. In the Yangtze River Delta region, the central position of Shanghai is the common result of historical factors and national policy support. At the same time, it should be noted that the satellite cities around Shanghai have developed their own characteristics.

"National unified market" can not be directly equated with equalitarianism. On the other hand, it is necessary to speed up the integration of production factors in the whole country and promote the development of regional economy in a larger scope. This is crucial to achieving high-quality common development and common prosperity.

No.5 what is the difference between the unified national market and the planned economy?

Liu Zhibiao, President of the Yangtze River Industrial Economics Research Institute of Nanjing University, said: efficient and standardized national unified market, the national policies are unified, the rules are consistent, and the implementation is collaborative. This kind of market can effectively allocate resources by maximizing social welfare. The national unified market with fair competition has the characteristics of non-monopoly, fair trade and competition place and mechanism. In the fully open unified national market, there is no artificial and institutionalized blockade and closure. Not only does there exist no institutional barriers to entry and exit between domestic regions and industries, but also the reciprocal opening policy is implemented to foreign countries. Resource commodities can realize smooth and low-cost flow.

The construction of a unified national market does not mean the construction of a large market in which all economic affairs are decided by the central government. In this way, it will evolve into a new planned economic system. It is the most important and basic understanding to understand it as a big market based on the price mechanism to coordinate and determine the allocation of resources in accordance with the requirements of the Central Committee on the construction of the socialist market economic system.

No.6 will the construction of national unified market be different due to regional differences?

Li Ruiqin, Professor, School of international economics and trade, Central University of Finance and Economics: to realize the free and barrier free circulation of commodities and elements across the country, is to reduce or remove the obstacles that hinder the cross regional flow of resources caused by natural factors, technical factors and institutional factors.

The "promoting high standard connectivity of market facilities" and "further standardizing improper market competition and market intervention" mentioned in the opinions are to standardize improper market competition and market intervention, improve market transaction efficiency and reduce natural market segmentation and technical market segmentation by increasing infrastructure construction such as transportation and information communication; To "strengthen the unification of market basic system rules" and "promote the fair unification of market supervision" are to reduce institutional market segmentation by eliminating local protection and optimizing system design.

Information sources: Southern Metropolis Daily, national development and Reform Commission, Xiaoxiang Morning News, Beijing News