Inventory Of The World'S Top 500 Strong Changes In The Past Ten Years

2008, 07, 28, global magazine: the world's top 500: the world's top 500 biggest change in ten years. If you only focus on the latest ranking of the Fortune 500 global enterprises in 2008, you won't see too much change compared with last year: WAL-MART's position seems to be still unbreakable, Exxon Mobil takes the top spot, energy companies are more than half of the top 10, and GM is at the top ten, though its losses are increasing.

If we look back at the farther past, we will find that from 1998 to 2008, the changes recorded in this list relate to all aspects of the world: enterprises are going along with the general trend of the industry; the development of enterprises and industries is echoing with the ups and downs of the economic strength of the specific countries; and the so-called economic strength of a country can not be decoupled from the degree of internationalization, nor can it be separated from the political environment. Ten.

At the same time, with the release of the list of rich people, the rich are no longer "slanting and slanting". They are presented to the public with a group of highly concerned people. Their wealth is growing fiercely and the faces on the list are constantly updated.

The only thing that can be questioned is that changes are taking place in the world's top 500 and the list of the world's richest people.

In the ten years of the 500 strong list, Wang Dan, fortune and fortune magazine ranked the top 500 companies in the world every year. Most of the companies who can enter the top 500 list have accumulated for many years and gradually built the "enterprise The Empire State Building".

Although the evaluation index is based on "business income", the top 500 enterprises not only show their astonishing scale and benchmarking function, but also reflect the practical significance behind their changing laws.

In the list of 2008, the top ten companies are Wal-Mart Store Inc, Exxon, Shell, BP, Japan, Toyota Auto Body Co, Chevron, Holland International Group, Total oil, General Motors Corporation and ConocoPhillips.

WAL-MART still ranked first, oil refining industry accounted for 6 seats, auto enterprises 2 seats, and 1 insurance companies.

From 1998 to 2008, the top 10 companies in the world have been monopolized by three industries, such as general merchandise retail, automobile and refinery.

Among them, there are only 1 enterprises in general retail sales, that is, WAL-MART can open stores to any corner of the world. Since 1998, it has been among the top 10. Since 2002, it has almost sat on the first throne (only second in 2006).

In the past ten years, the automobile industry and the refining industry have been changing.

In 1998, US General Motors and Ford ranked first and second respectively, while general motors, Ford and Daimler Chrysler ranked the top three in 1999. Japan's TOYOTA entered the top 10 for the first time, ranking tenth.

Since then, until 2006, the four auto companies have been among the top ten, but the ranking of auto companies (except TOYOTA) is declining.

In 2007, only 3 automobile companies ranked the top 10, Ford had slipped to 12 place, in 2008 only 2 automobile companies were left, Daimler Chrysler also slipped to 12 place.

Although the automotive industry has been in a downturn in recent years due to various reasons, TOYOTA has been able to rise in the face of adversity, surpassing GM in 2008 and becoming the world's largest auto company.

The oil refining industry is a controversial industry with its unique natural monopoly advantage in the world's top 10.

In 1998 only Shell and Mobil two refineries were selected. In 2001, with the entry of British Petroleum, 3 refineries entered the top 10, and Mobil took the first place.

By 2004, the oil refining industry had surpassed the automobile industry. The top 10 companies accounted for 4 oil companies and 4 automobiles, but British Petroleum, Mobil, Shell and Total became second, third, fourth and tenth respectively, while general motors, Ford, Daimler and TOYOTA ranked fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth respectively.

In the top 10 companies in 2008, the oil refining industry showed its unparalleled strength and domineering power, occupying 6 seats.

Why do the retail, refining and automotive industries take the lead for 10 years? Why is the 10 year old secret?

The reason is determined by the characteristics of the world's industries and super scale industries.

The car and oil refining industry is a global industry, and has a global scale. The same vehicle can be sold to any country in the world. Crude oil is more homogeneous, and no country does not need it.

In such a super scale industry, large enterprises are more likely to be large-scale and become the top 500 enterprises in the world.

It is difficult to achieve mass production because of the great differences between customs and aesthetic views.

Even if we can achieve large-scale production, even if we do business in every country of the world, like Nike, and because of the limited demand, we will only be at the end of the top 500 (not entered in 2008).

Why is it that the world and super scale car and oil industry will be the same?

The top 500 of the top ten industries are nearly solidified because of the protracted energy era. The energy consumption mode of human economic operation determines the inevitable advantage of oil companies in the ranking.

And the automobile industry, or more generally speaking, the pportation industry, its energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption of mankind. This mode of pportation has not been fundamentally changed, and the position of the top ten of energy enterprises will not change. And the promotion of energy-efficient TOYOTA beyond the high fuel consumption GM is just one of the results of the continued high oil price.

If we extend our focus from the top 10 to the top 100, we can find that refining, banking and auto industries are the top three industries of the top 100 enterprises (see chart 1).

The growth of oil refining and banking industry was very strong. In 1998, the banking industry accounted for less than 10%. In 2008, it accounted for nearly 20% of the total. The proportion of banking industry in the 100 strength doubled in ten years. Now it has become the second largest industry after oil refining industry.

The oil refining industry has been on the rise after experiencing the trough of 1999 and 2000, and its share has exceeded 23% in 2008, making it the largest industry.

The auto industry is fluctuating. In recent years, it is basically in a downward trend. Its share has dropped from 17.31% in 1998 to 12.39% in 2008, which has dropped by nearly 5 percentage points.

The fastest growing industry in 2008 ranked the top three in banking sector (26.5%), mining and crude oil extraction (26.1%), and shipping (24.7%).

Ranked by last year's profit growth, the top three are aviation industry (118.2%), shipping industry (70.5%) and engineering construction industry (64.9%).

The banking industry, which was affected by the subprime mortgage crisis and the decline in the US financial industry, became the fastest growing sector in 2008. It was somewhat surprising and even more surprising to some of the current economic phenomena. As oil prices hit a new high, the price of iron ore has also increased unprecedentedly, and the mining and crude oil extraction industry has become the second fastest growing sales sector.

With the acceleration of world economic integration, international business has been increasing frequently. The shipping industry ranks third in terms of sales growth and second in profit growth.

The same reason also led to the revival of the aviation industry, making it the fastest growing industry last year.

With the advent of engineering construction climax in developing countries, the construction industry has also become one of the fastest growing industries.

The national influence can not be ignored. Once again, the time frame is drawn to 1998. The changes in the list of enterprises in China, the United States and Japan during the period 1998~2008 (see Table 1 and Figure 2) are observed.

In 1998, there were 4 top ten companies in the United States, 32 of which were top 100, 5 of Japan's top ten, 26 of which were listed on the list of 100, and the US and Japan had the same strength; Chinese enterprises failed to enter the "100 strong" market.

However, since 1999, the Japanese companies have been on the decline in the top 500 list. In the top ten of the 2008, only one TOYOTA remained, and only 100 of the top 100 were left.

In contrast, the United States is worthy of the title of the first economic power.

With the disappearance of Japanese companies, the number of top 10 companies in the US business is on the rise. In 2006, they occupied 7 seats in the top ten, showing their absolute hegemony.

Although the performance of American enterprises in 1998~2007 has been relatively stable, the number of the top 100 and 500 companies in 2008 has been the lowest in 10 years. The number of top 100 companies has dropped from 35 last year to 31, and the number of enterprises entering 500 has been reduced from 162 last year to 153.

Among them, the US financial firms struggling in the credit crisis have fallen sharply. Washington Mutual Bank and the US Countrywide Financial Corp which have just been bought by the US bank have fallen by 70. The US consumer company has also been affected. The largest clothing retailer GAP and the famous sporting goods company Nike are also "disappointed". In addition, several of the top losers are directly affected by the oil price increase and the US recession, such as Ford motor, Delta Airlines, general motors and Coca-Cola.

With the sustained and rapid growth of China's economy, Chinese enterprises in 2008 created the best results in the past years, with the number of --35 winners entering the list (26 in the mainland, 3 in Hongkong and 6 in Taiwan).

Many enterprises in China have entered the list of "fastest growing" enterprises, including oil and gas equipment, minerals and crude oil production.

In addition, along with China's construction projects in full swing, China railway construction, China Railway Engineering, China Construction Engineering Company and so on, are running at a speed of more than 100.

Although the number of top 100 companies in China has grown out of nothing in recent years, they are far from "from less to more". In the final analysis, enterprises are the embodiment of the economic strength of a country at the micro level. There is still a big gap between China and Japan, especially the United States.

How can the competitive advantage of the company become the world's top 500, or is it created by the industry itself?

There are two claims in China since ancient times: "men are afraid of going wrong" and "there are no peers". This confirms the existence of controversy.

In fact, "external causes" and "internal causes" determine the competitive advantage of an enterprise.

The industry has its development law, a specialized business enterprise, whose ultimate fate is in the hands of the industry. Even if the enterprise's internal management is perfect, it will eventually withdraw from the competition stage with the recession of the industry.

Therefore, the choice and orientation of industry is the foundation of enterprise strategy, and it is a necessary condition for the success of an enterprise.

Of course, there are many cases of "no peer sharing". It is a prerequisite for enterprises to be positioned correctly. After that, we need to see the "internal strength" of enterprises in winning the competition.

Long life enterprises are basically able to achieve sustained development through constant revision and continuous training. This is a gradual process.

The competition between enterprises is fierce, and the competition among excellent enterprises is even more brutal.

They will use all means to build an aircraft carrier.

Although the dispute is dazzling, there is one thing that remains unchanged, that is, the "diversification" of enterprises.

Here, "diversification" has two meanings: one is geographical pluralism (also known as internationalization), the two is the pluralism of business.

In order to continuously expand the scale of enterprises and avoid risks in industries and regions, the world's top 500 enterprises, especially the top 100 enterprises, are diversifying without exception.

For example, ExxonMobil in the oil industry in 2006 has an international rate of 71.62% of overseas income, accounting for 79.78% of BP and 57.24% of Shell. Although Sinopec is unique in its position in China, it is mainly for the domestic market, and its sales revenue is less than 1/2 of the multinational oil giants such as ExxonMobil and BP.

If Sinopec and PetroChina want to hit the top 10, it is necessary to conduct international operations.

In addition, these large multinationals are actively diversifying their businesses while diversifying their businesses.