Policy Adjustment Affects Import And Export Of Machinery Parts And Components

In recent years, in order to improve and optimize the structure of import and export products, our government has issued a series of policies in succession. What impact does these policies have on the import and export of mechanical basic products? What is the impact of these policies on the import and export of mechanical basic products? This special issue is an article by Mr. Zheng Guowei, a senior expert in import and export of machinery industry in China. He analyzes the import and export status of mechanical basic products and the relevant import and export policies, and puts forward his own views and suggestions on the measures that enterprises should take.

In recent years, our government has issued a series of policies on import and export, aiming at improving and optimizing the structure of import and export products, improving the quality of export products, increasing the technological content and added value of export products, straighten out the export order, and achieve the fundamental pformation of the export growth mode so as to enhance the international competitiveness.

At the same time, in order to reduce international trade surplus and promote industrial upgrading, the policy of encouraging advanced technology and equipment imports was released.

The existing policies on import and export of mechanical components include:

1. the export tax rebate policy export product tax rebate, refers to the indirect tax which has been levied at home (mainly value-added tax), the purpose is to export goods to enter the international market without domestic indirect tax price, avoid duplication of domestic taxes on Transnational mobile goods, so as to promote the development of international trade.

This practice is in line with the WTO rules, reflecting WTO's principles of non discrimination and fair trade and has established international common practice.

Therefore, it is not a preferential policy adopted by individual countries, nor is it a subsidy.

With the approval of the State Council, in June 19, 2007, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a notice on the reduction of export tax rebates for some commodities after the national development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs (GDA), with the tax revenue [2007] 90, which has been implemented since July 1, 2007.

The main purpose of this adjustment is to further control the excessive growth of foreign trade exports, ease the outstanding contradictions brought about by the overbalance of China's foreign trade, improve the structure of export commodities, and curb the export of high energy consumption, high pollution and resource products.

There are 36 kinds of tax reduction products in the mechanical foundation industry, which are mainly mechanical parts, namely metal chains, including motorcycle roller chains, bicycle roller chains, other articulated chains, anti-skid chains, Japanese word link chains, welding chains and all kinds of chain parts. All kinds of steel standard fasteners include screws, nuts and threaded products; all kinds of springs, including automobile and railway vehicle springs, are reduced from 13% to 5%; besides, portable hydraulic power tools (including chain saws) and parts are reduced from 17% to 9%.

At present, the export rebate rate of the mechanical foundation parts is 13% and three for the copper and aluminum standard fasteners and springs respectively. The hydraulic components and devices and pneumatic components and devices are 17%; the mold, bearing, seal, hydraulic and pneumatic pmission valves are 13%.

In the future, our government will adjust the export tax rebate rate timely according to China's industrial policies, import and export trade policies and favorable balance.

The reduction of export tax rebate rate will increase the cost of export products and reduce the income. The enterprises concerned should improve the structure of export products and increase the added value of export products.

2. import and export tariff policy is an important means to regulate import and export and protect domestic industries, and also an important source of national revenue.

After China's accession to the WTO in December 11, 2001, the machinery industry has undergone 5 years of pition, and tariff concessions have been fully realized.

The average import tariff of machinery industry dropped from 18.2% in 2000 to 12.3% in 2002, of which the machinery products dropped from 14.1% in 2000 to 9.9% in 2002, and that from 43.9% in 2000 to 26.9% in 2000.

In 2005, the average tariff was reduced to 8.19% for mechanical products and 18.57% for automobiles.

In 2006, machinery products remained unchanged in 2005, reducing import tariffs only.

The import tariff of cars decreased from 30% in 2005 to 28% (from July 1, 2006 to 25%), and the tariffs on auto parts decreased from 10% to 10% in July 1, 2006.

Import tariffs remained unchanged in 2006, 2007.

In 2008, the import tariff of mechanical foundation parts was: industrial chain 12%, parts 10%; standard fasteners 8% to 10%; hydraulic components and devices and pneumatic components and devices 12% to 14%; hydraulic motor 10%; mold 8% to 8.4%; plastic or rubber mold 0 to 5%; Automobile Spring 5%, railway spring trap; oil pressure and pneumatic pmission valve.

Bearing, except for parts 6%, was 8% in 2007.

Since January 1, 2008, some products have been tentatively fixed: drum type roller bearings (tax code 84823000), needle bearings (tax code 84824000), cylindrical roller bearings (tax number ex84825000) for wind power generation equipment, ball rollers and rollers (tax number 84829100) are executed according to 4%, and other parts of rolling bearings are carried out according to 3%.

The drive shaft and bearing seat were 6% in 2007, and from January 1, 2008, the provisional tax rate was 3%.

The seals were 8% in 2007 and 5% in January 1, 2008.

At present, the export of mechanical basic parts is not subject to customs duties.

3. to encourage the import of advanced technology and equipment, in September 27, 2007, the NDRC, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the

The notice on encouraging import technology and product catalogue was released. In September 22nd the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Commerce issued the "management of import discount fund".

The State shall give discount policy support to the advanced technology and equipment listed in the catalogue and imported by general trade.

The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce determine the discount coefficient in the total annual interest discount fund and approve the discount amount.

Enterprises should submit relevant application materials to the relevant departments before January 31st of each year.

In the importation of important equipment, mechanical foundation parts industry has 1 parts: wind power and shield machine bearings.

There are 5 engineering machinery related to mechanical foundation parts: (1) full face roadheader: cutter diameter >13m; (2) stabilized soil road mixing machine: mixing width >3m; (3) crawler crane: lifting weight >300t; (4) high grade highway slurry seal machine: silo >10m3, pulping > 3T; (5) asphalt pavement milling machine: milling width >2.5m, milling depth >3cm.

The national development and Reform Commission will adjust the catalogue with the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of commerce according to the needs of the situation.

This policy will bring certain influence and difficulty to domestic enterprises in developing and developing these products. The enterprises concerned should take active measures to meet the users' requirements and reflect the problems encountered to the relevant government departments.

4. with the approval of the State Council, the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce issued a new guidance catalogue for foreign investment in 2007 (revised in 2007), which has been implemented since December 1, 2007.

In November 30, 2004, the guide catalogue for foreign investment industry (revised in 2004) issued by the national development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce was suspended at the same time.

The new catalogue is revised under the new situation of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building a harmonious socialist society, further deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world. It is an important policy measure to implement the "innovative utilization of foreign capital, optimize the structure of foreign capital utilization, and play a positive role in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading, and regional coordinated development" proposed by the Seventeenth National Congress of the CPC.

It will play a positive role in doing well in macroeconomic regulation and control, coordinating domestic development and opening to the outside world, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and improving the quality and level of foreign capital utilization.

The catalogue is divided into three categories: encouragement, restriction and prohibition.

In the encouragement category, the mechanical foundation parts are:

(1) design and manufacture of pressure (35-42MPa) axial high pressure plunger pump and motor, pressure (35-42MPa) low speed and large torque motor.

(2) manufacture of electro-hydraulic proportional servo components.

(3) pressure (21-31.5MPa) design and manufacture of integral multi-channel valve, pneumatic solenoid valve less than 0.35W, and 200Hz high frequency electronically controlled valve.

(4) design and manufacture of hydrostatic drive.

(5) development and manufacture of non-contact gas film seal with pressure above l0MPa and dry gas seal (including experimental device) with pressure above l0MPa.

(6) development and manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic rubber and plastic seals.

(7) manufacture of high strength fasteners for grade 12.9 and above.

(8) the third, fourth generation car hub bearings (bearing and inner ring and outer ring with flange and sensor): the bearing of the high and middle CNC machine tool and machining center (the machining center has three axis linkage function, the positioning accuracy is 3~4 m), the high-speed wire rod, the plate mill bearing (single track wire mill rolling speed 120m/s and above, the sheet mill processing plate thickness 2mm and above the support and the work roller bearing), the high speed railway bearing (traveling speed is larger than 200km/h), the vibration value Z4 below the low noise bearing (Z4, Z4P, V4, V4P noise level), all kinds of bearing's P4, the corrosion grade bearing manufacture.

In the restricted catalogue, the mechanical foundation parts are: all kinds of ordinary grade (P0) bearings and parts (steel balls, cage), rough manufacturing.

The new policy has moderately strict market access, improved the technical threshold for entering the Chinese market, is conducive to promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and improving the quality, level and economic efficiency of the utilization of foreign capital.

Structural adjustment and international operation

It is easy to see from the situation of the import and export of mechanical basic products in China. The contradiction between the unreasonable product structure is still outstanding. Therefore, if we want to further expand the overseas market and grasp the initiative in the international market competition, we must vigorously develop the high-end products and gradually increase the export share of the basic products.

In addition, we should also see that the global economy is gradually becoming an organic whole, which provides a broad market space for the development of enterprises.

Chinese enterprises should go out and use global resources to achieve rational allocation, enhance competitiveness, carry out international operations, and maintain the sustainability and stability of enterprise development.

There are already a number of advantageous enterprises in the machinery industry to carry out international operations.

Some of them have large export volume and have established sales outlets in many countries; some have acquired well-known foreign enterprises, and have obtained advanced manufacturing technology; others have invested or built factories abroad or joint ventures and cooperation with foreign enterprises, improving their technological level and widening their sales channels.

According to the experience of some enterprises in the machinery industry in developing international operations, the most basic things are: we must create conditions actively, and adapt ourselves to the requirements of international business and innovate continuously to form our own brand in terms of business thought, personnel quality and knowledge structure, product development and technical standards, organization structure and information platform construction.