Macroeconomic Regulation And Control Should Pay More Attention To Small And Medium Enterprises Such As Shoes Enterprises.

Regulatory policies are good intentions, but we must consider the timing and effect of policy implementation if we want to do well. The departments should not be able to fight against each other's own policies, but also pay attention to policy coordination. Because the superposition effect of policies may exceed the affordability of enterprises.

Since last year, in order to curb the rapid economic and price rise and prevent the ups and downs of the economy, a series of macroeconomic regulation and control measures have been issued by the central departments, and some achievements have been achieved in the macroeconomic regulation and control. This is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the momentum of excessive price rises has been controlled, the growth rate of foreign trade exports has slowed down, the investment in fixed assets has dropped, the pace of adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and export structure has been quickened, and the prices of the real estate and stock markets have dropped. But the negative effects caused by macroeconomic regulation also begin to appear.

Macroeconomic regulation and economic adjustment must pay a certain cost and cost. The response and adaptation of different regions and industries to macro-control are different. Compared with previous macroeconomic regulation and control, this macro-control has a greater impact on the eastern coastal areas and small and medium-sized enterprises, and has a greater impact on the traditional labor-intensive industries.

In the eastern coastal area, opening to the outside world is early and foreign economic dependence is large. Foreign-funded enterprises and private enterprises account for a relatively large proportion. Among the three foreign-funded enterprises, most of the SMEs are mainly labor-intensive industries, whose products are mainly low-end products with low added value. The products are single, specialized, and technically low. The enterprises have no R & D capability, no core technology and independent intellectual property rights, no independent brands, rely on OEM production, no pricing power and bargaining power, no market dominance, and no market monopoly and technological monopoly can be formed. The huge enterprise group is only one part of the world manufacturing industry chain. It mainly relies on preferential policies and the price advantages of production factors, such as cheap labor, factory rent, land and cheap energy, and so on. The profit of enterprises is low and the ability to resist risks is weak. Foreign investment is very unstable, with many foreign population, high cost of social management, serious environmental pollution, tight electricity and water resources, difficulties in enterprise transformation and industrial upgrading, but these enterprises have solved a large number of population employment and promoted social stability.

We know that small and medium-sized enterprises are different from state-owned enterprises and central enterprises. They are completely market-oriented and are the most dynamic parts of our economy. The excessive tightening of macroeconomic regulation and control policy is more harmful to SMEs. Regulatory policies have limited impact on large multinational corporations, state-owned enterprises and monopoly industries, because they have the ability to evade risks or to reflect interest demands to the decision-making authorities. No matter in the past "one size fits all" regulation, or the current "hold the pressure" regulation, the first ones often are SMEs.

Specifically, the impact of macro-control policies on SMEs is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

First, the frequency of policy adjustment, the scope and intensity of the policy are very rare. Foreign trade policy (multiple export tax rebate), labor security policy (implementation of new labor law, substantially raise the cost of employment of small and medium-sized enterprises), industrial transfer policy (implementation of restricted account for processing trade export products), environmental protection policies (improving environmental protection standards and export product safety technical standards), fiscal and taxation policies (land acquisition tax and property tax, income tax of Chinese and foreign enterprises) and other unfavorable factors, coupled with unfavorable factors such as rising raw material prices and export market slump, etc. the severe policy environment has greatly squeezed the living space of enterprises and increased the operational risk of enterprises. SMEs generally believe that the deterioration of business environment is far more difficult than the Southeast Asian financial crisis and the SARS period, which is the most difficult period in history. These policies involve monetary policy (such as the substantial appreciation of the renminbi, the control of credit scale, the substantial increase in the statutory reserve requirement rate, the increase in the interest rate for deposits and loans, the issuance of central bank bills, etc.).

Two, the multiple policies of multiple departments in a short period of time have a combined effect on enterprises, resulting in the superposition effect of policies: 1. These macro-control measures have different effects on different enterprises. The impact on the industry is greater than the impact on the scale of enterprises, that is, the industries with low profit margins, such as clothing, shoes, toys, furniture, plastics (14510, -80.00, -0.55%, bar) products, and so on, have a greater impact. They have less influence on enterprises with high automation and high added value of products, such as machinery and electronics, and so on. For large capital enterprises and multinational corporations, they can influence small schools, such as they can transfer prices and transfer orders in the world, take hedging measures to avoid exchange rate risks, and transfer the pressure of raw material prices through product price increases. As for small and medium-sized enterprises, it is almost a disaster. Taking export enterprises and foreign trade enterprises as an example, it takes at least three months to half a year from receiving orders to organizing raw material production, and then delivery. However, the exchange rate losses caused by the excessive appreciation of the RMB can even completely lose profits, leading enterprises to dare to make further orders. Most of our enterprises have limited capability and means to manage exchange rate risk, and exchange rate losses can only be digested through profits.

2, for small and medium enterprises, enterprises do not adapt to and breathe quickly, the chance of transformation will soon die, and a large number of enterprises will go bankrupt and move out. Due to the uncertainty of operation, they will lose confidence in the future. The trend of business owners' escape is obvious, the social unstable factors will increase sharply, workers' collective petitions and unemployment will increase, and the pressure of the grass-roots government will be great.

3, most of the labor-intensive industries have low cultural quality of workers, reemployment after unemployment and difficulties in transformation with enterprises. They feel abandoned and easily transferred to the government and government policies. A large number of macro-control policies have increased the cost of operation and operation of enterprises, and also increased the worries of enterprise owners on policy risks. Although enterprises have taken some measures to cope with them, because of lack of adjustment time and lack of capital and policy support, it is difficult for enterprises to realize technological upgrading and industrial transformation. Therefore, SMEs are generally pessimistic about future prospects.

Three, macroeconomic regulation and control pay little attention to the survival of SMEs. The intensity and direction of macroeconomic regulation and control should always be based on economic statistics. However, in practice, economic data are often difficult to accurately reflect the operation and survival of small businesses. In terms of credit, banks mainly rely on large and medium-sized enterprises which have strong borrowing ability and strong management ability. SMEs are often unable to melt funds because of financial irregularities and no qualified collateral. Therefore, credit data does not reflect the financing needs and operating conditions of SMEs. The data of statistical departments tend to take industrial enterprises above designated size as the main objects of investigation and statistics, and the defects of economic statistics, which lead to economic operation and macro regulation and control rarely pay attention to the survival situation of small and medium-sized enterprises. The reflection on the economy has a certain lag. Due to specialization and standardization of production division, there are usually dozens of hundreds of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises in the large manufacturing industry to provide supporting products for them, thus forming an industrial circle with large manufacturing enterprises as the core. These enterprises have formed a symbiotic relationship with each other. The financial problems of small and medium-sized enterprises will lead to the lengthening of parts supply and payment period for large enterprises, thus dragging large enterprises.

Therefore, macroeconomic regulation needs more attention to the survival of SMEs.

We need to rethink the goal of macroeconomic regulation and monetary policy, and seek the best balance between economic growth and the goal of controlling inflation pressure. Under the background of global integration, the inherent defects of the international monetary system have led to excess liquidity in the world and the rise in international commodity prices caused by high grain prices and high oil prices. This trend indicates the end of the era of low inflation. Against this background, we need to rethink the goal of macroeconomic regulation and monetary policy. We need to find the best balance between economic growth and inflation pressure. If we are too strict with the commitments we have made, with low inflation as the target of regulation and control, not only will our goals be hard to achieve, but if we pursue a low inflation target unilaterally, we must impose excessive monetary policy and related industrial policies, which will cause greater harm to China's real economy. Under the realistic background of domestic and international economic background, it is necessary and feasible to adjust inflation pressure appropriately.

Many regulatory policies promulgated by the Central Committee are very good intentions, but when we want to do well, we must consider the timing and effect of policy implementation. The departments should not be able to fight against each other's own policies, but also pay attention to policy coordination. Because the superposition effect of policies may lead to excessive regulation and exceed the affordability of enterprises. Once an enterprise dies, it will be more difficult for the government to take measures to rescue and recover. The resulting social problems and contradictions will be relatively large. Industrial upgrading and adjustment and optimization also need to give enterprises a certain buffer period, which needs specific policy guidance and support policies. At the same time, local governments should strengthen training and guidance for re employment, and even give certain financial compensation, so that people feel that the government is willing to tide over difficulties with enterprises and practitioners, so that enterprises can build confidence and see hope.