Some Policies And Operational Problems Concerning Debt To Equity Swap

At present, when carrying out financial analysis, most of the financial personnel use manual calculation of financial indicators, and the calculation workload is large.

In addition, enterprises calculate financial indicators according to their superiors' requirements, and seldom have their own designs. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out financial analysis more comprehensively and systematically, and it is difficult to give full play to their enthusiasm and initiative, which is not conducive to the improvement of management level.

Some accounting computerization enterprises may have some automatic financial analysis indicators in their accounting software.

But if these indicators can not be increased or modified, it will often be difficult to fully meet the various needs of enterprises.

In view of the above problems, the author advocates using Excel (spreadsheet) for analysis. The advantages are that the analysis method is not limited, the analysis index is not limited, the content of analysis is not limited, and the specific operation steps are as follows: first, the design of report format, the format of the report should be based on the current financial statements, and then make some necessary adjustments on the project, such as increasing the variable cost, contributing gross profit, fixed cost, pre tax profit, quick assets, long term assets and so on.

It should be noted that if the method of automatically filling out the financial data is used, the adjusted items must be listed under the accounting software or the report provided by the Excel template, so as not to automatically fill in the financial data.

The second step: to add additional columns to the main column, including the current number of columns, the number of the previous period or the number of columns, the average number of columns, and the comparison column.

The comparison column can be divided into absolute and relative numbers, that is, difference and percentage.

Of course, for the sake of clarity, there should not be too many columns, so different content can be placed in different worksheets of the same workbook.

Third steps: for the main column, determine the analysis index in this step, first of all, pay attention to the content of indicators, can be determined according to the specific needs of the enterprise.

For example, the comprehensive index system of economic efficiency, the DuPont financial analysis system and the bankruptcy test ratio system, we can also consider increasing the interest guarantee ratio, cash ratio, fixed ratio, fixed long-term suitability rate and other indicators.

Next, we should pay attention to the location of the index, which must be under the given report format.

When determining the analysis indicators, we should follow the following principles: we must follow the following principles: we should set targets according to various analytical purposes; the analysis indicators should be in line with international standards; for example, the 14 ratios of Deng's company in the United States, the 11 ratios published in the annual report research form of the United States, and the assessment indicators of international famous assessment institutions can be included; not only should we consider the current needs, but also consider future needs, we should also innovate in the financial indicators in accordance with the times; in order to avoid future losses, we should include the required indicators as far as possible, and on the other hand, the indicators should not be too numerous, so as not to win the competition.

The fourth step: to input formulas to calculate financial indicators quickly and timely, we must input each formula into a cell in advance.

Here we need to pay attention to two questions: first, the position of the formula must be in the same line as the index to be calculated; the two is the formulation of the formula; if the information of other cells is quoted, the address of the cell should be used to represent it. As for absolute cells or relative cells, it depends on the requirements. Generally speaking, the relative cells can be used.

There are two ways to fill out financial data to fill out report data, namely manual entry and automatic generation, fifth steps.

Among them, automatic generation is divided into two situations. One is the use of computerized accounting statements. The basic method is: first, calculate the computerized accounting statement, and then save it as ".

Excel "file, then save and close, and finally use Excel to pfer the saved files.

The two is to make use of the database. Its basic method is: first, downloading the database file in Excel, then input the analysis content, and save it in the end.

It needs to be explained that in the Excel procedure, there are generally several financial reporting templates for industries, business, tourism, pportation, finance and other industries, including the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, profit distribution table, and financial statement of changes.

If you manually input, you should open a report template first, then input the original data, generate the report, and then copy it to the analysis file.

This method is characterized by no need to calculate the total amount of liquid assets, net assets, total assets, total liabilities and so on, which is automatically generated by the system.

However, since the statement of changes in financial position has been replaced by the cash flow statement, the cash flow statement must be made or made by itself.

If construction, real estate, foreign investment and other enterprises, because the system does not provide a variety of report templates, enterprises can only make their own.

The sixth step is to generate analysis results. When the above steps are completed, the result of each analysis index is automatically generated.

In order to be intuitive, the results of structural analysis and trend analysis can also be reflected in the chart.

The seventh step is to take protective measures to prevent errors in the input cells from being deleted, altered or artificially altered. In order to prevent the leakage and modification of the report data, the form of the analysis table can be set up in the form of the analysis table, that is, the cells of each item and the cells with formulas, and the formula can be hidden.

The specific methods are: first, exclude some cells (except the main column items and the items without the formula) outside the scope of protection, that is, in the format cell protection, the cells are not selected as "locking"; then, the cells that are protected with formulas are set to "lock" or "hide", and the method is the same; finally, the worksheet is protected, that is, in the "tool protection protection worksheet", the contents of the dialog box are selected, and then the password is set, so that the protection is realized.

When you use it next time, you must enter your password to open it.

Of course, you can also set up password and modify password protection for the entire analysis file.

It should be noted that if the original column and index are not applied, the financial statements can be adjusted, the main column or the additional column should be added, and additional analysis items should be added.

However, after setting up protection, the protection of the worksheet must be revoked before it can be modified and renamed.