Analysis Of Accounting For Bad Debt Losses In Enterprises

Commodity sales is an important part of the enterprise's realization of its product value. But sometimes, in order to achieve the purpose of promoting product sales, it is necessary to take credit sales in the sales process. In this case, the product sales of enterprises do not form sales revenue, but increase the receivables of enterprises, thereby increasing the business risk of enterprises, and sometimes even bad debt losses.

According to the current accounting system, there are two main ways to calculate the bad debt loss: one is the direct selling method, that is, when the bad debts actually happen, they are included in the period cost; the other is the reserve method, that is, to estimate the bad debt losses on time, and to make allowance for bad debts.

There are three ways to calculate the bad debt loss by reserve method, that is, the percentage of receivable balance, the age of accounts and the percentage of sales.

Although there are many ways to calculate bad debts in enterprises, some methods are not suitable for enterprises in practical accounting. Some methods still have some problems in the process of using them. Therefore, it is necessary to go deep into the problems existing in the accounting of bad debts in order to guide the specific accounting work of enterprises.

Analysis of the problems in the two accounting of bad debts and bad debts. The financial system of China's industrial enterprises stipulates that the enterprises that make use of the reserve method will prepare the bad debts at the end of the year at 0.3% to 0.5% of the accounts receivable at the end of the year.

This method aims at the bad account preparation that may occur in the accounts receivable of enterprises, so that accounts receivable can be included in the balance sheet in net assets and avoid the inflated assets, which is in line with the principle of caution.

However, in practical work, it is found that there are some problems in the current system, which need to be improved and perfected.

The direct pfer method is simpler and simpler in accounting treatment, but it ignores the connection between bad debt loss and credit sale business. It obviously does not conform to the matching principle of income and expense.

There are still some problems in the direct conversion method, but there are still the following problems: according to the accounts receivable at the end of the year, the provision for bad debts is too low to meet the actual production needs of enterprises; the bad debt loss cost of each year is not corresponding to the actual bad debt losses of the enterprises, nor is it corresponding to the sales revenue of the year; its amount is difficult to be understood; it can not avoid the fluctuation of bad debt losses due to the contingency of bad debts, which directly affects the stability of each year's business results; besides, the bad account preparation accounts for the bad debts which are extracted and written off, but also needs to deal with the bad debts that are recovered after the cancellation and cancellation of the accounts. The accounts are complicated in nature and difficult to understand because of the complicated nature of the accounts. 0.3%. In addition, the accounts for bad debts are not easy to be avoided. The accounts for bad debts are not stable. The accounts for bad debts are not only accounted for by the bad debts, which are extracted and written off, but also need to be dealt with after the cancellation of the bad debts. The bad debts of the accounts receivable account for 5%. The accounts receivable percentage method is used to analyze the percentage of accounts receivable, though it has made up for it.

If the accounts receivable balance of an enterprise at the end of the first year is 2 million yuan, the reserve for bad debts can only be withdrawn at the rate of 0.5% at the ratio of 0.5%. However, the phenomenon of uncollectible debts between enterprises in China before the month is very common. The bad debts incurred by the enterprises far exceed the bad debts prepared by them. Then the accounting treatment results of the cancellation of bad debts and the bad debt preparation at the end of the year are likely to be contrary to the matching principle and the accrual basis of income and expenses.

For example, in the case of the previous official holidays, the company had a bad debt loss of 100 thousand yuan in the past second years, and 1 million 900 thousand yuan at the end of the year. The company was preparing for the bad debts by 0.5%. The result of the account processing was bad at the end of the account. At the end of the term, there was a debit balance of 80500 yuan. This situation may continue for a long time, and the profit of the enterprise will also increase for some time.

When the bad debt losses recognized by the company confirmed that the amount of VAT output tax had not been cut off at the time of cancellation, when the general taxpayers sold goods on credit sale, they increased the "receivable account" on the one hand and increased the "sales revenue" and "output tax" on the other hand after the sales revenue was realized.

But at present, in all textbooks and in most enterprises, the loss of bad debts has not been cut down.

Through the above analysis, it is not difficult to find that there are still some problems in the current bad account accounting process. It is necessary to be solved and standardized. Only by standardizing and standardizing the accounting of bad debts can we really meet the relevant accounting standards.

In order to solve the problems existing in the bad account accounting process, we need to pay attention to the following problems: the general enterprises should extensively use the allowance method to calculate the bad debt loss and cancel the direct pfer mode; and raise the proportion of the bad debt preparation, then the lower limit of the proportion of the accounts receivable design should be increased to 0.5%, and the upper limit is 5%. The account of bad debts can be added to account for the bad debts and the bad debts recovered after the cancellation, so that the bad account reserve account will always reflect the amount of the allowance for the bad debts of the enterprises, and the appropriate adjustment should be made at the end of the year. Three analysis of the problem of bad debt accounting.

The enterprises that make use of reserves shall borrow the actual loss, write off the "bad account preparation" or "bad debt loss", and borrow the value added tax payable on the accounts receivable, and borrow the "payable tax payable on the basis of the value added tax (output tax"), and credit the accounts receivable according to the sum of the above two.

If the direct selling method is used, the enterprise will borrow the "administrative expenses" according to the actual bad debt losses. According to the original value added tax of the accounts receivable, the tax payable shall be debited to the "value added tax (output tax)", and the accounts receivable should be credited according to the sum of the above two.

In short, product credit sale is an important strategy to promote product sales. Because there is a certain risk in the credit sale process, it will inevitably generate bad debts. Therefore, the problem of bad debt accounting is of great significance.

Bad debt accounting should choose a certain method, and also pay attention to following certain principles. Only by correctly performing bad account accounting can we really play the role of accounting.