Home >

Present Situation And Prospect Of Leather Industry In China

2008/10/14 10:25:00 41850

??? 日本語 Fran?ais English 中文

??? China is recognized as a big country of leather goods production in the world.

??? China's leather industry has the following Characteristics ：

?? ? 1. Different economic components coexist. In terms of the nature of leather goods manufacturing enterprises in China, there are four types of enterprises, namely, foreign-funded enterprises, private enterprises, joint-stock enterprises, collective enterprises and state-owned enterprises. Among them, foreign-funded enterprises account for 49%, followed by private and joint-stock enterprises, accounting for 40%, collective enterprises accounting for 10%, and state-owned enterprises accounting for only 1%.
? ?? 2. Leather goods are the main export commodities of China's leather industry. Leather goods industry is an international competitive advantage industry. China's leather products are exported to more than 200 countries and regions in the world, accounting for 70% of the total sales volume. In 2003, the export volume of leather products in China reached 7.17 billion US dollars, and in 2004 it reached 8.12 billion US dollars.
?? ? 3. China's leather industry has formed a number of production bases and professional markets with industry characteristics. In recent years, China's leather industry has formed important production bases and professional markets such as Shiling Town in Huadu City, Baigou town in Hebei Province, leather industry cluster in Shenzhen and luggage center in Hongkou District of Shanghai, forming a unique regional brand, which has created good conditions for China's leather industry to enhance its international competitiveness.
??? With the rapid development of China's leather industry, there are still some problems in different degrees. The most prominent problems are low-grade products, small proportion of high-value-added products, single style and lack of international brands.

??? 2、 The development trend of leather industry.

??? At present, the development of leather industry tends to the following aspects:
??? 1. To the direction of ecological leather development. The concept of ecological leather includes the following four aspects: first, ecological leather does not pollute the environment in the process of production and manufacturing; Second, it is harmless in the process of processing leather products; Third, it is harmless to human body and does not pollute the environment; Fourth, it can be biodegraded, and the degradation products will not produce new pollution to the environment.
? In the production process, the leather industry will pay more attention to the application of clean production technology, which requires the development of green chemicals and pollution-free technology, and pay attention to the reuse and recycling within the process.
??? 2. Special effect leather and special leather have been used continuously. At present, the existing special effect leather in the market mainly includes wrinkle (cracking) leather, falling grain leather, rubbing effect leather, dull leather, pearlescent leather, fluorescent effect leather, pearlescent effect leather, imitation old effect leather, crystal leather (imitation polishing), sanding effect leather, Lizard Leather, color change leather, suede leather, etc. It has also become a trend that the technology of textile industry and other industries, such as grasping pattern, tie printing, batik, tie dyeing, hollowing out and electronic engraving, is transplanted into leather industry to produce special effect leather. Of course, special effect leather is not only limited to the surface effect of appearance, but also the development of functional leather, such as waterproof leather, oil proof leather, antifouling leather, flame retardant leather, washed leather, aromatic leather and so on.
??? At present, the main special leather on the market mainly includes fish leather, snake leather and ostrich leather, which need top-grade and high-grade raw materials.
??? 3. High tech is more and more used in leather industry.
??? High and new technology is applied to leather making process, ultrasonic technology, electronic technology, microwave and high-pressure technology are applied to leather field, and nanotechnology in the future will also be applied to leather, which has a great impact on leather design and manufacturing. For example, acoustic technology can make leather more uniform and uniform, and can make the enzyme transferability, also can reduce the waste of leather. Ultra wave technology will be easier to penetrate into leather, Sichuan University has also carried out research in this area, and achieved preliminary success. The application of nanotechnology in leather will also be gradually launched. Sichuan University and Shaanxi University have discussed this aspect, and have achieved preliminary results. For example, the development of nano tanning agent can solve the problem of material pollution. Nano coating can be antibacterial and pollution.

??? 3、 The influence of leather development trend on leather goods development.

??? 1. Upgrade the product level. The continuous application of special effect leather and special leather in leather goods production has effectively improved the product grade: functional leather fabric improves the practicability of the product; Aromatic leather fabrics enhance the attraction of products; Rare leather fabrics -- personalized and fashionable products; Leather fabrics produced by high and new technology are both beautiful and practical.
?? ? 2. It promotes the diversification and greening of products. The diversified development of leather fabrics is the cornerstone of the development of leather products towards multiple varieties and styles. With the continuous development of rare leather and special effect leather, leather products will no longer be limited to pigskin, cattle hide, sheepskin and other basic raw materials, and the varieties will no longer be rigid and single due to the limitation of raw materials. The use or combination of different special effect leather and rare leather will make leather products present different styles.
? With the application of high and new technology and the implementation of clean production technology, leather fabrics will no longer contain hexavalent chromium, formaldehyde, azo dyes and other substances that cause environmental pollution and harm to human body, and gradually realize green and ecological. Then leather as the end product of leather, green, ecological will be around the corner.
??? 3. Promote the creation of international brands. For a long time, although China's leather industry has made great progress and created some famous brands such as "Top 12 bags", it is still inferior to the leather brands in Milan, Florence and Paris.
??? The functional, green, fashionable and high-end development of leather fabrics promotes the high-grade, diversified and green development of leather products. Leather products are favored by consumers and open up the market, thus promoting the establishment of international brands.

?? The distance between China's fur animal breeding industry and world powers

??? 1、 Current situation of fur animal breeding in China
1. Development history, distribution area, breed and quantity
China's fur animal breeding industry began in 1956 and has a history of 50 years. The main breeding areas are Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, etc. The main breeds are mink, silver fox, blue fox, raccoon dog, etc. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than ten thousand fur animal farms in China, with one million employees. There are about 40 million fur animals in stock, including 20 million minks, 12 million foxes and 8 million raccoon dogs. It has become a real fur animal breeding country.
China's fur animal breeding industry has developed from the original foreign trade state-owned breeding to the current state-owned collective and individual development, and most of them are individual; The number of breeding has developed from thousands to tens of millions at present; The breed has developed from the original one to the current mink, Fox and raccoon dog breeds; The management mode has developed from unified management to decentralized management; The mode of product trade has developed from unified purchase and marketing to free trade at present; China has been transformed from an original raw material exporting country to a raw material importing country now. It is a real breeding developing country.
2. Feeding management
Compared with Denmark and the United States, China's fur animal feeding and management mode is different. From the perspective of management mode, there are state-owned, collective and individual; From the quality of breeding animals, there are good and bad; In terms of nutrition standards, there are high and low; In terms of feeding facilities, there are both modern and primitive ones; From the management level, it is even more uneven. Fur animal feeding and management, breeding, disease prevention and treatment, product processing and so on are still in a relatively primitive backward, traditional extensive, not very scientific state. The national per capita feeding quota is still around 100, and the labor productivity is relatively low. There are some differences between the fresh and dry feed of fur animals in feed formula, processing and preparation, feeding methods and so on. It is difficult to ensure the nutritional needs of minks at different stages, which leads to the instability of production level.
3. Product trade
Chinese mink trading mode is still in a primitive and backward free trading mode, the market order is relatively chaotic, there is no unified quality standard, there is no standardized price system, there is no fair trading market environment, with great blindness and risk. It is not conducive to the stable, sustainable and healthy development of the industry.
4. Industry management
Although some provinces and cities have established their own industry organizations in China's fur animal breeding industry, as far as the whole country is concerned, there is no authoritative industry organization to guide the development of fur animal breeding industry in China. The management of the industry is still in a state of no clue. The management is not scientific and standard, and lacks cohesion and combat effectiveness, The future of the industry is uncertain.

The main problems and gaps in fur animal breeding
1. Variety quality difference Our breed quality and product grade are relatively backward. In addition to individual breeding units reaching the international advanced level, the vast majority of breeding enterprises are in the middle and lower reaches of the level, with low product grade and lack of competitiveness.
2. Production level difference Our production level and feeding management level are relatively backward. The average number of bred population is 3.5 or even 2.5 except for some units. The international advanced level is about 4.5-5.5.
3. Differences in feeding management Fur animals also need a good environment, a good life and a good mood, so as to improve the production level and product quality. However, our feeding environment, feeding facilities and feed conditions are still relatively backward, which does not conform to the physiological characteristics of fur animals, and it is difficult to meet the nutritional needs of different periods.
4. Difference of mechanization level Our feeding management, skin processing work is still in the original state of manual operation, high labor intensity, low efficiency, production level and product processing quality can not be guaranteed. In Denmark, only one or two people are required to be engaged in feeding and management work in a 10000 head mink farm, while 30-40 people are needed in China. Denmark mink skin processing almost all mechanization, automation, line work, and we still manual operation.
5. Product trade differences The mink trade in Denmark is mainly conducted in the form of auction, which truly reflects the high quality and good price and fair bidding, while the domestic mink trade is in the state of free trade, which is not suitable for the development of the industry.
6. Industry management differences Under the unified organization and coordination of the industry association, the mink farms in Denmark are provided with feed processing plants, equipment processing plants, local veterinarians, scientific research institutions, auction houses and supporting services. However, there is no unified industry organization supporting service in China, and the main industry is out of touch with related industries. Any farm must have a complete set of functions, such as feeding management, feed processing, equipment processing, disease prevention and control, product sales, etc., which is not professional, systematic, scientific, non-standard and disorderly.

　 3. Fur animal breeding in China