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How To Carry Out Personal Career Planning

2008/11/28 11:47:00 41939

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Career planning is very important for career success. If you want to get better in the new year, you have to make a career plan for yourself.

So how do we plan our career?

　　如何進行個人職業生涯規劃

　　職業生涯規劃的雙重視角

Career planning actually includes two levels: one is the personal career planning based on the development of the organization, the other is the career planning based on personal career development.

Any practical career planning should take these two aspects into account.

But for different people, the proportion of their consideration is different. Their differences are balanced by two dimensions of career commitment and organizational commitment.

Career commitment can be defined as "a person's attitude toward his chosen career" or "someone's motivation to work in a selected occupation". Usually, career commitment includes the establishment of personal career goals and the recognition and devotion to these goals.

Personal willingness to devote energy and continuous pursuit of personal career goals can be seen as a high level of career commitment.

The core is occupational commitment and "obsession" with the chosen profession.

Organizational commitment refers to the degree of individual input and recognition to an organization. It consists of three parts: first, the strong belief and acceptance of organizational goals; two, the desire to play a role in the organization; and three, the strong desire to maintain organizational membership.

The interaction between career commitment and organizational commitment on two individual career planning can be illustrated in Figure 1.

Those with higher organizational commitment will be more willing to develop their career in the same organization, while those with higher career commitment will regard the enterprise as a springboard for a stage.

Generally speaking, from the perspective of ease of operation or from the perspective of an enterprise, we are more willing to talk about personal career planning based on organizational development as the main content.

Here we will focus on the way of individual career planning based on organizational development.

　　職業生涯規劃的流程與方法

The career planning process includes seven basic steps: establishing a correct career development belief, self assessment, career opportunity assessment, career orientation, setting development goals, formulating action plans and implementation plans, career assessment and feedback.

　　1、樹立正確的生涯發展信念。生涯發展的信念是事業成功的基本前提。俗話說“志不定，天下無可成之事”。立志是人生的起跑點，反映著一個人的理想、胸懷、情趣和價值觀，影響著一個人的奮斗目標及成就的大小。所以，在制定生涯規劃時，首先要確立人生志向，期望人生取得更大發展，這是制定職業生涯規劃的關鍵。

　　2、自我評估。自我評估的目的是認識自己，了解自己。因為只有認識了自己，才能對自己的職業作出正確的選擇。一般來說，自我評估包括自己的興趣、特長、性格、學識、技能、智商以及組織管理、協調、活動能力等。

　　3、生涯機會的評估。生涯機會的評估主要是評估各種環境對自己生涯發展的影響。每一個人都處在一定的環境之中，離開了這個環境，便無法生存與成長。所以，在制定個人的職業生涯規劃時，要分析環境條件的特點、環境的發展變化情況、自己與環境的關系、自己在這個環境中的地位、環境對自己提出的要求，以及環境對自己的有利條件與不利條件等等。只有對這些環境因素充分了解，才能做到在復雜的環境中避害趨利，使生涯規劃具有實際意義。如組織環境因素評估包括組織發展戰略、人力資源需求、晉升發展機會等等。

　　4、職業方向定位。通過自我評估及生涯機會評估，結合生涯發展愿望，我們可初步確立個人的職業發展方向，如具體的行業/領域、職業、職位、希望發展的高度等。

　　5、設定發展目標。生涯目標的設定是職業生涯規劃的核心。一個人事業的成敗，很大程度上取決于有無正確適當的目標。沒有目標，就如同大海的孤舟，四野茫茫；有了目標，目標就猶如海洋中的燈塔，引導你避開險礁暗石，走向成功。職業生涯目標的設定，是以自己的最佳才能、最優性格、最大興趣、最有利的環境等信息為依據，通常包括人生目標、長期目標、中期目標與短期目標的確定，它們分別與人生規劃、長期規劃、中期規劃和短期規劃相對應。一般，我們首先要根據個人的專業、性格、氣質和價值觀以及社會的發展趨勢確定自己的人生目標和長期目標，然后再把人生目標和長期目標進行分化，根據個人的經歷和所處的組織環境制定相應的中期目標和短期目標。

　　6、制定行動方案與實施計劃。在確定了生涯目標后，行動變成了關鍵的環節。沒有達成目標的行動，就不能達成目標，也就談不上事業的成功。這里所指的行動是指落實目標的具體措施，主要包括工作、訓練、教育、輪崗等方面的措施。例如，為達成目標，你通過什么樣的通道來實現？在工作方面，你計劃采取什么措施提高你的工作效率？在業務素質方面，你計劃如何提高你的業務能力？在潛能開發方面，采取什么措施開發你的潛能？這些都要有具體的計劃與明確的措施，以便定時檢查。

　　7、生涯評估與反饋。俗話說“計劃趕不上變化”，影響生涯規劃的因素很多。有的變化因素是可以預測的，而有的變化因素難以預測。在此狀況下，要使生涯規劃行之有效，就須不斷地對生涯規劃進行評估與修訂。其修訂的內容包括：職業的重新選擇、生涯路線的選擇、人生目標的修正、實施措施與計劃的變更等等。

職業生涯規劃的原則

To achieve the smooth implementation of career planning, we must abide by some basic principles.

　　首先，必須實事求是。準確的自我認識和自我評價是制定個人職業計劃的前提。

　　其次，職業規劃方案必須切實可行。個人的職業目標一定要同自己的能力、特質及工作適應性相符合，一個學歷不高又無專長的員工，卻一心想進入管理層，在現代企業中顯然不切實際。其次，個人職業目標和職業道路的確定，要考慮到客觀環境條件。例如，在一個論資排輩的企業里，剛畢業的大學生就不宜把擔當重要管理工作確定為自己的短期職業目標。

　　第三，個人職業目標要與企業目標協調一致。員工是借助于企業來實現自己的職業目標的，其職業計劃必須要在為企業目標奮斗的過程中實現。離開企業的目標，便沒有個人的職業發展，甚至難以在企業中立足。所以，員工在制定計劃時，要與企業目標協調一致。

After understanding the above contents, we can carry out our own career planning accordingly.

Of course, you may encounter many difficulties in practical operation, such as "what kind of person am I?"

"Too little career information, no decision!"

"What kind of action plan is better for me?"

Wait.

It is wise to seek professional career advice agencies.