The Rising Modern Quotient Has Four Connotations.

How did spring merchants grow and grow?

What kind of cultural spirit and character are there in this group?

How should we develop the spirit of quotient in the new era?

With these questions, I have an exclusive interview with Dr. Liu Wenbo, an associate professor of Quanzhou Normal University and a researcher at the Fujian business research center of Huaqiao University.

The emergence of modern quotient

In 2004, Chen Feng, a scholar, said: "influenced by the geographical environment and human factors, the businessmen in Fujian are very difficult to speak in a word. Businessmen in Northern Fujian are in a poor mood. Businessmen in Fujian are seeking stability and chaos, and businessmen in Western Fujian are heavy in cohesion. Businessmen in South Fujian are concerned about" excessive "and" going abroad ". From the perspective of businessmen's quality and business spirit, businessmen in Southern Fujian are the best group because they are business oriented and have strong market awareness.

In this regard, Liu Wenbo agreed.

He said that quotient is the main body of Fujian businessmen and an outstanding representative of Fujian merchants.

He believes that the study of quotient should be based on the vision of Fujian businessmen and Fujian, and not stick to the corner of Quanzhou.

Therefore, Liu Wenbo believes that if we want to discuss the formation and rise of quotient, we can not fail to mention the formation and rise of Fujian businessmen.

Liu Wenbo introduced the issue of several active periods in the history of Fujian merchants, which has been summarized by scholar Guo Zhaojin.

Guo Zhaojin believed that during the song and Yuan Dynasties, Fujian merchants had their first peak.

At that time, many Persians and Arabs went to Quanzhou to do business. During this period, Fujian merchants combined with foreign businessmen, business activities were very active.

At that time, Quanzhou's international trade and shipping industry was very well-developed. As we all know, the ancient boat of the Song Dynasty unearthed in 1970s was the witness of the flourishing of Fujian merchants.

At least in the Song Dynasty, the Min people had basically mastered the various technologies of ocean safety navigation.

Every year, we choose to sail in the south of the north wind in the south, and choose the spring return from the warm wind in the coming year.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the southward shift of the political and cultural center, the paper industry and printing industry in Northern Fujian were promoted. Jianyang Ma Sha was once the printing and publishing center of the whole country at that time.

Dehua porcelain and Zhangzhou New Year's paintings also reached a very high artistic level in Song Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was the heyday of Fujian maritime merchants.

Ming and Qing Dynasties were another active period of Fujian merchants, mainly in navigation and foreign trade.

Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean were mainly opened by the people of Fujian.

Zheng He's voyage to the western part of the fleet was made in Fujian. Quite a few sailors were from Fujian.

The Ming Dynasty was the prosperous period of Fujian merchants, which was dominated by the maritime merchants.

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the central court once practiced a ban on sea trade, and the Fujian maritime merchants who controlled the southeast coast's maritime supremacy were severely hit.

In 1684 (the twenty-three year of Kangxi), the Qing government issued the "exhibition of sea order", which formally lifted the ban on maritime trade. However, the Fujian maritime merchants, who were badly hurt, had a declining trend in terms of business scope and activity ability compared with the Ming Dynasty.

By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Fujian's maritime merchants were on the decline.

Because of the entry of foreign ships, a large number of Fujian sailors were unemployed, and the sea traders were the main body of the Fujian business gang. Since then, Fujian merchants have no longer seen the scenery in China.

When local Fujian merchants were on the wane, Guo Zhaojin found another merchant team in the southeast of China rising quietly.

After the middle of the nineteenth Century, a large number of Fujian ancestors migrated to the South Ocean. Most of them were working class members, who had gone to sea in other lands to act as coolers, but only for food and clothing.

Some of them worked hard and started business as a young businessman to become a successful entrepreneur on the richest side.

According to statistics, there are 11 million overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese in Fujian. They are distributed in more than 160 countries and regions: About 1200000 people from Hong Kong and Macao in Fujian, and 9 million Taiwanese in Taiwan.

These assets are estimated to exceed US $300 billion.

It is not too much to say that the Min business group is the first business group of overseas Chinese businessmen.

According to the "2003 international top 500 businessmen in China" published by Asia Weekly, there are 101 Chinese businessmen in Taiwan except for the enterprises in Hongkong. Among them, there are 101 merchants, including 83 in Southeast Asian countries and 18 in the Hongkong area, with a total assets of 256 billion 10 million US dollars, accounting for 39.9% and 36.8% of the number of enterprises listed on the list and total assets.

Quanzhou is the main ancestral home of the famous overseas Chinese and the Han compatriots in Taiwan.

There are about 6200000 overseas Chinese and Chinese in the city, about 800000 of them live in Hongkong and Macao, and 44.8% of the Han compatriots in Taiwan belong to Quanzhou.

With the full implementation of the policy of reform and opening up in mainland China, the modern quotient, who is full of fighting spirit, has risen again, including the vast numbers of overseas Chinese living in Quanzhou, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots.

Thanks to the great help and cooperation of overseas Fujian businessmen, many "local faction" quotient completed capital accumulation in a short time, expanded everywhere, and rapidly emerged in the domestic market, becoming a new star group in the Chinese business community.

Under the background of reform and opening up, quotient's nature of struggle and mercantilism is reflected again. The general sense of business in the public is fully stimulated.

The rapid rise of modern quotient has created many miracles.

Quanzhou has become the famous brand capital of China and the "shoes capital of China" (Jinjiang), "stone capital" (Nanan), "stone carving capital" (Huian), "tea capital" (Anxi), "sportswear capital" (stone lions), "ceramic capital" (Dehua) and "resin capital" (Fortress).

Modern quotient inherits the tradition of "where there is money to earn where there is a shadow of Quanzhou people", and seize the opportunity to invest extensively outside the province.

According to incomplete statistics, the number of Fujian businessmen investing in the whole country is more than 2 million 500 thousand. Among them, there are 700 thousand "Quanzhou legions" in Fujian businessmen.

Quotient has established community organizations in more than 10 overseas countries and regions.

So far, Quanhui has set up more than 100 chambers of Commerce in more than 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

Quanzhou people who go out to do business and run businesses have created a total annual sales volume of over 160 billion yuan, which is equivalent to rebuilding a Quanzhou market.

Four connotations of quotient spirit

"Fujian merchants began to be active in the overseas trade activities from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the rise and prosperity of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In this process, the special regional environment and historical conditions of Fujian gave birth to the characteristics of Fujian culture and also the inherent character of Fujian merchants.

The quotient is the best in Fujian merchants, and the inherent character of Fujian merchants is also the typical character of the quotient. "

Liu Wenbo believes that the Quanzhou people strive for self-improvement, perseverance, solidarity and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of business, and the market consciousness that permeates the blood, making them an indispensable force in China's economic tide.

In Liu Wenbo's view, the main characteristics of Fujian businessmen are mainly four aspects.

First, we must emphasize the concept of business reality.

The early Fujian people were forced to enter the sea for trade because of their livelihoods. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of commodity economy had an impact on the values of people in the coastal areas of Fujian, including Quanzhou. People's concept of employment was no longer confined to agriculture, and mercantile pursuit of profits was advocated by people.

Second, pioneering spirit.

Because of the tradition of foreign trade in the song and Yuan Dynasties and the smuggling in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, merchants in Quanzhou dominated the business venture spirit of "fighting hard to win".

Therefore, quotient generally believes that "three points are doomed, seven points depend on hard work", advocating "youth not fighting, old without fame", "three points, seven skills and bravery", more open and outward development consciousness.

Third, love the motherland complex.

The tradition of emigration makes Fujian people pay more attention to the relationship between blood and geographically. In business management, they are accustomed to forming a business network with ties of blood and geographically.

At the same time, after the success of his career, he is willing to give back to his hometown and build his hometown.

Fourth, inclusive mentality.

Fujian culture is the integration of the ancient Yue culture and the Han culture of the Central Plains. Moreover, it is located on the southeast coast. It is easier to contact foreign cultures in the song and Yuan Dynasties, the starting point of the maritime Silk Road, or the five port of Commerce in the Qing Dynasty.

The handover of many cultures enables Fujian businessmen to have an open mind which is inclusive and good at learning.

"This spirit of quotient is rooted in marine culture."

Liu Wenbo said that China first engaged in overseas trade as the quotient of quotient.

Quanzhou is located in the southeastern part of Fujian, facing the sea from Taiwan, facing the sea on the pillow.

Quanzhou is sparsely populated, densely populated and vast in sea area with a total area of 11360 square kilometers, which makes Quanzhou people only seek survival and development to the sea.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou's "Erythrina port" has always been China's main foreign trade port, and is the starting point of the ancient "maritime Silk Road".

Around eleventh Century, traders in Quanzhou had frequent Korea ports. In the year 1012-1192, there were more than 100 merchants from the Song Dynasty, and the number of merchants in Quanzhou was over 4500.

According to the history of Korea, 19 merchant ships from Quanzhou arrived in Korea in 1015-1090 ad.

Quanzhou businessmen have the tradition of trade with Hainan Island, Annan and Zhan City, and trade with India peninsula is frequent, even to India's west coast.

In the Ming Dynasty Xie Zhao system, "five miscellaneous", wrote: the East is North Korea, the southeast is Ryukyu, Lv Song, South is Annan, Zhan City, southwest is full of Kago and Siam, and they are trading with each other.

The flag of Quanzhou ship in Ming Dynasty was discovered in Hiroshima, Japan. It recorded the course of developing folk trade between Quanzhou people named Cai Fu and Japan. This is the earliest advertisement sign found by Quanzhou people and foreigners.

In addition to overseas trade and trade, Quanzhou people also infiltrate all over the country.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were thousands of Quanzhou businessmen in Suzhou alone.

In addition, as far away from the Central Plains cultural area, the influence of traditional customs in Central Plains is relatively weak, especially in the traditional culture of the Central Plains, and the concept of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" can hardly be affected.

Against this background, the connotation of quotient spirit is quite different from that of traditional agricultural area merchants.

Such as the value of heavy profits, the spirit of adventure and enterprising spirit, the concept of "business to become rich" and "pride in business" is very popular in Southern Fujian.

This strong ocean character has broken through traditional culture in many fields and adapted to the regional development of society, economy and culture.

Again, we should emphasize actual effect, oppose empty talk and pay attention to flexibility. In Quanshang's view, it is useless to say "morality" when leaving utilitarian (practical interests). "Morality" and "utility" should be unified.

Flexibility is based on changing circumstances and actual conditions, constantly changing their own ideological and understanding, direction and methods of work, in order to achieve greater effectiveness.

"Quanzhou people are all fierce.

The biggest feature of quotient is that, because they have always been in the stormy waves of marine culture, they never change their minds, love to fight hard to win, and make themselves acquire a stubborn survival ability.

Quotient spirit is a spirit of daring to think, dare to do and dare to be first; a pragmatic and realistic spirit of seeking industry and dedication; a spirit of perseverance and never say die.

This spirit of quotient was gradually formed in the special geographical environment after the baptism of history in 2000. Its rich and varied forms determine to a certain extent the development process of quotient.

Liu Wenbo said.

Quotient spirit needs pformation

The formation of Quanshang spirit has played a great role in the development of Quanshang.

Liu Wenbo said, "of course, we should not ignore its limitations.

In the new situation, how to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses can not only carry forward business and pursue profits, but also avoid quick success and instant benefits. They can not only make pioneering efforts, "dare to take the lead in the world", be innovative, but also do not break laws and regulations; they can not only promote love for their ancestors, but also break through blood and geopolitical constraints, standardize enterprise management, promote the pformation of enterprise system, and expand private economy; they can not only absorb everything but also pay attention to principles.

This is worth pondering and enlighten the development of modern quotient.

According to the introduction, the academia has long been concerned about the spirit of quotient, or the inherent limitations of the spirit of Fujian businessmen and how to pform the spirit of Fujian businessmen in the new era.

Guo Zhaojin, a scholar, believes that the spirit of Fujian merchants needs modern pformation. It must not only focus on the special significance of Fujian businessmen to the city and its cultural characteristics, but also combine with the far-reaching significance of China's overall situation and global market. With the spirit of the former Fujian merchants as the starting point, it constantly updates, injecting fresh blood that meets the needs of the times, enriching and improving the core of Fujian businessmen's spirit, which is very important for contemporary min merchants.

Liao Xinping, a scholar, believes that in order to maintain the sustainable development of Fujian businessmen, the new Min merchants should also face their shortcomings when they are rising rapidly.

First, many new Fujian businesses are built on the cheap input and utilization of single labor resources. Their core technology and core value of the brand need to be developed. This kind of cheap low-level competition is not conducive to stable export of products, and sustained economic growth is easily subject to people.

Second, the new Fujian merchants still have a large number of family management models that inherit the traditional business ties with blood ties, which can not meet the strategic needs of economic globalization and competition internationalization, and lack of perfect modern enterprise system guarantee.

Third, with the development of new Fujian businessmen, the concealed official business complex is a hotbed of political corruption and businessmen's speculation and wealth. It will seriously damage the establishment of an open, equal, free and standardized market competition order and a stable, United and harmonious social order, and will also impede the development of Fujian's economy.

Su Dongshui, a scholar of Fujian Province, proposed that the business philosophy and business models of the merchants, including quotient, must be innovated: 1., expand the development path, steadily promote pnational operation and find new development space; 2., constantly adjust the industrial structure, improve the innovation ability, and truly become strong and powerful industries, not only avoid the decentralization of power, but also grasp the pulse of the development of the world industry, seize the development opportunities in a timely manner; and 3., promote the integration of family capital and social capital.

The key is to combine institutional advantages of family businesses, carry out institutional innovation, maintain and expand their own advantages, and 4. enhance the openness of Fujian business network.

The development of the economic network of Fujian businessmen is restricted by factors such as blood relationship, which is easy to produce exclusionary behavior, which is not conducive to the protection of the interests and business development of Fujian businessmen.