Garment Garment Production In Detail

1. Methods of clothing manufacturing

Clothing can be roughly divided into two categories according to their production / manufacturing methods: customized form and ready-made or ready-made garments.

These two kinds of clothing manufacturing methods have a certain impact on the operation of garment factories.

Customized garment production:

Many garments are customized according to the requirements of individual customers. Orders for clothing are usually one or more pieces.

These clothes have different styles and details, and they need to be tailored according to the customers' size, size and individual requirements, so they can fit the customers' stature and requirements.

So they usually rely on tailors to operate all the processes independently, and finish the whole garment from head to tail.

Custom made garments have the following advantages:

1. people of different sizes can get fit clothes.

2. because clothes are made according to the requirements of individual customers, customers can decide the style and material of the clothes.

3. because the styles and materials of the tailored clothes need not be uniform, they can reflect the preferences and styles of individual wearers.

However, custom made clothing also has its disadvantages.

1. because tailored garments need to be tailored to the needs of individual orders, tailors may need more time to deliver clothes to customers.

2. because sewing is made individually, the price of the tailored garment may be more expensive.

3. quality is also different from individual tailors.

The production mode of ready-made garments (clothing production):

The garments are sewn in a fixed style and size.

This kind of clothing is produced in large quantities, and it is pported to various parts of the world and sold all over the world at the completion stage. Therefore, garment production promotes the modernization of the garment industry in terms of retailing, manufacturing and supply and marketing. In addition, because of mass production, the production cost is lower than that of the custom-made clothing, so that customers can buy clothes that are worth the value and the price is reasonable.

Moreover, different brands offer different sizes and size tables, so that more people can buy clothes that fit well.

In terms of ready-made garments, the most ideal production arrangement is to produce clothes of the same style, color and size at a fixed speed, and to achieve equal sales volume and output. However, this situation is not actually possible. The reasons are as follows:

1. the styles of fashion are varied, and they are changing all the time.

2. clothing should be seasonally oriented and needs different garments in different seasons.

3. the size of clothing needs to be varied, because the shape of each person is different.

4. the economy will rise and fall, so people's spending on clothing will change.

5. there are trade restrictions in the world, such as quotas, tariffs and trade agreement (GATT), etc.

6. regional culture and climate are different, and demand is not uniform.

The traditional way of making clothes is:

More than 100 years ago, the traditional way of making clothes was that one person was responsible for making the whole dress. The tailor only needed to occupy a small room at home or in the shop.

In those days, clothes were custom-made and tailored to meet different needs of customers.

Customers are mainly rich people, such as landlords, merchants and nobles.

The poorer families, such as farmers and workers, wear more old clothes thrown away by rich families. Sometimes they may gather some materials to sew themselves or even make their own cloth, so we can see why the clothes of the working class were mostly simple and rough at that time.

Rich people employ tailors to sew clothes for themselves and their servants, and the uniform styles of housekeepers and drivers are usually designed according to their preferences.

The clothes were made by tailors alone.

In the early nineteenth Century, clothing cars came out and mainly improved in Europe and America, which changed the traditional way of dressing. The process of garment began to have division of labor.

For example, the operator of the clothing truck needs special technology, so the workers who employ full-time vehicle operators and manual workers are more efficient and help to reduce costs.

The early garment factories gradually developed from that era.

At that time, the general garment factory adopted the practice of "MAKE THROUGH SYSTEM" now. The way of operation is that most of the processes of a garment are completed by one person, and some other processes, such as apprentices, are not needed for many other processes.

Each garment is made according to the requirements of the customer.

The work place usually has a 120cm ride 60cm's vehicle platform, messy place all sewing tools, but does not have the special purpose vehicle accessories.

Manual workers sit cross legged on the floor or on the floor. Knees are used as worktables.

Small garment factories generally have poor conditions and lack of lighting.

After 1830, France and the United Kingdom took the lead in opening a garment factory with machinery and equipment. The machine was operated by special technicians, and the processes needed to be done by hands were also completed in the factory or distributed to others at home.

The proprietors of these factories soon learned that the production process could be divided into machine sewing, hand sewing and pressing, button door making and manual processing.

After each special process is completed, the clothes will be returned to the preceding "tailor".

This method is suitable for sewing tailored clothes and clothing samples.

These clothes are tailored to individual requirements.

The above way is still the basic way of making clothes, and evolved from the previous practice of the invention of the clothes and cars. Today, the basic way is to divide the sewing process into fine processes, and distribute them to each sewing worker properly through more rigorous production arrangements, and each sewing worker is usually only responsible for a single specialized process, thus improving the production efficiency.

The work of clothing (Garment) factories:

Different garment factories have different organizational structures and objectives, but we can divide the work of garment factories into two categories:

1. production work is to make raw materials into clothes that customers need.

2. administrative and logistics work is to provide all the necessary raw materials and services to ensure the smooth production of clothing.

The production work of garment factories includes the following:

Design: in general, most medium-sized and large garment factories employ designers to create clothing series to meet customers' needs.

Design work can be divided into two different categories:

Creative design is that designers design and sketch all kinds of clothes with reference to fashion trends and market trends.

Technical design - designers try to make their own designs. They want to know what material to choose, and the equipment and employee technology of the garment factory.

In the design work, the application of computer is becoming more and more extensive.

Head sample: when a preliminary design is made, the next step is to draw the pattern required for the design of the drawings.

The first pattern drawn from the original design is commonly referred to as the head or the original in the garment industry, and the head is usually the standard size or the middle size.

And the technical requirements for drawing the head are relatively high, which is generally called "master" in the industry.

Sample production: when the initial sample is completed, the next step is based on the sample cutting.

This procedure is usually arranged in the office of the factory, and can be divided into the process of cutting and sewing.

Sample production is usually done in only one or several parts, so the staff in the garment factory usually choose skilled workers, such as sewing workers in the house can usually complete the whole sample sewing process.

When the sample is completed, if some places can not meet the requirements of customers or customers need to change some places or styles, the usual process needs to start from the initial sample, then change the pattern and do the new sample again. It may be repeated several times until the customer is completely satisfied.

Pattern code: when the sample of clothing is accepted by customers, the next step is to draw different sizes of patterns according to the requirements of customers.

In the work of pattern placement, the application of computers is one of the most extensive and earliest computer aided production design in the process of garment production.

Order the necessary fabric and accessories: after the customer accepts the sample, the garment factory will need to order cloth and accessories according to the required quantity for production.

Many garment factories have the most problems in this area, such as: inaccurate estimation, quality and quantity of fabric and accessories, delays in delivery, which eventually lead to impeding production and delays in delivery to customers. Quality problems arise only when finished products. Serious customers may return products.

Cutting cloth:

This work can be further subdivided into the following processes:

1. plan the size and quantity of garment cutting pieces and the number of layers to be cut. Usually, according to the size and number of instructions (ASSORTMENT), the number of beds and the number of beds needed to be cut are planned according to the size and number of instructions.

2. row mark rack production (MARKER PLANNING)

Generally speaking, the garment factory cuts the cloth into the shape of the shirt and then makes it into a ready-made garment.

In order to tailor a large number of garments accurately, special cutting tools and arrangements should be adopted.

After checking the accuracy of the pattern, arrange the pattern sheets on the paper to make a combination.

The function of the mark rack is arranged under the principle of the most saving material, so that the direct cost is reduced to the minimum, and the most accurate amount is calculated from the mark rack.

The layout of the frame is a technical work. It must consider a number of technical requirements, such as the direction of cloth, the width of cloth, the nature of cloth, the combination of size and the length of the ready cloth. Computer aided mark design is also one of the earliest and most widely used technologies in the garment industry.

3. cloth and cutting

During the Labu period, the staff were stacked on the cutting bed by hand or machine according to the plan of (I) and the length of the (II) mark.

After finishing, put the mark rack on the top of the clothes.

Then, the tailoring mechanic will cut the material according to the shape of the mark.

The cut pieces will be classified and strapped according to the requirements of the seams.

In order to control the production, each piece will be tagged, and then sent to the sewing production line to sew into the whole garment.

If the style needs to be lined with cloth or plain cloth, the process required will be very similar.

4. sticky

If some pieces need to be glued, they are usually arranged in the place where the adhesive machine is placed.

Because this is a special machine, usually using appropriate heat and pressure to mix cloth and plain.

5. seams

In the process, each piece will be stitched into the whole dress.

Generally speaking, the sewing process is carried out in a certain order, and the different parts of the clothes are sewn by different workers.

But the way of distribution is to make a production schedule in advance (table 2.1.8), and use the technical management plus production management to arrange suitable process for the right workers, so that the cutting pieces can circulate the workers in the shortest time and complete the whole sewing machine.

For cutting pieces and accessories, they can be pported from one sewing to another by hand, conveyor belt or overhead conveyors.

In the garment factory, the number and location of sewing production lines are the top of the procedures. Therefore, the proportion of sewing production lines is also the largest in the management of garment factories.

Some of the products with high quality requirements are also required to be added to the sewing production line to press the semi finished products in the process of sewing, and then continue sewing. The reason is that some parts are ironed and ironed after completing the sewing.

The arrangement of sewing production line is also different because of different requirements and different needs. It is an important topic in garment production management.

6. ironing

After the clothes are made, they will be ironed to achieve the desired appearance.

The clothes after ironing are particularly beautiful.

The main purpose of ironing is to use heat, steam and pressure.

Heat and steam soften materials, while pressure helps shape the cloth into the desired shape.

The amount of steam and pressure required for different fabrics varies.

The equipment needed for ironing is also different according to different products.

The most basic is the electric iron. Of course, the iron used in industry is usually different from that of the family. The steam required can be divided into central design and independent type.

Because of the need to use steam, it is usually necessary to have a device for removing moisture at the same time to remove excess steam and dry clothes, so that they can maintain a good appearance for a long time.

The humidifying device can also be divided into a central design and an independent device.

In terms of pressure, in addition to manual pressure on hand iron, general clothing production will increase the appearance and appearance of the clothes by clamping machine.

Secondly, the whole ironing equipment has the design of conveyor belt type, semi automatic.

Equipment and video cameras.

7. packaging

Packaging methods can be divided into paperback (folding) or hanging, depending on the needs of different products and different customers.

In the process of paperback or folding, the workers fold the clothes made of each piece according to the requirements of the guests and put them into the plastic bags.

Of course, if necessary, listing or other tag should be dealt with in this procedure, and then put the packed clothes into the carton.

If the customer needs to hang up, the garment will also hang on the coat rack, then hang the plastic bag mouth and seal the plastic bag.

This process is finished.

The cost of shipping is more expensive. The advantage is that it can keep the appearance of the clothes and not press the crepe.

8. storage

The production of one carton of one carton or one by one hanger clothing is delivered to the warehouse until the container (container container) is sent and left to leave the factory.

The production of paperback garments is different from that of the finished goods warehouse which often produces clothing. The finished goods warehouse of the garment production plant needs to install suitable equipment for hanging the finished garments, and there are also many propelled frames for internal pport purposes.

Administration and logistics:

The administrative and logistic work of the garment factory includes the following:

1) market promotion

Marketing is the promotion of factory products.

Generally speaking, manufacturers will do some advertising to make products familiar to outsiders.

The factory may hire business representatives to show products to customers, to hold exhibitions and fashion shows, to publish photographs of products in magazines, or to advertise through radio or television stations.

But generally, the production factories (original processing) that produce the guests' designated orders generally do not have much market promotion work, but focus on the quality and price of the products, so the general profit is low.

At present, more and more manufacturers pay attention to promoting their brands, and many manufacturers have successfully produced their own brand products.

2) procurement

The purchasing department is responsible for the purchase of the required items for the production of the factory, and the resources purchased include machinery, clothing, and even office stationery.

The staff of the purchasing department must ensure that the purchased items are worth the value and deliver them to the factory on time.

The purchasing department can be directly assigned to the production department or under the administrative department.

In general, garment factories in the mainland are located in Hongkong, because Hongkong is more comprehensive in supporting industries.

And this kind of garment factory will be sent to the factory after the purchase of the necessary materials.

However, factories still need to set up departments to rush to inspect and inspect cloth, accessories and other items needed, which directly affect production.

3) Accounting

Accountants mainly have the following five duties:

1. manage the expenses of the company, including staff salaries, rents, taxes, machinery costs and electricity charges.

2., the payment of customers and other sources of income, such as profits and income from investment.

3. ensure that all accounting procedures in the factory are in line with the existing legislation;

4. regularly collate the accounts and provide relevant information for the management to monitor the financial position of the factory.

5. check the wages of the workers.

Most garment factories usually calculate wages by means of piecework remuneration. The method of remuneration for work pieces is usually controlled by work tickets. Accountants must verify the authenticity of work tickets.

4) personnel

The responsibilities of the personnel department are mainly to provide advice and practical guidance for management on matters such as employing staff and labor relations.

Because employees are indispensable or missing elements in the production process, whether personnel management is appropriate or not will have a great impact on the smooth operation of factories.

5) quality control

This is to control the quality of factory products, and not only to maintain the quality of products, but also to improve them to meet the requirements of customers.

Generally speaking, the factory's quality control work includes setting up quality standards, monitoring production processes, testing products, analyzing errors, and reporting relevant information to management.

6) production control

Factories produce all kinds of goods, production control is to co-ordinate the production of these goods involved in various work, its main purpose is to make production resources (manpower, machinery, materials and production methods) to meet customer requirements.

In the process of making cloth, the production control department is responsible for arranging the flow of materials.

After receiving orders from customers, the staff of this department will compile production notices and achieve the highest efficiency at the lowest cost. The purpose is to make the garments that meet the requirements of quality and style within the specified time.

The production control department also needs to control the quantity of inventory and WIP, so as to maximize inventory turnover and increase the available working capital.

The production control work makes the business department and the production department cooperate with each other.

7) maintenance

For every production system to operate effectively, every part of it, such as machinery, plant and facilities, must be maintained.

Because these assets will be damaged for a long time, if they are not inspected regularly and maintained, the quality of garments and the speed of their operation will also be affected. This will damage employee morale.

In small factories, routine machine maintenance work, such as cleaning, refueling and adjustment, is part of the operation of the machine workers. If there is a serious failure or large-scale maintenance, it will be requested by an external maintenance technician or supplier.

As for large factories, there are usually independent maintenance departments and hire repair technicians.

The maintenance staff is responsible for the maintenance and repair of all machinery and equipment, as well as plant and vehicle.

As for other specialized maintenance work, such as the maintenance of air-conditioner system, it may be necessary to be identified by other specialized companies.

Generally speaking, the maintenance department of a large garment factory will have its own warehouse and store spare parts which are often needed for daily replacement.

Different types of sewing accessories (butterflies) are also stored in different parts for different needs.