Standard Classification And Standard System

I. classification of standards

Standardization is a complex system engineering. The standard is a large and complex system to meet different requirements. In order to facilitate research and application, people classify the standards from different angles and attributes. Here we put forward the following classification methods from the implementation of China's standardization law.

(1) according to the scope of application

According to the provisions of the standardization law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the "standardization law"), China's standards are divided into four categories: national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards.

1. National standard: the technical requirements which are formulated by the Department of standardization administration under the State Council and need unified national standards are called national standards.

2. Industry standard: the technical standard that needs no national standard and needs to be unified within a certain industry scope of the country shall be formulated by the relevant administrative department under the State Council and submitted to the State Council standardization administration department for record, and is called the industry standard.

3, local standards: without the national standards and industry standards, the safety and hygienic requirements of industrial products that are unified within the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government shall be formulated by the standardized administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and the standards shall be formulated by the competent department of Standardization Administration of the State Council and the relevant administrative departments of industry under the State Council for the record, and shall be called local standards.

4, enterprise standards: products produced by enterprises do not have national standards, industry standards and local standards, and the corresponding enterprise standards formulated by enterprises as the basis for organizing production, or the standards of enterprises (internal control) that are applicable to enterprises that are stricter than national standards, industrial standards or landowners standards, are formulated by enterprises themselves, and are referred to as enterprise standards according to the standards laid down by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central People's Government (without internal control standards).

These four kinds of standards are mainly the different scope of application, not the level of standard technical level.

(two) according to the binding nature of the law.

1, mandatory standards

The scope of compulsory standards is mainly the standards for protecting human health, personal and property safety and enforcement standards stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

Production, sale and importation of products that do not meet the mandatory standards are prohibited.

According to the provisions of the "standardization law", enterprises and relevant departments must strictly enforce the mandatory standards related to their operation, production, service and management, and no unit or individual may alter or lower the standard without authorization.

Those who cause adverse consequences and even major accidents in violation of mandatory standards shall be given administrative penalties by law and administrative regulations according to the seriousness of the case, until they are investigated for criminal responsibility by judicial organs.

The mandatory standard is an important component of the state's technical regulations. It conforms to the definition of "technical regulations" in the agreement on technical barriers to trade of the world trade organization, that is, "mandatory documents that require product characteristics or corresponding processing methods, including applicable administrative regulations."

Technical regulations may also include, or specifically specify, terms, symbols, packaging labels or labelling requirements for products, processes or production methods. "

In order to connect our mandatory standards with WTO / TBT regulations, the scope should be strictly limited to five aspects: national security, prevention of fraud, protection of human health and safety, protection of life and health of animals and plants, and protection of the environment.

2, recommended standards

The recommended standard is a guiding standard, basically in line with the definition of standards by WTO / TBT, that is, "non mandatory", which is approved by recognized institutions, provides rules, guidelines, or characteristics for products or related production methods for general purpose or repeated use.

Standards can also include, or specifically specify, terms, symbols, packaging standards or labelling requirements for products, processes or production methods.

The recommended standard is voluntary documents.

Since the recommended standards are consistent documents and are not subject to the intervention of the interests of the government and social organizations, they can more scientifically stipulate characteristics or guide production. The standardization law encourages enterprises to actively adopt them. In order to prevent enterprises from using standard fraud consumers, enterprises that require enterprise organizations with lower recommendation standards are required to express their product standards to consumers.

3, standardization and guidance technical documents

The standardized guidance technical document is a standard document for the standardization work in the process of Technological Development (for rapidly changing technology), providing guidance and information for scientific research, design, production, use and management.

The guiding technical document may be determined in accordance with the following circumstances:

(1) technology is still developing, and it is necessary to have corresponding standard documents to guide its development or have standard value.

(2) adoption of technical reports of the international organization for standardization, the International Electrotechnical Commission and other international organizations.

The Department of Standardization Administration of the State Council is responsible for the management of guiding technical documents, and is responsible for making plans, organizing drafting, approving and approving, issuing and issuing certificates.

The guidance technical document number is composed of the guiding technical document code, the order number and the year number.