Colorful And Colorful Traditional Biomass Fibers In China

　　 Biomass fiber can be basically divided into three categories: biomass raw fiber, biomass regenerated fiber and biomass synthetic fiber.

The biomass raw fiber, represented by cotton, wool, linen and silk, is a traditional dominant species in China. Bamboo, hemp fiber, protein fiber, alginate fiber, chitin fiber, cellulose fiber and other direct regenerated cellulose fibers are developing rapidly, which can basically meet the needs of China's economic development and textile industry development. PTT, PLA, PHA and other biomass synthetic fibers have broken through the key technology, and some products have the world's leading capacity.

This article focuses on several representative biomass fibers in China.

Bamboo pulp fiber

Bamboo fiber produced from bamboo is a regenerated cellulose fiber developed in China in recent years. It has good spinnability and wearability, especially antibacterial, bacteriostatic, UV resistant and biodegradable. At present, the country has produced about 50 thousand tons of capacity. Since the advent of bamboo pulp in 2000, the average annual growth rate of bamboo pulp has been maintained at 30%. In the past 10 years, bamboo fiber has truly become a new textile material with independent intellectual property rights and widely applied. Now, domestic bamboo fiber products including bamboo, bamboo cotton, bamboo hemp, bamboo hair, bamboo silk, bamboo Tencel, bamboo Lycra, blended yarn, woven and yarn dyed fabrics have been introduced, and some bamboo pulp fiber products have been initially formed.

At present, the production of bamboo fiber from Hebei Jisu chemical fiber accounts for at least 70% of the total domestic output. The spinning enterprises have Hebei Tianlun, Shandong de cotton, Shandong Huayuan and Baoding Yi cotton. There are quite a lot of weaving, dyeing and finishing products, but the overall level is not high, and product development has great limitations.

PTT fiber

DuPont Co launched biomass PTT resin in 2000. Its trade name is "Sorona". It is made from 1 of biomass made from corn and 3- propylene glycol (PDO) instead of petroleum PDO. At the same time, DuPont Co has also worked with South Korea's new Korean industries, Japanese imperial people and Dongli and Taiwan far east textile companies to jointly develop PTT fibers. China Fujian Haitian Textile Group and DuPont jointly develop PTT polymerization has formed 30 thousand tons / year capacity, Wujiang perch technology company 30 thousand tons / year PTT polymerization is under construction, biomass PDO is in short supply, at present, it is widely concerned about the production of PDO by agricultural and sideline products. Our country has formed considerable capacity in spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing of PTT fibers. The developed garment fabrics already have a certain market capacity and have a steady development trend.

PHA fiber

It is a biocompatible biodegradable polymer produced by various microorganisms, such as soil bacteria, cyanobacteria and transgenic plants. This kind of melt spinning can produce PHA fibers with less environmental pollution and less pollution. At present, the difficulty of fiber processing lies in the high brittleness, poor mechanical properties and narrow temperature range of PHA. If we can break through the key technology of spinning processing and improve the cost control and dyeing performance, PHA fiber will be the most competitive fiber type in the future. Donghua University started the theoretical research of PHA series fiber forming in China, and finally produced some biological fibers with certain physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, it provided a theoretical and technical basis for the direct preparation of functional biomass fibers by melt spinning.

Lyocell fiber

It is a new generation of regenerated cellulose fiber introduced in 1990s. It is made by NMMO organic solvent dissolution and dry wet spinning process. The recovery rate of spinning solvent is over 99%. At present, the annual output of the fiber in the world is over 120 thousand tons, of which Austria Lenzing Co is the most important producer.

Many domestic units have carried out relevant research and development. The Shanghai Rio Fiber Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Shanghai Textile Holding Group, has built a 1000 ton / year Lyocell fiber production line. In July 2009, the Lyoceel Bamboo was successfully developed, and mass production was realized to fill the blank of the fiber dimension in the world. The project of "Engineering Research on key equipment and technology of cellulose fiber by new solvent method" undertaken by the Chinese Academy of textile science has been approved by experts. At present, the engineering test demonstration line for the key equipment of Lyocell fiber with an annual output of 10 tons has been built and has been running steadily and continuously, and the main performance indexes of fiber have reached the advanced level of similar products abroad. Baoding Swan Limited by Share Ltd plans to invest 1 billion 200 million yuan to build a 30 thousand ton production line.

The biggest obstacle to the production of cellulose fibers by NMMO is the problem of intellectual property rights. Courtaulds, AKZO Nobel, Lenzing and other companies in China only apply for the technology related patents up to 100, undoubtedly increase the cost of technology development and production.

Milk protein fiber

It is a new type of animal protein fiber made from milk as raw material. It is made from graft copolymerization of bovine cheese protein and acrylonitrile macromolecule. At present, only a few countries in the world can produce.

China began to study milk fiber in 1960s. The milk fiber production technology of Shanghai Zheng Jia Milk Technology Co., Ltd. is a pioneer in China and enjoys national invention patents. At present, domestic manufacturers also have Shanxi Heng Tian textile new fiber technology company, Nenjiang Huaqiang milk protein fiber company, Shenzhen Nike Nick textile and garment company, etc., but the cheese protein content of each enterprise is different.

Chitin fiber

Among the natural organic compounds on earth, the largest number is cellulose, followed by chitin. The former is mainly produced by plants, and the latter is mainly produced by animals.

Compared with foreign countries, the development of chitin textiles started late in China, and the chitin test was carried out in 1952. In 1991, the chitin medical suture was successfully developed at Donghua University, and then the chitosan medical dressing (artificial skin) was developed and applied for patent. In the 1999~2000 year, Donghua University developed chitin series blended yarn and fabric, and made various kinds of health care underwear, tights and baby products.

In 2000, in Weifang, Shandong, the world's first South Korean sole proprietorship with mass production of pure chitin was put into production, with a monthly output of 3 tons. Besides Shanghai, manufacturers in Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces and cities have also developed chitin health care underwear or bedding, and have been put on the market.