Difficult Employment Today, Why Does The Pearl River Delta Shoe Industry And Other Intensive Industries Form "Labor Shortage"?

October 25th, Christmas and new year's two major global festivals are approaching, will the Pearl River Delta encounter? Labor shortage Nandu and the public affairs investigation center of Zhongshan University jointly launched the Pearl River Delta in 2010 Migrant workers In-depth investigation

Since the financial crisis, the labor shortage and labor relations in the Pearl River Delta have become the focus of attention in the political and academic circles. Early this year, the spread of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region, represented by new cities such as Dongguan and Zhongshan, once again raised questions about the living conditions of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta and urban industrial transformation. A general view is that the era of promoting economic growth by cheap labor has ended. The shift from labor-intensive to technology intensive is a recognized trend. Now the impact of the financial crisis has gradually subsided, coupled with the arrival of the two major global festivals of Christmas and new year at the end of the year. Will Guangdong, the world's processing factory, once again meet its annual goal? Exit Peak? During the Spring Festival this year, the frequent occurrence of helplessness due to the lack of workers' abandonment of orders? Has the problem of labour shortage been solved through good channels? Is the economic transformation in the Pearl River Delta really turning to a turning point? In order to further understand the economic and livelihood problems of these PRD, the Southern Metropolis Daily launched a series of research reports on the Pearl River Delta region's economic problems since today, and thoroughly explored the current situation and causes of the economy, society and people's livelihood in the Pearl River Delta region.

The survey report on the income and expenditure structure of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta in 2010 was carried out jointly with the public affairs investigation center of Zhongshan University. This survey explores the living conditions and the economic environment of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region, and helps us understand clearly the survival of the large group that is at the edge of the urban agglomeration.

Friends who have been to Dongguan and Zhongshan after the beginning of the festival may still remember many unique advertisements on the streets, such as the recruitment of enterprises and the rental of factory buildings. Through random interviews and personal feelings of small and medium-sized enterprises in Dongguan, reporters found that although today's recruitment advertisements are no longer ubiquitous, a considerable number of manufacturing enterprises in Dongguan still face difficulties in recruiting workers or employees.

In order to get first-hand information on the employment situation of enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region, the reporter answered the telephone number of many enterprises in the Dongguan area. The answer of the other party was unanimously consistent: "still missing!" and asked why, Lang Xingzhi, director of Humen Guan Huang shoe processing plant in Dongguan, believed that the vicious competition between the similar enterprises was too serious, and the staff often felt impetuous, causing the current manufacturing industry not optimistic. In addition, the labor environment in other parts of the country has also improved, and the attractiveness of the Pearl River Delta region has been relatively weakened. As for industrial transformation, he said he has a wait-and-see attitude at present.

If there is a serious shortage of people, what measures will the company take to deal with it? Deng Qi Quan, the director of Dongguan Ke Guan electrical and Mechanical Co., Ltd., says that enterprises are ambitious, but the difficulty of recruiting workers has not been effectively solved. In order to run factories, the company can only work hard to control costs. On the one hand, they will not give up hiring. However, the person in charge has reservations about whether he is willing to attract talents through salary increase. Dongguan Humen Jie long clothing factory boss Jinhua Jie said, not only recruitment difficulties, clothing industry profits after heavy compression is also few. I am looking for opportunities to see if there are any better opportunities in other industries.

In fact, in addition to the external environment, many migrant workers believe that the salary provided by the enterprises is very important to their attractiveness. Because of the regional strategic planning such as the development of the western region and the rise of central China, many migrant workers choose to work in enterprises that are closer to home, and many people say that "income is also less than where they go, and it is more convenient to reunite with their families." It can be seen that the low wage level in the long term, coupled with rising prices and inflationary pressures are the "culprit" of the labour shortage in the Pearl River Delta. Businesses think they have difficulties. Reporters interviewed a general manager of a clothing factory Deng Deng, he reluctantly said: "not that we are unwilling to raise wages for employees, the current economic situation is still uncertain. Most of the orders we get are short and medium term urgent orders, and the profits of enterprises are very limited, and some even lose money, so they dare not raise their salaries significantly.

There are some reasons for the shortage of migrant workers.

To sum up, there are three reasons for the shortage of migrant workers in society, enterprises and migrant workers. From a social point of view, the background of the financial turmoil has caused certain market trends, so the employment demand as a derivative demand has risen; the central regional development strategy such as the rise of the central region and the development of the western region has also occupied a part of the labor force resources; the long term poor wage level and social security, inhumane household registration and education policies can not meet the economic needs and spiritual comfort of the migrant workers; in the case of rising labor costs, many enterprises consider replacing workers with machines to cope with the shortage of migrant workers.

From the perspective of enterprises, many enterprises do not have enough awareness of human resources management, and have also contributed to the loss of labor force. In the face of the transformation of economic development, many enterprises failed to take foreseeable action on scientific management of human resources ahead of time, and their employers' needs could not be reconciled.

In terms of migrant workers, the group structure is also changing along with the change of economic structure. Nowadays, the banner of the main force of migrant workers has been taken over by the new generation from 80 to 90. Their educational background and spiritual pursuit have already deviated from the first generation of migrant workers. Most of the new generation of migrant workers have secondary school or high school culture. Besides salary and salary, they also attach importance to their career prospects. Therefore, on the employment issue, it is unavoidable that "sometimes we should act with high standards". Many recruiters in the human resources market are deeply impressed by this. "We plan to recruit 200 production workers," a recruitment representative of a computer accessories factory in Dongguan told reporters. But many young people who came to apply for jobs heard about going to the workshop to turn around. However, from another perspective, the demand of the new generation job seekers is a correction to the employment mode of the last generation of migrant workers, and it has a positive role in promoting the public and equality. It should arouse the attention of employers and society.

Wang Yang, Secretary of the Guangdong provincial Party committee, pointed out that the shortage of labor force is relatively temporary and relative to China's huge population base. He concluded that the shortage of labor skill training, the low salary and welfare level of enterprises, and the limited communication channels between employers and employees were the main reasons for the shortage of workers in the Pearl River Delta region.

Does the quality of life of migrant workers improve?

From the survey of the income and expenditure structure of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta in 2010, migrant workers have benefited from the continuous development and improvement of the economy, education and the rule of law. The income of migrant workers is gradually increasing, and the living environment is gradually improving.

The survey shows that the income of migrant workers has increased since July 2009. However, it is worth noting that the level of expenditure for migrant workers is also growing, and food and housing expenditure is significantly higher than that of cultural and educational expenditure. This also means whether the quality of life of migrant workers has been raised.

At the same time, we also see that many enterprises are quite ignorant of the basic rights of migrant workers. Statistics before August 2010 showed that 36.3% of the migrant workers did not sign labor contracts with their units, and the construction workers had a percentage of up to 72.5%. Most migrant workers only buy a social insurance system for them. There are only a handful of units that buy five kinds of social security for migrant workers, accounting for only 9.2%. The words of migrant workers Xiao Yang may have some representativeness: "we do not understand too much. What the factory says is what to sign, as long as wages are given."

According to the information obtained by the investigation team in 2009 and 2010, many migrant workers' children attend schools for migrant workers' children. These schools not only have low fees, but also have relatively poor teaching conditions. Xiao Wu, a migrant worker working in Shunde, told reporters: "our child is three and a half years old. He wants to send him to a kindergarten. Where can I read it?" {page_break}

Geographic depth

Five cities 1588 questionnaires: three questions we are trying to answer

The survey on migrant workers' income and expenditure in the Pearl River Delta started in July 2009, and recorded the income and expenditure of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta region in detail. In August this year, the public affairs investigation center of Zhongshan University and the Southern Metropolis Daily again carried out the "2010 annual survey on the income and expenditure structure of migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta". Combined with the hot topics of this year's rural labor sector, the data of migrant workers' income and expenditure in the Pearl River Delta region were updated, and a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects of the survival of migrant workers was made.

A total of 1588 questionnaires were sent out and 1494 questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 94.1%. The survey was based on five major cities in the Pearl River Delta region: 297 in Guangzhou (19.9%), 292 in Dongguan (19.5%), 289 in Shenzhen (19.3%), 318 in Foshan (21.3%), 300 in Zhuhai (20.1%). The survey focuses on the following questions: 1. Since July 2009, has the income level of migrant workers improved compared with the previous years? If so, what is the improvement rate? If not, what is the reason for it? If not, what is the reason for the increase? 2. What is the change of the expenditure level of migrant workers in the past few years? How do we understand this change? 3. Is there a difference between the income and expenditure structure of migrant workers in the intergenerational level? Whether the coexistence of new and old two generation migrant workers has an impact on the income and expenditure structure of migrant workers? The members of the survey group are mainly students of the government College of Zhongshan University, who are responsible for distributing 30 questionnaires, and are responsible for doing a case study of migrant workers, recording the stories of individual respondents in their group. So we saw vivid images of peasant workers. Some people are full of ambition, some are lost and hesitant; some stories are gratifying, some stories are sad; we see their struggles, and we can also see their hopes.