Advance &Nbsp; Strive To Maintain Stable And Effective Production Of Silkworm Eggs.

　　 1986年以來，在中國農科院蠶業研究所的精心籌劃和具體組織下，兩年一屆的華東地區蠶種學術研討會連續開了11屆，影響很好，為全國蠶種業的發展和進步起了很好的作用。應大家的要求，從今年起蠶種學術研討會范圍擴大到了華中地區，我相信一定會越辦越好，像燎原之火將很快擴大到全國!今天，華東、華中地區各省，以及應邀前來的其他省(區、市〉蠶種界的專家、學者、場長(經理)和官員代表，云集即將迎來辛亥革命勝利100周年的歷史名城武昌，召開第12屆蠶種學術研討會，還要到湖北省農科院經作所參觀剛剛建成的湖北省蠶原種場，我受農業部種植業管理司領導的委托，專程來表示衷心的祝賀!并向大家表示親切的慰問!也借此機會結合全國蠶種和蠶桑生產近兩年發生的變化，向大家介紹點情況和想法，供參考。

Two years ago today, at the eleventh session of the Nanchang conference, facing the whole country

First, sericulture production is going up and down.

Owing to the guiding role of the cocoon price falling sharply for two consecutive years, the sericultural production in China has declined sharply for 2008-2009 years in a row. The mulberry area has been reduced from 14 million 400 thousand mu in 2007 to 11 million 700 thousand mu in 2009, reduced by 2 million 700 thousand mu, and reduced by 18.7%; the total cocoon output has decreased from 79 tons to 560 thousand tons, reducing 230 thousand tons, reducing 29.1%; the fresh cocoon income has dropped from 16 billion yuan in 2006 to 11 billion 100 million yuan in 2008, reducing the 16 billion yuan and decreasing the 16 billion yuan.

Due to a substantial reduction in production for two consecutive years, raw materials in the silk industry are seriously inadequate, and all over the country have raised prices to buy cocoons, resulting in a reduction in production and income last year, and an increase in production and income this year.

According to the statistics of the sericulture production department (stations) of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the production of silkworm mulberry production decreased by 4.8%, the amount of seed production decreased by 18.6% and the cocoon output decreased by 15.5% last year, but the income of cocoon production returned to 12 billion yuan, an increase of 850 million yuan over the previous year and an increase of 7.6%.

This year, mulberry garden area, seed production, cocoon production and cocoon income have increased comprehensively.

San Guo area recovered to 12 million mu, an increase of 300 thousand mu compared with the same period last year. The seed output in spring was 6 million 60 thousand, an increase of 492 thousand, an increase of 8.8% over the same period, and 257 thousand tons of cocoon in spring, an increase of 27 thousand tons, an increase of 11.8% over the same period.

As the price of silkworm cocoons increased sharply over the past year, the silkworm breeding in summer and autumn increased by more than 15% compared with last year. However, due to a slight reduction in yield in some parts of the silkworm area in the Yangtze River Basin, the cocoon production volume is expected to increase by more than 640 thousand tons over the past year, an increase of more than 80 thousand tons over the previous year, increasing by 14.5%. It is close to the annual output level of 2008. According to the typical survey of main production provinces, the price of autumn cocoons is about 10% higher than that of spring cocoons. It is estimated that the national average cocoon price will be 1680 yuan per 50 kg per year, and the income of cocoon production is expected to reach more than 20 billion yuan, increasing by more than 4 billion yuan in 2006.

Two. Silkworm eggs

In the past few years, the decline of cocoon price resulted in a sharp decline in cocoon production, which made silkworm production and management very depressed.

The quantity and output of silkworm eggs in China have reached about 21000000 pieces since 2007.

In the 2008 and 2009 years, not only the price of silkworm eggs dropped by about 50%, but also because of overproduction and about 6000000 silkworm eggs, resulting in a direct economic loss of nearly 200 million yuan. In addition to the efforts made by some provincial sericulture production departments through positive efforts and compensation from the provincial finance, most of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) suffered losses themselves, resulting in a serious loss of silkworm production and operation.

This year, because silkworm production has seen a favorable turn, the supply of silkworm eggs is in short supply. Not only the 13 million silkworm eggs produced last year were sold out, but also the number of silkworm eggs increased in the spring of this year, so that the total number of eggs sold nationwide reached about 16000000, an increase of nearly 2 million from 14 million 320 thousand last year, an increase of 14%.

The output of silkworm eggs decreased by 9.4% compared with the same period in spring, but the cocoon price in spring increased. The seed production in autumn was increasing rapidly. Conservatively expected to produce 15 million seeds in the whole year, an increase of 2 million, an increase of 15.4% over last year.

According to different regions, the silkworm production decreased in the middle and late part of the Yangtze River due to the continuous high temperature in the middle and late 9 months of the Yangtze River. The silkworm egg production decreased slightly in the autumn. The climate in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan was normal in summer and autumn, and the cocoon price increased the enthusiasm of mulberry silkworm breeding. The annual silkworm egg production increased by 20-35%.

Owing to the boom in production and marketing of silkworm eggs this year, the increase in seed prices is relatively large, and the operating income is relatively large. A certain scale of silkworm eggs enterprises generally make up deficits and increase profits. Some silkworm breeding enterprises that have released the prices of silkworm eggs have basically recovered their losses for the first two years of the year (excluding the destruction of silkworm eggs).

For example, the 29 silkworm breeding farm in Guangxi autonomous region produced 7 million 340 thousand silkworm eggs in the first two years, with an average seed price of less than 30 yuan. This year, 4 million 800 thousand silkworm eggs were produced, each of which was more than 45 yuan, and reached 52 yuan higher than the previous two years, which was more than 50% higher than the previous two years.

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Three, strive for progress and strive to maintain stable and effective production of silkworm eggs.

Although the production and operation of silkworm eggs in China has been out of the predicament of serious losses for two years this year, the prospect is still not optimistic.

Silkworm production is affected by the uncertainty of cocoon and silk market, the instability of cocoon price and the insignificant influence of the governments at all levels. The silkworm production and operation will be restricted by the dual mechanism of the production and planning mechanism of the market mechanism, as well as the limitation of most production patterns and single business structure.

Therefore, we must have the sense of staying vigilant in times of danger, serving sericulture production as the purpose, improving efficiency as the center, deepening reform as the driving force, relying on scientific and technological progress as a means to comprehensively improve the overall habit of Chinese silkworm eggs enterprises, while ensuring that all kinds of sericultural production are used at the same time, and strive to maintain the efficiency and stability of silkworm eggs enterprises.

For this reason, I put forward some suggestions for your reference.

(1) deepen the reform of the system and make bigger and stronger silkworm eggs enterprises.

In the past few years, the reform and restructuring of the national silkworm production enterprises have reduced the public ownership system and increased the number of private enterprises. On the operational mechanism, the planned economic components have been reduced, the market economy components have increased, the quality of enterprises has been reduced, and the quality and efficiency have been improved.

However, after years of operation, especially in the past two years, the test of the great fluctuation of the silkworm egg market shows that this reform and restructuring are not yet thorough.

First, the number of silkworm farms is still too large (more than 250), and a considerable number of silkworm farms produce less than 100 thousand silkworm eggs per year, and the scale of production is too small and the economic benefits are low. Two, some local reform is not perfect, or public ownership is private property management, the responsibility of field leaders is not strong, and there is no enthusiasm for the job workers.

Therefore, we should further deepen the reform and reform of sericulture enterprises in China, encourage the merger, merger, and corporate management between sericulture fields, and guide large enterprises with abundant capital and experienced management to enter sericulture industry in a certain scale to promote the development of silkworm industry in the direction of standardization, intensification and modernization.

It is necessary to perfect the close combination of ownership and operation mechanism of silkworm enterprises. The nature of public ownership should be run according to the operation mode of public owned enterprises. The nature of private ownership should be run according to the operation mode of private enterprises. Government intervention must be compensated in real terms (especially damage to seeds), and enterprises should not be allowed to take risks for the government.

(two) release the price of silkworm eggs and implement the "association" pricing.

In the past few years, silkworm egg production and management were not good enough, and there were reasons for the change of silkworm eggs market.

Most of the 29 silkworm breeding farms in Guangxi were state-owned enterprises. In the past, they managed to die too much. Many enterprises went bankrupt in a series of years. Now the silkworm enterprises have survived. That is because the government has not only subsidized the silkworm farms but also released the seed prices. The autonomous region sericultural Association organized the member units and the silkworm farms together, referring to the silkworm production cost accounting and the actual cocoon price and the price of silkworm eggs in previous years, and agreed on an agreement price, which not only took care of the interests of the producers and operators of silkworm eggs, but also took care of the interests of the silkworm buyers.

Therefore, the price of silkworm eggs increased to 52 yuan per year during the autumn.

According to the experience of Guangxi, it is suggested that the place where the price of silkworm eggs should not be released should be released as soon as possible. The producers, operators and sericultural representatives of the silkworm producers should be organized to establish the association of silkworm eggs, to implement the "association" pricing, to take care of the interests of the three party, and to protect the simple reproduction and the necessary expanded reproduction of silkworm enterprises.

(three) take the silkworm egg production as the main body and actively carry out diversified operations.

At present, most of the production and operation structure of silkworm farms in China is relatively simple. Apart from production and marketing, silkworm eggs have no other way, and their ability to respond is not strong enough.

But in recent years, some silkworm farms and silkworm eggs enterprises have studied the market seriously. For a single silkworm egg product, it is difficult to adapt to the ever-changing market. Instead of relaxing the main industry of silkworm egg production, we actively develop the comprehensive utilization and diversified operation of by-products of silkworm, cocoon and mulberry, which not only make full use of resources, but also increase economic income and improve the efficiency of enterprises.

For example, Shandong Guang Tong silkworm breeding company, on the basis of not relaxing the annual production of about 2 million silkworm eggs, uses the silkworm excrement to extract chlorophyll copper and uranium salts, creating tens of millions of yuan worth of output every year. Under the condition of no sericulture production in the surrounding counties and cities, Guangxi Yulin silkworm breeding farm not only produces 240 thousand silkworms every year to find its own market, but also boldly explores and actively innoves, successively erected the silkworm brew factory and the silk quilt processing factory, and also introduced a foreign capital cooperation to build a four star hotel, which was opened last year.

Therefore, we should actively develop the comprehensive utilization of byproducts of silkworm, cocoon and mulberry on the basis of the positive innovation consciousness and highlight the primary production of silkworm egg production, so as to turn waste into treasure and increase the economic benefits of silkworm eggs enterprises.

(four) strictly observe the "silkworm management measures" to ensure the quality of silkworm eggs.

Since the promulgation of "silkworm management measures" by the Ministry of agriculture in 2006, the agricultural departments at all levels in the Sericulture Area have been conscientiously implemented, especially the vast number of silkworm farms, which have strict demands on themselves, so that the quality of silkworm eggs has been significantly improved.

However, the quality inspection of silkworm eggs carried out by the Ministry of sericulture product quality supervision and testing center has been found annually. There are still some quality problems in some places. Especially, some silkworm farms are not very strict in the prevention and Quarantine of particulate matter, so it is very scary to find out and criticize them.

Therefore, we hope that we will conscientiously strengthen the management of silkworm eggs in the region and its units in accordance with the "silkworm management measures", and strive to ensure that silkworm farms do not produce unqualified silkworm eggs. The silkworm egg quality management departments do not leak quality unqualified silkworm eggs into the market. In particular, we need to ensure that the silkworm eggs that are not produced or not released with particle disease are on the market, ensuring that the quality of each batch of silkworm eggs is qualified, so that the sericultural farmers are satisfied, the leaders are relieved, and the safety of sericulture production is ensured.

(five) strengthening silkworm breeding farm construction and raising silkworm egg production level.

The more than 250 silkworm farms in the whole country, during the "11th Five-Year" period, were built and rebuilt through self financing of state investment and silkworm farms. The production conditions of some farms have improved significantly, and most provinces (districts and cities) have reached the goal of advanced facilities, first-class production and multiple benefits. The production of silkworm farms has improved by about 1/3, production conditions have been improved, and production capacity has been improved.

We must intensify our efforts to improve the silkworm breeding farm on the basis of our efforts to improve the restructuring, especially for those silkworm farms that are built earlier and more dangerous.

During the "12th Five-Year" period, the Ministry of agriculture will continue to make use of limited investment to build up a silkworm breeding farm on the basis of each main production province, and intensify the construction and pformation of the silkworm breeding farm.

It is hoped that the competent departments at all levels and every silkworm farm in the Sericulture Area should also actively strive for funds, strengthen the construction and pformation of silkworm breeding farms, strive to improve the production level of silkworm eggs, and make greater contributions to sericulture production.

(six) strengthen market research and strive for basic balance of production and marketing.

When I analyzed the situation in Nanchang the year before last, I said, "at least the cocoon market will have a resumption of growth in the next year".

But it is hard to say whether it will rise in a straight line or in tortuous development in the future.

As an officer in charge of sericulture production in the Ministry of agriculture, I can only make efforts from two aspects: first, I will promptly reflect the situation to the relevant leaders and departments, put forward suggestions, strive for them to attach importance to sericulture production, strengthen macro regulation and control, and promote continuous and stable development of sericultural production in China. On the other hand, we should advise everyone to pay close attention to the cocoon silk market, study the market trend, and arrange production with market demand. Do not look at the cocoon price as good as in 1995 or 2007.

Sericulture production is the same. Silkworm production is the same. We must carefully study the market trend and determine the scale of production.

In particular, the high cocoon price this year has doubled the income of silkworm rearing. It may mislead some sericultural farmers to rush to buy silkworm eggs and expand their silkworm breeding scale.

In this regard, I want to strive for a document issued in the middle and late November to guide sericultural farmers to stabilize their emotions and stabilize the scale of production.

Today, I would like to invite all the directors and managers to be calm about the current situation. On the one hand, we should not engage in "silkworm wars", raise prices or push down prices, so that we will make too many quantities next year. On the other hand, we should tighten up arrangements for next year's silkworm production plan, and not blindly produce too many seeds, and repeat the mistakes of the previous two years.

Looking back on the lessons we learned in the past few years, we are still in deep sorrow. We should cherish the good situation today and cherish it. I hope you will not forget yesterday, cherish today, and strive to create a better tomorrow, and strive for the continuous improvement of sericulture production and silkworm production efficiency during the "12th Five-Year" period.