Basic Knowledge Of Fabric Tutorial 3- What Is Chemical Fiber?

Chemical fibers (referred to as:

It is made of natural macromolecule compound or synthetic polymer compound as raw material and prepared by spinning process, spinning and post-processing.

English words for chemical fibers: chemical fiber

Chemical fibers fall into two main categories:

(1) man-made fibers, such as viscose fibers and acetate fibers, are made from natural polymer compounds, such as cellulose.

Synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers made from synthetic polymers, such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers and polyacrylonitrile fibers.

Chemical fiber has the advantages of high strength, wear-resistance, small density, good elasticity, no moldy, no insect eating, easy washing and quick drying, but its disadvantages are poor dyeing, large static electricity, poor light and weather resistance and poor water absorption.

Man-made fiber:

There are mainly viscose fiber, nitrate ester fiber, acetate fiber, copper ammonium fiber and artificial protein fiber, among which viscose fiber is divided into ordinary viscose fiber and new viscose fiber with outstanding performance (such as high wet modulus fiber, super strong viscose fiber and permanent crimp viscose fiber, etc.).

Synthetic fiber:

There are mainly polyamide 6 fibers (called nylon or China).

6), polyacrylonitrile fiber (China called acrylic), polyester fiber (China terylene), polypropylene fiber (China called polypropylene), polyvinyl formal fiber (China called vinylon) and special fiber (including corrosion resistant fiber made from tetrafluoroethylene), high temperature resistant fiber at temperatures above 200 degrees, strength over 10 grams / Dan, modulus of more than 200 grams / denier high strength, high modulus fiber, and flame retardant fiber, elastomer fiber, functional fiber, etc.

In 1950s, the research on modification of synthetic fibers was carried out mainly by physical or chemical methods to improve the properties of synthetic fibers such as moisture absorption, dyeing, antistatic, fire resistance, anti fouling, anti pilling and so on. At the same time, the varieties of chemical fibers were also increased.

Chemical fibers are fibers made from natural or artificial polymers.

Chemical fibers can be divided into regenerated fibers and synthetic fibers according to the different sources of raw materials.

(1) regenerated fiber

The production of regenerated fiber is inspired by silkworm's spinning. The textile fibers made from natural macromolecule compounds such as cellulose and protein are made by chemical processing and then prepared by spinning and post-processing.

1. regenerated cellulose fibers, which are made from natural cellulose, are called regenerated cellulose fibers because their chemical composition is similar to natural cellulose and their physical structure has changed.

Viscose fiber is made from natural cotton lint and wood. It has the following outstanding advantages.

(1) feel soft and glossy. Viscose fiber is as soft as cotton fiber and smooth as silk fiber.

(2) moisture absorption and permeability are good. The basic chemical composition of viscose fiber is the same as that of cotton fiber. Therefore, some of its properties are close to cotton fibers. The difference is that its moisture absorption and permeability are better than those of cotton fibers. It can be said that it is the best in terms of hygroscopicity and permeability of all chemical fibers.

(3) dyeing property is good, viscose fiber has strong hygroscopicity, so viscose fiber ratio

It is easier to get colourful, pure and colorful, and has the most complete chromatogram.

The biggest drawback of viscose fiber is poor wet fastness and poor elasticity. The fabric is easy to crease and not easy to recover, and its acid and alkali resistance are not as good as cotton fiber.

2. strong and strong fiber is commonly known as tiger kapok and strong artificial cotton.

It is a denatured viscose fiber.

Compared with ordinary viscose fibers (artificial cotton, artificial wool and rayon), Fu Qiang fiber has the following main characteristics:

(1) strong strength, that is to say, rich and strong fabric is stronger than viscose fabric.

(2) shrinkage is small, and the shrinkage of rich and strong fibers is 1 times smaller than that of viscose fibers.

(3) the elasticity is good, the clothes made of rich and strong fibers are more plate and wrinkle resistant than viscose fibers.

(4) alkali resistance is good. Because the alkali resistance of rich and strong fibers is better than that of viscose fiber, the choice of detergents such as soap and so on is not as strict as viscose fiber in washing.

(two) synthetic fiber

Synthetic fibers are made from synthetic polymers. The commonly used synthetic fibers are polyester.

Nylon, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, vinylon, spandex and so on.

The name of polyester 1. polyester is called polyethylene terephthalate two ester, or polyester fiber.

Polyester is the commodity name of our country. There are "Dacron", "terlon" and "TEFLON" in foreign countries.

Because of its easy availability, excellent performance, wide use and rapid development, polyester fiber has become the first place in the production of chemical fibers.

The biggest feature of polyester is that its elasticity is stronger than any fiber, and its strength and abrasion resistance are better. The fabric made of it is not only 3~4 times more fastness than other fibers, but also has a good reputation for "easy to ironing". The heat resistance of polyester is also strong. It has good chemical stability and will not react with weak acid, weak base and oxidant at normal temperature.

The drawback is that the moisture absorption is very poor, and the fabric it wears is worn on the body and it is stuffy and airtight.

In addition, because of the smooth surface of the fiber and the poor cohesion between the fibers, it is easy to get wool and ball.

2. nylon nylon is the trade name of our country. Its scientific name is polyamide fiber, and there are different kinds of nylon - 6, nylon - 10, nylon - 6 and so on.

The brand name of nylon is also known as "nylon", "nylon", "Karp Lun", "Amie Lun" and so on.

Nylon is the world's first synthetic fiber variety, because of its excellent performance and abundant raw material resources, it has always been the highest yield of synthetic fiber.

It was not until 1970 that due to the rapid development of polyester fibers, only second of synthetic fibers were relegated.

The biggest feature of nylon is high strength and good abrasion resistance. Its strength and wear resistance are the highest in all fibers.

The disadvantages of nylon are the same as that of polyester, which is poor in hygroscopicity and permeability.

In dry environment, nylon is prone to static electricity, and short fiber fabrics are easy to pilling and pilling.

The heat resistance and light fastness of nylon are not good enough. The temperature of ironing should be controlled below 140 degrees Celsius.

In addition, nylon has poor shape retention, and the clothes made of it are not as good as polyester and are easy to deform.

But it can be attached to the body and is a good material for making all kinds of body sweaters.

3.

Acrylic fiber is the trade name of the country, its scientific name is polyacrylonitrile fiber.

Foreign countries also called "Austria Lun", "cotter", "delaron" and so on.

The appearance of acrylic fiber is white, curly, fluffy, soft and feels like wool. It is used to blend with wool or substitute for wool, so it is also called "synthetic wool".

The moisture absorption of acrylic fiber is not good enough, but its wettability is better than wool and silk fiber.

Its wear resistance is inferior to synthetic fiber, and the ironing of acrylic fiber is below 130 C.

The name of the 4. vinylon vinylon is polyvinyl formal fiber.

Abroad is also known as "Vigny Lun", "Wei Er Er" and so on.

Vinylon is as white as snow and soft as cotton, so it is often used as a substitute for natural cotton. It is called synthetic cotton.

The moisture absorption property of vinylon is the best in hygroscopic properties of synthetic fibers.

In addition, vinylon has good wear resistance, light resistance and corrosion resistance.

The scientific name of the 5. polyvinyl chloride fiber is polyvinyl chloride fiber.

Foreign countries have the name "Tian Mei Long" and "Rowe".

The advantages of polyvinyl chloride are many, chemical resistance is strong, thermal conductivity is worse than wool, therefore, it has strong thermal insulation, high electrical insulation and hard to burn.

In addition, it also has a prominent advantage, that is, underwear knitted with it can treat rheumatoid arthritis or other pain, but it has no irritation or damage to the skin.

The disadvantages of polyvinyl chloride are also prominent, that is, extremely poor heat resistance.

6.

The academic name of spandex is polyurethane elastic fiber, and abroad is also called "lakela" and "Spencer".

It is a chemical fiber with special elastic properties. It has been industrialized and has become one of the fastest developing elastic fibers.

Spandex is excellent in elasticity.

The strength is 2~3 times higher than that of the latex yarn, and the line density is also finer and more resistant to chemical degradation.

Spandex is resistant to acid, alkali, sweat, seawater, dry cleaning and abrasion resistance.

Spandex fibers are generally not used alone, but are incorporated into the fabric in small quantities, such as stranding with other fibers or making core spun yarns for weaving elastic fabrics.