Interpretation Of Technical Regulations For Toxic And Harmful Substances In Textiles From Various Countries In The World

World economy and

Azo

In September 11, 2002, the European Union official magazine issued the EU directive 2002/61/EC, which stipulates the use of banned azo dyes, which can be lysate as carcinogenic aromatic amines, which covers a wide range of textiles and leather products that may be directly and long-term contact with human skin or oral cavity, including:

Clothing, bedding, towels, false eyelashes, wig, hats, diapers and other sanitary articles and sleeping bags.

Shoes and socks, gloves, watchband, handbags, leather bags or wallets, briefcases, seat covers and neck type bags.

Textiles or leather toys and toys containing textiles or leather garments;

Direct use of yarn and fabric.

If the content of the 22 carcinogenic aromatic amines released by azo dyes detected in the dyeing part of the final product or product is beyond the limit of detection, if the test is greater than 30ppm, these products are prohibited.

Textiles and leather contained in these areas contain prohibited azo dyes and 22 kinds of carcinogenic aromatic amines, which are prohibited from being sold on the market.

The directive came into force on September 11, 2002. The directive also requires Member States to enact mandatory laws, regulations and administrative regulations applicable to the Directive before September 11, 2003, and implement these provisions from September 11, 2003.

The consumer act of Germany, the azo dye act of Holland, and the azo dye act of Austria also issued similar regulations on the prohibition of azo dyes.

In January 9, 2003, the European Union announced the 2003/03/EC directive of the European Commission in the official magazine, prohibiting the use of azo dyes commonly known as "blue dyes".

The directive indicates that it has high aquatic toxicity and is not easy to degrade.

In order to protect the environment, the directive stipulates that the concentration of blue dye in the components of textiles and leather sold or used on the market is less than 0.1% (mass percentage).

The directive comes into force on January 29, 2003, and Member States should formulate mandatory laws, regulations and regulations applicable to the Directive before December 31, 2003, and implement these provisions from June 30, 2004.

China's current technical regulations on textiles and clothing are presented in the form of mandatory national standards.

The mandatory national standards for carcinogenic aromatic amine azo dyes involving textiles include GB 18401-2010 and GB 20400-2006.

Since August 1, 2011, the banned carcinogenic aromatic amine azo dyes have been increased from 23 to 24 species since the beginning of the implementation of GB18401-2010 in August 1, 2011.

At the same time, GB18401-2010 also specified the content of free formaldehyde, pH value, color fastness and peculiar smell in textile and garment.

(1) flame retardant finishing agent

EU directive 79/663/EEC, published in the official EU magazine in August 3, 1979, pointed out that three - (2, 3- dibrompropyl) phosphate (tris (2, 3 dibromopropyl) phosphate) used in textiles and clothing, especially clothing for children, is harmful to human health and should be restricted.

In June 6, 1983, the European Union official magazine issued the EU directive 83/264/EEC issued in May 16, 1983, adding two kinds of banned flame retardant finishing agents three - (nitropropanedipine) phosphonated oxygen (tris- (aziridinyl) -phosphinoxide) and polybrominated biphenyl (polybrominatedbiphenyls (PBB)). The directive determined that these two substances are harmful to health and should not be used in fabrics that are in contact with human skin.

In February 15, 2003, the EU directive 2003/11/EC, published in the official EU magazine, banned the use and sale of five bromo two phenyl ether or eight bromo two phenyl ether content of more than 0.1% of the substances or preparations. At the same time, any two kinds of substances above 0.1% in any product could not be used or sold in the market.

These two kinds of flame retardants are often used in toys, furniture and all kinds of beds and interior decoration fabrics.

The Directive requires all Member States to plate this Directive into the laws, regulations or administrative orders of the cost countries by February 15, 2004, and shall be implemented no later than August 15, 2004.

(2) pentachlorophenol

Pentachlorophenol is generally used as a preservative, herbicide, disinfectant, etc. when exposed to dioxins in the sun or after burning, it will release two oxygen harmful to the environment. Pentachlorophenol released into the sewer sludge will produce two oxygen.

EU directive 91/173/EEC issued by the official EU magazine in April 5, 1991 stipulates that the quality of pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters sold on the market should not exceed 0.1%.

Except for fibers and antiwear textiles immersed in pentachlorophenol, such fibers and textiles can not be used to make clothing or decorative materials.

EU directive 1999/51/EC issued by the European Union official magazine in June 5, 1999 stipulates that France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom can follow the original regulations to some situations where there are no PCP leaks and emissions in industrial installations until December 31, 2008.

That is to say, these countries can immerse PCP into fiber and wear resistant textiles before December 31, 2008, but such fibers and textiles can not be used to make clothing or decorative materials.

In other countries, the mass concentration of all PCP and its salts and esters and preparations sold and used in the market should not exceed 0.1%, which is equivalent to the prohibition of the use of all substances and preparations containing PCP and its salts and esters.

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(3) Organotin

Organotin compounds, including many substances, are composed of tin and various organic functional groups directly connected to tin. Organotin compounds are very effective antifouling agents for ships. The most important and effective organotin compounds are three butyltin (tributyltin) and bis (three butyltin) oxide (Bis (tributyltin) oxide).

EU directive 89/677/EEC issued in the official EU magazine in December 30, 1989 and the European Union directive 1999/51/EC issued in the official EU magazine in June 5, 1999 stipulate that organotin compounds and their preparations should not be used as fungicides in paints, nor should they be used in cage or pontoon, float boats, nets and any other devices and equipment in any fish or shellfish, and in any completely immersed or partially immersed device or equipment.

Extractable heavy metal content

lead

Before 2008, the supervision of import textiles in the United States was mainly reflected in two aspects: the protection of consumers' right to know the information, namely the label of textile fiber components, and the requirements for the safety performance of the products themselves.

It focuses on monitoring the flame retardancy of textiles, and has no legislation for monitoring toxic and harmful chemicals in textiles.

However, in August 2008, the Consumer Goods Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) was promulgated in the United States due to successive safety and quality problems in consumer goods exported to the United States.

The bill aims at establishing consumer product safety standards and other safety requirements for children's products and improving the quality requirements for children's products.

The restrictions on lead content in children's products will be completed within three years.

Since ten February 2009, the lead content of products designed for children of 12 years or younger should not exceed 600 ppm (PPM) volume concentration.

Since ten February 2009, children's products containing more than 600 ppm (PPM) volume concentration have been banned in the United States. The sale of these products will bring serious civil and criminal responsibilities.

CPSIA also stipulates that paints, coatings or electroplating can not prevent children from touching lead in products.

A year after the bill is made, or from fourteen August 2009, the lead content of products designed for children of 12 or younger should not exceed 300ppm (PPM) volume concentration.

Three years later, or from fourteen August 2011, this restriction will be reduced to 100 ppm (PPM) volume concentration unless the Commission finds that this lower restriction is technically unworkable.

In addition, after a year or from fourteen August 2009, the bill stipulates that the lead content in paint and other surface coatings for consumers must be reduced from 600 ppm (PPM) volume concentration to 90 ppm (PPM) volume concentration.

mercury

In December 30, 1989, the EU official magazine issued the EU directive 89/677/EEC, which clearly stated that mercury compounds should not be immersed in industrial wear resistant textiles or yarns.

cadmium

In July 12, 1991, the European Union official magazine issued the 91/338/EC directive, stipulates that the quality content of cadmium used for dyeing purposes, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and other substances and coatings, should not exceed 0.01%. Otherwise, it is not allowed to be sold in the market. If the coating contains high concentration of zinc, the content of cadmium must be as low as possible, and its quality content is not allowed to exceed 0.1%.

When cadmium is used to make decorative or garment accessories (including gloves) made of vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer material, finishing, coating, coating or laminating textile fabrics, stabilizers in artificial leather, no matter how their uses are concerned, cadmium content (by metal cadmium content) shall not exceed 0.01%, otherwise it is prohibited to be sold in the market.

The directive also prohibits cadmium deposition or coating on the metal surfaces of textiles and clothing.

nickel

　　1994年7月22日歐盟官方雜志上公布了1994年6月30日頒布的歐洲議會和歐盟委員會的指令94/27/EC指出，研究發現存在于一些物質中的鎳和人體皮膚長期直接接觸會使人產生過敏反應，指令指出在以下范圍內，鎳禁止銷售，除非滿足一定的條件：第一，在耳飾中穿耳的耳環，或穿過人身體的其他部位皮膜的飾釘，不論最終去除與否均要求這類飾物和人體皮膚組織不排斥，且其中的鎳的質量含量不得超過0.05%，否則禁止使用;第二，和人體皮膚長期直接接觸的產品中鎳的釋放量不得超過0.5微克/平方厘米/周，這些產品包括：耳環，項鏈，手鐲和手鏈，腳鐲，指環，表鏈，表帶和表上的收緊裝置，以及服裝中的紐扣、緊固件、鉚釘、拉鏈及其它金屬標志;第三，在如上述第2點中論及的產品中，如果它們有一層不含鎳的涂層，則要求此涂層能保證，在兩年正常使用中，從這些產

The amount of nickel released directly from the skin in direct contact with the human skin should not exceed 0.5 micrograms per square centimeter / week.

chromium

The law on food and consumer goods in Germany requires that six valence chromium in textiles and leather is not detected.

Plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

The European Union decided that the 1999/815/EC required that one or more of the two phthalic acid two ISO nonyl ester (DINP), two o-phthalic acid (2- ethyl hexyl) ester (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), two o-isodecyl ortho phthalate (DIDP), two o-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and soft PVC material of phthalate two carboxylic ester plasticizer, such as o-benzoic acid, butyl benzyl ester (BBP), etc., should be manufactured for use in toys or children's articles that can be used for entry into or out of infants under 3 years of age.

Since then, the European Union has continuously issued a modification order of the decision to extend the interim decision. The final decision was to determine 2003/819/EC, which was released in November 19, 2003 by the European Union, which was the sixteenth extension of 1999/815/EC until February 20, 2004.

According to the latest decision, toys and children's products that do not meet the above requirements will not be put on the market until February 20, 2004.

free formaldehyde

In 1993, the German Hazardous Substances Act required that the release of free formaldehyde in textiles directly contacting the skin was greater than 1500ppm, which must be specified in German and English: "formaldehyde."

It is recommended to wash before wearing for the first time, so as not to be harmful to the skin.

In 1990, formaldehyde method in Austria also required labeling when formaldehyde content exceeded 1500ppm.

China's mandatory national standards GB 18401-2010 and GB 20400-2006 also limit the formaldehyde content in textiles, clothing and leather products.

Baby clothes: limited value 20 mg/kg

Direct contact with skin: limit 75 mg/kg

? no direct contact with skin: limit 300 mg/kg

Against the backdrop of accelerating global economic integration, the protective trade measures of all countries in the world are based on economic, political and ideological factors.

Free trade is relative, and trade protectionism is absolute.

Each country will weigh it in its own interests in order to get the best solution.

As the world's largest producer and exporter of textiles and clothing, China pays close attention to various laws and regulations and technical trade measures of importing countries, and promptly adjusts the macro regulatory measures and formulates corresponding countermeasures and measures.