Unbalanced Business Ecological Chain &Nbsp; Small And Medium-Sized Shops Need To Be Supported?

Chen Weiping (a pseudonym) looks at a "Wu Yuan" discount shop.

Six or seven years ago, he was one of the management departments of agriculture, industry and Commerce Group. He started to develop convenience stores and discount stores such as Germany and Wuyuan.

"Wherever the good German and Wu Yuan go, the small shops of the non chain brands will die."

Chen Weiping has gone through the stages that many large retailers have experienced or are experiencing in the mainland market.

Due to large scale

Nowadays, the small community that once occupied the community is widespread.

"A complete business chain requires a variety of formats. Shopping centers can provide people with one-stop experience of consumption, including entertainment. Stores and supermarkets can meet people's basic necessities, and convenience stores can provide convenience to people who are in a hurry. Non chain stores can provide distinctive goods or services according to the needs of different local communities."

Lian Po, a financial consumer analyst at Shifu, points out that some of the surviving small shops have their own value to contribute to the community consumers, such as delivery service, home appliances maintenance, and selling some hot selling newspapers. These are not fully provided by chain convenience stores or supermarkets. If one day, all the small shops are withering away, the commercial chain will also face severe ecological tests.

Big community "enclosure war" forced small shops

"When a business circle was grabbed almost, the super business as the main consumer goods business naturally focused on the community.

From the point of view of location, turnover comes from the effective consumption crowd, and the effective consumption crowd comes from the customers who enter the shop, and customers come from the crowd around the stores. Therefore, the community that gathers the residents' buyers is a key area for the super merchants.

Chen Weiping recalled the scene of the exhibition shop a few years ago, so the agriculture and industry introduced the convenience stores, the Wuyuan and other convenience stores and discount stores into the residential community.

The same strategy is being used to attack all the communities, including Chinese and foreign retail giants such as Bailian, bu Lianhua and TESCO Tesco.

Bailian Lianhua and Hualian Supermarket, Century Lianhua and so on often appear in the residential area 1~2 kilometers.

Prior to the discovery of the lotus flower, which is not very good in China, the study found that the pformation of community stores is a great way out. Therefore, it even set up a life Museum in its own stores, providing residents' convenience services to occupy the community source.

TESCO Tesco has introduced the new format of "Express", which is commonly known as the "small Tesco" small and medium-sized shop. Most of the shops are located in the community. In order to cater to the needs of the community consumers, they sell large quantities of fresh goods in the store and sell them at low prices.

The community enclosure war of large retailers has caused a fatal blow to small shops.

Reporters in Hongkou District, Shanghai, a residential area within 1 km to see, fast passenger, home profit, Wu Yuan and good German four major brand distribution, rather than chain store almost invisible.

"Big retailers will lease the community and buy property at any cost. This is a small shop owner who has no capital to compete, and the local government has preferential treatment for foreign retailers. Taking into account the tax and other factors, the local government also supports foreign or large retailers in the local community."

In Chen Weiping's memory, where the good virtue, Wu Yuan and Ke can go, the shop almost has no shop to survive.

Tax and fees difficult to load

Yang Yongshi, a native Hongkong girl, serves as president of Asia Limited (Asia) Limited. She has studied the business field.

"There are small shops everywhere in Hongkong, some even about 10 square meters, which is exactly the opposite of the mainland's almost large retailers and small shops.

One important reason is the tax burden. "

Yang Yongshi told the newspaper that the tax burden of Hongkong's retail enterprises was very low, and only paid profits tax after deducting the cost. However, the mainland market was different, regardless of whether retailers were losing money or not, it was a tax on all sales.

Public information shows that in Hongkong, the profits tax rate is: the profit tax rate of the limited company is 16.5%, and the profit tax rate of sole proprietorship or partnership is 15%.

The mainland's corporate income tax rate is 33%.

"Low tax rates allow small and medium-sized enterprises to have room for survival in Hongkong, and the high tax rate in the mainland makes it possible for large retailers only to have the affordability to eliminate a small number of small businesses."

Yang Yongshi analysis.

In addition to taxes, the industry pointed out that all kinds of "fees" are the last straw in the small shops.

"There are a large number of cost items, at least dozens of items. Before the relevant policies were relaxed, the SMEs were relieved of more than 20 fees, so we could see how large the original base was.

Then there are health and epidemic prevention fees, inspection and quarantine fees, cleaning fees and so on. If there is any delay in payment or processing, there may also be warehousing costs. "

Auchan Bank of France is responsible for Yang told the newspaper.

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Double high cost of price and purchase price

This newspaper visited some of the only existing stores. It can be seen that the products are mainly concentrated in beverages, salt, vinegar, and so on. There are so few commodity categories that it is difficult to compare with convenience stores and supermarkets.

After comparing 15 kinds of products, the reporters found that 10 of them were priced higher than supermarkets, especially on beverage products. For example, the farmer's mountain spring in the supermarket was 1.2 yuan, and the store sold 1.5 yuan.

There are 5 other commodities which are cheaper, including the commonly used Haitian soy sauce, the supermarket price of 6.9 yuan / bottle, and the price of the small shop is 6.5 yuan.

It can be seen that the store has no advantage in terms of product richness and price.

"Large stores are large scale purchases, such as Bailian, after merging Lianhua and Hualian, joint procurement, the scale of thousands of stores can significantly reduce procurement costs, resulting in price advantage."

The time is pointed out by Lian Bo.

In addition to the scale effect, there is a hidden reason behind the supply chain price benchmarking factors.

Reporters from a beverage distributor learned that their agents such as Kirin and other hot brands, brand chamber of Commerce will be divided into modern sales channels and traditional channels, stores, supermarkets and convenience stores are all modern channels, and small shops are traditional channels.

Modern channel procurement is large, and is currently the patronage of most consumers, while small shops purchase a small quantity, sometimes shipped by piece, and the purchase price is naturally high.

The most important thing is that a small shop is a benchmark for market prices. Only when the price of a small store is high can it show the low price of chain supermarkets and promote the purchase of large retailers.

"If the price of a beverage is 2.6 yuan per bottle, then the price for the traditional shop will be 3.2 yuan."

The above marketers revealed.

There is no commodity size, no purchase price and price advantage. In this market of "voting with feet", many small stores have lost valuable tourist resources.

Dialectical division between "big" and "small"

Zhou Ying Feng, head of Shanghai green brigade exit department, who has been in charge of the tourism industry for many years, is very familiar with the Japanese market. He often sees small shops in Japan between China and Japan, but there are not many shopping malls like Ginza.

"Japan is a country with a very large market segmentation. For example, from the perspective of format, there are stores that only sell cosmetics and parity stores (equivalent to RMB ten yuan), and so on. Some commodities are specially designed for certain formats. Such goods can only be bought in professional stores.

The mainland market is different, all goods can be seen in the major supermarkets or department stores. The brands in each store are the same, and the store has no advantage at all. "

Zhou Feng pointed out the wind.

In addition, there is a problem of time distribution.

For example, there are obvious stores in Japan and 24 hour convenience stores in the night market.

But almost all of the shops in the mainland market are open around 9 in the morning and close at about 10 p.m., which is in a state of full competition.

European countries' preference for small and medium-sized shops

In the Chinese market, the super chain giant of foreign capital is not "fragrant meat and potatoes" in its own country.

Yesterday, reporters learned that, in terms of commercial retail, European governments generally adopted "administrative and legislative means" to restrict the big and small businesses, such as limiting the over business hours of large businesses, and reducing taxes and fees for small and medium-sized shops, so as to support and protect small and medium sized shops that can widely attract employment, but they have limited restrictions on the expansion of large business super companies.

"The strategy of restricting the big and supporting the small" is first implemented through administrative means.

A person familiar with the international super retail business told our reporter that Western European governments are very strict in approving the location and expansion plan of chain giants. If big enterprises are suspected of excessive expansion, approval will be difficult to pass.

Conversely, in order to improve the competitiveness of small and medium-sized shops or supermarkets, the government intervention is reduced. Most countries adopt the procedures of simplifying the collection and management procedures of small and medium-sized supermarkets, and reduce the approval process. On the way of Taxation, the government will provide tax services for small and medium supermarkets (shops), reduce tax penalties and shorten the time of tax inspection.

Western Europe also restricts the operation hours of large supermarkets.

A few days ago, Lang Xianping, a famous economist, revealed in his micro-blog, "the closed shop law in Germany stipulates that large shopping malls must be closed early, so as to leave room for small and medium sized businesses that contribute to taxes and employment."

This reporter learned that the German "closed shop time law" stipulates that the large supermarket every Monday to Friday business hours are 9:00~20:00, Saturday closing time to 16:00, Sunday, festivals except big city stations and airports and other location, large supermarkets are not open in principle.

Although the states are slightly different in the process of execution, the common type is that the small supermarket in community type is basically not restricted by the "closed shop time" method.

In addition to Germany, most other European countries have similar laws.

In 2006, the British chain industry association submitted a proposal to the British government to extend the business hours of large business super Sunday, but it was not approved.

"Except for business hours, developed market economy countries have promulgated laws restricting the super expansion of large businesses.

For example, Japan has "big shop law" and "site selection law".

American States and counties have issued a large number of relevant laws and regulations, such as the urban planning law, which are aimed at restricting the development of large stores.

France's regulation of large stores is stricter, and Carrefour's efforts to expand overseas markets are also due to strict domestic regulation of large shops.

The industry insiders told this newspaper.

Tax and fee support is another weapon to prevent unfair competition in Europe.

"Western European countries will adopt a universal tax and fee support policy for small and medium-sized shops."

The industry insiders said.

According to a data from China's National People's Congress network, Germany has implemented preferential tax provisions favorable to SMEs in 1984.

At present, German small and medium-sized business tax starting point increased from 25 thousand Mark to 32 thousand and 500 Mark.

Through all kinds of tax incentives, tax revenue can be reduced to more than half of small and medium-sized enterprises, so that their tax burden level will be reduced from 30% of the added value of enterprises to 15%. The tax paid by small and medium enterprises with annual profits of less than 2 million Mark is only 50% of that of large enterprises.

The tax burden of small and medium-sized enterprises in the UK is only half that of large enterprises.

In addition, France promulgated the "revitalization of small and medium enterprises" plan in 1995, which reduced the profit tax rate of small and medium-sized enterprises from 33% to 19%, and lowered the registration tax of enterprises, and adopted new preferential tax measures to increase the number of employees.

"These tax support policies for small and medium-sized enterprises are also applicable to most of the retail industry."

The above said that this can also significantly reduce the proportion of tax burden on small and medium-sized supermarkets.

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The government helps Hongkong small shops survive.

"Take a packet of Marlboro."

Zheng Bo, 63, rose from the faded wooden chair and headed for this seemingly "tender" customer.

"Not for sale."

He simply responded.

"Buy a lighter head office?" the boy made a conscious mistake and handed in a 5 Hong Kong dollar coin to leave quickly.

As a conclusion of the WHO tobacco control convention, Hongkong prohibits the sale of tobacco to minors.

But this kind of self-control behavior of merchants is quite unexpected in the humble shops less than ten square meters. Especially, the shop called "mega flash" (store and near) is only at the entrance of the airport in the red Hom, and the flow of people is not very prosperous.

What is even more surprising is the diversity and intensity of small shops in Hongkong.

On Wanchai Hennessy Road, there are small convenience stores that sell cigarettes, drinks and potato chips like "Megastore". There are snack bars selling melon seeds and peanut candy. There are ten "Yuan optional" signs and a bowl of knives and forks.

In Hongkong, where the market is free competition, there is no threshold for entry, and only 16.5% profits tax should be paid for the profits.

Encouraged by the non profit tax system, hard-working Hongkong people have been eager to start their own business and have built such a prosperous commercial city.

But the only thing that is missing is the appearance of Carrefour and WAL-MART, a big international supermarket. But in the fierce and fierce competition, the shop's life is not very good.

In fact, Carrefour tried to go to the mainland market through Hongkong, but eventually withdrew from Hongkong and entered the mainland directly.

A research report of the Hongkong Consumer Council held by this newspaper shows that in 1996, Carrefour was stationed in Hongkong, and at that time there were four large supermarkets.

The ambitious Carrefour finally finished his career.

In September 18, 2000, Carrefour closed its four large supermarkets in Hongkong and announced its withdrawal from the Hongkong retail market.

A Hongkong insider who asked not to be named told this reporter that the fast and fast life and cultural habits of Hongkong people are not the same as those of the mainland and abroad.

There are many people in Hongkong, and the market is rather fractionize. Many large shopping centers form similar urban complexes, and supermarkets are only one part of them. Carrefour's one-stop mode is not applicable to Hongkong.

More importantly, in the 90s of last century, Hongkong developed into a situation of dual competition between Hui Kang and Bai Jia supermarket.

At the same time, the 24 hour convenience store "7-Eleven" expanded rapidly in Hongkong in the 80s of last century. As of November this year, 900 have been located in Hongkong.

The industry insiders told reporters that the prices of chain convenience stores were nearly 30% higher than that of ordinary supermarkets, but the development of lifestyle suited to Hongkong's fast-paced lifestyle was quite rapid.

Under the attack of supermarket giants and chain convenience stores, Zheng Bo and other small businesses only want to survive.

"For more than ten years, there is no money to make and lose. Fortunately, there is no need to pay taxes."

He revealed.

According to the information collected by the Inland Revenue Department of Hongkong, except for the requirement that profits should be paid in accordance with the uniform stipulation of profits tax, all expenses paid for making profits can be deducted.

"According to past experience, the depreciation allowances available in the first year of business are very large, so there is generally no tax payable in the first year."

The Inland Revenue Department of Hongkong is also introducing the "guide" for entrepreneurs to reasonably avoid tax, including the loss of the current year's losses to the next year to offset future business profits. The tax bureau may choose to pay tax according to the personal income tax (progressive system and enjoy a number of tax exemption, the highest 15% tax rate) to reduce the burden of 16.5% profit tax.

The above tax measures apply to all enterprises.

A spokesman for the Hongkong Consumer Council told the newspaper that the government did not provide special tax concessions to SMEs, but there were business promotion training activities for SMEs and SME credit schemes.

For small businesses, these measures can only help them to "live".

Zheng Bo said, because three children are working to support their families, "mega Hui Shi" is only his old age sustenance.

"All of them are supermarkets and 7-Eleven controls. We are antiques."

A spokesman for the Consumer Council pointed out that at present, the two major supermarket groups are stationed in most of the large shopping malls and have local advantages.

The spokesman also said that because competition laws or antitrust regulations were not yet available in Hongkong, the fair competition and consumer interests in the market could not be guaranteed.

Nevertheless, mainland tourists who pass through Luohu every day to supermarket shopping in Hong Kong still sigh that Hongkong is cheaper than the mainland.