The Way Out For Chinese Shoe Enterprises Under The "Demographic Dividend" Recession

In recent years,

Industrial upgrading and changes in employment structure

Since the reform and opening up, coastal areas have built factories and absorbed a large number of rural surplus labor force by means of convenient geographical location and policy support. Authoritative statistics show that there are 230 million migrant workers in China, and the number of migrant workers is as high as 150 million. It is precisely because of this huge labor force that China has gained the reputation of the world factory. It is precisely because of this huge labor force that China has made manufacturing all over the world.

Over the past thirty years since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has increased by more than 18% annually. Foreign trade has shifted from small deficit to huge surplus. China has made great achievements, and tens of thousands of ordinary workers have done great work.

Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the employment track of enterprises has also been evolving from construction, textile, service, electronic manufacturing, information and communication, electromechanical manufacturing, bio industry, new energy industries and so on. The industry is moving from basic industries to high-end, refined and high value-added industries.

In the export commodities, the proportion of primary products exports has been decreasing. The proportion of exports of electromechanical products and high-tech products has increased year by year. Behind this is China's rise, the rise of Chinese brands and the rise of China's manufacturing.

With the upgrading of industrial structure, the demand of industrial workers has also changed.

In the early years, the industry focused on the physical needs of the laborers, and the demand for workers' knowledge was very low, while the industry shifted to high-end. The demand for industrial workers paid more attention to labor skills.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of labor and social security, at present, the supply of skilled workers in the labour market, especially high-quality compound skilled workers, is in short supply. The ratio of supply and demand is 1:8. That is to say, the shortage of labourers in the labor shortage is more in line with the demand of the workers' skills, and it does not mean that there is a big gap in the overall labor input.

What needs to be reconsidered is that the expansion of university enrollment and the employment of university students have become a difficult problem, while skilled workers are in short supply. Vocational and technical education needs more effort to adapt to the further needs of industrial upgrading.

Changes in the times and changes in the structure of migrant workers

In the early 80s, surplus labor force was more and employment opportunities were fewer. Workers working outside the country were also the primary problem of solving the problem of food and clothing. The pressure of family support could not allow workers to put too many demands on the workers. In addition, the industrial structure was relatively simple in that year, and the majority of laborers were labor-intensive enterprises.

With the evolution of the times, the structure of migrant workers has undergone significant changes. In the current working group, 80 or even 90 percent of them are gradually becoming the main group. A large proportion of them have received secondary vocational education or professional skills training. Workers are not living simply. They are looking for more than just a job. They are looking for a way of life. They are eager to achieve their own life value. They care about whether the working environment is comfortable and whether they can have a new future.

In the shoe and clothing retail industry where the author is located, the boss often complains that the current staff are not good enough to hire, especially the young generation after 90.

The post-90s generation's outlook on life and values are more focused on spiritual needs than those after 70 and post-80s, which is the manifestation of social progress.

In the process of employment, the employment side needs to think with the workers. Only in this way can people retain their hearts.

Changing the old concept of employment

Influenced by the feudal hierarchy system for more than two thousand years, some employers are too old-fashioned.

The boss thinks that the order of the factory is customer, social relationship, or the boss's intelligence. As for the workers, they are only looking for bowls to eat in the factory.

Bosses think that the boss and the workers are antagonistic. If the boss wants to make more money, he will need to reduce expenses, deduct the wages of his workers, and cut down the welfare of the workers. These are the provinces that can save the province, and the bosses dare to default on their wages.

Similarly, if workers think employers are stingy and do not deserve to work for them, then what will they do with their work? Society is improving and labor relations are improving. Bosses should reexamine their relationship with their employees.

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Pure manufacturing to "production and marketing integration" pformation

In the manufacturing industry, especially in the shoe and garment manufacturing industry, many enterprises rely on orders to survive. With the overcapacity of the manufacturing industry, they will face the pressure from buyers and the double pressure of bidding.

For small factories, competitiveness is not strong. Instead of waiting for orders, it is better to go out and look for opportunities.

Compared with large factories, small factories are backward in capacity, but they can be flexible, and can even respond quickly to customize products according to market demand.

In the 70s of last century, shoes and clothing industry basically did not have large-scale factories. The demand for shoes and clothing was mostly satisfied by manual workshops. Now, hand-made shoes and clothing products become the preference of high-end consumers.

For small factories, they can be pieced together to find different needs with their own flexibility instead of expanding their scale and competing for price.

Of course, a considerable number of manufacturing enterprises can not develop entity sales channels in a short time, so e-commerce can be a good choice.

In e-commerce, there is a M2C mode, that is, manufacturers directly to the consumer business model.

Compared with the traditional e-commerce mode, the M2C mode has short supply chain mode, less paction links, higher paction efficiency, more secure pactions, easy to control the WYSIWYG.

Closer to the market, there will be more opportunities.

Branding of manufacturing industry cluster

When it comes to cars, it is always impossible to drive German cars, not only because Germany has a series of famous automobile brands such as Audi and Mercedes Benz, but also the best reputation of German machinery manufacturing industry. Germany's machinery manufacturing industry is famous for its technology, quality and reputation all over the world.

Similarly, when it comes to watches and clocks, it is unavoidable to praise the Swiss watches and clocks. Switzerland has many famous watches and clocks, but also because of its batch of hundreds of years of watch making factories. It is precisely because of its profound manufacturing history and the spirit of keeping pace with the times that Switzerland has become the kingdom of watches and clocks.

Similarly, Italy shoes are famous all over the world. According to the data, more than 500 thousand shoemakers in Italy are engaged in shoe manufacturing. They produce 480 million pairs of shoes annually, and 90% of them are exported to all parts of the world.

In Italy, a pair of good shoes can be completed by 50~60 hands. Every 1000 grams of leather is processed, and only 450 grams can be used to make products. This may be the reason why Italy shoes are expensive.

German machinery, Swiss timepieces and Italy shoes are the products of branding of manufacturing industry groups.

Most of the time, we talk too much about the branding of commodities, but ignore the branding of manufacturing in the process of commodity manufacturing.

In fact, the branding of manufacturing industry is the ultimate direction of industrial upgrading, and only the branding of manufacturing industry can make the goods brand out and out.

Chinese goods are going to the international stage and cannot rely on the price advantage blindly. When China has become a world-renowned brand, the brand age of Chinese goods will come all round.

Hometown becomes hometown

After years of division and aggregation of industries, China has formed many industrial layout areas. Taking footwear manufacturing industry as an example, there are Fujian's sports shoes industry group, Zhejiang's men's shoes industry group and Guangdong's women's shoes industry group, which all have high popularity in China.

But in order to solve the problem of labor shortage from a long term perspective and realize the branding of manufacturing industry and realize the sustained and healthy development of the industry, we need to solve the problem from the global perspective.

At present, there are the first generation of migrant workers and second generation of migrant workers, who are living in the city every day in the construction of the city, but the cities do not belong to them. The city's educational links and public welfare sectors treat them as visitors to the city.

They are eager to integrate into the city and root their roots in the city. They hope to become the masters of the city from the builders of the city.

The government needs to break through the concept of governance.

Especially in the manufacturing intensive area, the government can strengthen the planning and construction of the surrounding towns, improve the supporting facilities, and enable the workers to own their own houses in the towns and have their own homes.

Employment enterprises need to invest more in the living and working skills of migrant workers.

In this way, the problem of urbanization and labor shortage has been solved, and the industrialization direction of manufacturing industry has been solved, so that workers, enterprises and society can win more.

It is worth mentioning that during the two sessions of 2011, Huang Qifan, mayor of Chongqing, told reporters in an interview with reporters that Chongqing should use various policies, infrastructure facilities and hardware and software services to bring merchants into the market. On the other hand, it is also necessary to leave the migrant workers who serve the enterprises. In the next five years, the road Chongqing is going to carry out is how to achieve strong integration of human resources. Through the integration of interests, Chongqing should leave all the people working in Chongqing in Chongqing to make them become Chongqing people and no longer migratory birds.

Labor shortage is not only a social phenomenon, but also a social problem caused by the uncoordinated interests between industrial upgrading and migrant workers in the process of urbanization.