The "Four Knives" Hanging On The Heads Of Shoes Or 2012 Will Fall Abruptly?

"It has been four or five years since I came to work in Guangdong, and I will not come back after this new year's coming home?" in Guangzhou Southern talent market, Henan migrant worker Cai Xinzhong is quite entangled.

"If wages rise to 3000 yuan, I will stay in Guangzhou, after all, it is more free."

Xiao Cai scanned a line of recruitment information, and told reporters the abacus in mind.

Although wages did not rise to 1000 yuan to 2000 yuan today, Xiao Cai felt that money was even less valuable. What's more, his fellow countrymen who worked in his hometown earned as much as he did, but spent less than him.

In Sha Tin Town, Dongguan, Mr. Li, a small boss, heard 3000 yuan.

In the past 2011, "recruitment difficulties" and raw materials,

Workers return to the mainland

"The minimum wage in Dongguan is only 20 yuan higher than that in Zhengzhou".

This year's Spring Festival came earlier than before.

Because of the unstable economic situation, some enterprises have left their employees home early.

I heard that there are many factories built in the industrial parks in the county, with a salary of more than 2000, which is not much lower than that in Guangzhou. "

Xiao Cai's words are not empty.

Reporters learned that the minimum wage in Zhengzhou is now 1080 yuan / month, while the minimum wage in Dongguan is 1100 yuan / month, which is only 20 yuan higher.

But this is a difficult account: the benefits of staying in Guangzhou are obvious. During the past few years of work, they have become accustomed to the life of big cities, more free and fresh, but the reasons for returning home seem to be more realistic. The wage standard of their hometown has been raised. Guangzhou's consumption is high, and there is no advantage.

In addition, Xiao Cai has come to the age of marriage and marriage. It is better to work outside the home than to work at home.

Over the years, tens of millions of migrant workers have come to work in the Pearl River Delta from the mainland to support the prosperity of the manufacturing industry in the southeast coast.

However, this phenomenon, which has lasted for more than twenty years, is changing now.

"Today, there are 350 and 600 enterprises in Dongguan.

Yesterday, an enterprise in Zhejiang needed 600 people... "

Another month is about to celebrate the new year, but the owner of the "human resources development limited" of the "peasant worker commander" is still not idle.

When reporters saw him, Zhang Quan had just returned from Dongguan to Shenzhen.

As he broke his fingers, he lamented that "soldiers" could not satisfy the requirements of enterprises.

Zhang Quan, a country famous for pporting workers to the Pearl River Delta, has left only four or five hundred workers in Pinghu, Shenzhen, where he started.

At the height of the rush, Zhang Quan received nearly 10000 people under the toy industry gathering place in Pinghu.

"Now my workers are all over the country, mainly in the mainland of Henan, Shaanxi and Shandong.

Because many enterprises in the mainland can afford Dongguan's wages, and local living standards are low, workers are certainly willing to work in the mainland.

"Now all the local governments are helping the recruiting enterprises to recruit workers. It is really the Eight Immortals crossing the sea."

He sighed that this year, Foxconn and other large manufacturing enterprises moved to Henan, where the amount of employment increased dramatically.

In order to ensure the smooth progress of investment promotion, enterprises and governments are trying to find ways to leave their labour force locally, which directly affects the number of migrant workers.

In order to compete with rivals for the workers, the company not only set up stalls at the stations and railway stations, but also dispatched salesmen to every village for mobilization.

The age of recruitment is relaxed from 20 to 40.

"Blocking the door, the application is gone."

Turbulent "recruitment difficulties" have made unprecedented pressure on manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region.

In Shatin Town, Dongguan, the reporter saw in a company engaged in the pportation and production of sports shoes raw materials. The factory had already stopped working in advance.

"Many shoe factories are sluggish and our business is bad."

Factory boss Mr. Li told reporters.

As a supporting manufacturer of many shoe factories in the region, the factory employs more than 100 people, mostly drivers and porters.

Because sports shoes, glue and other raw materials are more stimulant, the average salary of the boss is more than 2600 yuan, which is higher than that of ordinary general workers.

"This holiday, how many people can come back after the festival, I still have no bottom."

Mr. Li told this reporter that he had planned to recruit more than two porters six months ago, but there were few options available in the talent market, and Human Resources Inc was "disdain" for such a small business.

Zhang Quanshou also confirmed that he used to be a customer, but now he has become "picky".

Now the company will shut out those businesses with low management fees and low wages.

Even model companies feel the pressure.

Reporters came to the famous small household electrical appliance company Shenzhen Emmett Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd., vice chairman of the company and Secretary General of the Shenzhen City Association of Taiwanese businessmen Cai Zhengfu told reporters that in the past, enterprises did not employ workers at all times, and hundreds of people were often blocked at the gate. But now it is obviously different. In the past, the age of the recruits of Emmett was limited to 17-20 years old, and now it has been relaxed to 40 years old.

Wage earners for enterprises and workers

A new round of wage adjustment is brewing.

If a migrant worker wants to go home, it will be difficult for them to recruit workers.

The idea of raising wages has been recognized by some government officials.

"Now many labor workers can get 2000 yuan at home. If Shenzhen does not exceed hundreds of dollars, it will definitely not be competitive."

Wang Min, director of the Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of human resources and social security, said.

But for businesses, raising wages seems to be a mystery.

Mr. Li complained to reporters that the factory now has a profit of 1.2 million a year.

If the minimum wage is raised by 200 yuan, overtime and social security fees should also increase, at least 30 thousand yuan per year, and 100 people will be about 300000.

"Some enterprises are grinning when they hear the wage increase," Zhang Quanshou said. For the sake of overall compliance, enterprises that do not accept wage increases will cancel cooperation, and some larger enterprises have voluntarily raised their wages.

"This is the choice of the market," he said.

But there are also some companies who can afford to pay.

Pointing to the busy workshop downstairs, Cai Zhengfu told reporters proudly that under the condition of more and more expensive manpower costs, the use of advanced equipment instead of manpower has become part of the magic weapon to dispel labor pressure.

Emmett currently employs more than 7000 people, almost the same as in 2007, but its output value has doubled, and the per capita treatment has increased to 2.3 times that of 2007.

In fact, at the end of the year, when migrant workers returned home, "raising wages" has also become a hot topic.

Xiao Cai told reporters that not only the townsman who came home together would talk about wages everywhere, but also relatives and classmates who worked in various parts of the country would compare with each other after returning home. Where the wages were high, more people would choose to work in that place in the coming year.

Journalist observation

Re finding the value of labor force in pformation and upgrading

Is it difficult to find jobs? Has labor supply entered the era of shortage? The so-called "turning point of Lewis" appeared. Reporters consulted Zheng Zizhen, director of the Guangdong Provincial Academy of Social Sciences population.

He pointed out that if the "shortage of migrant workers" refers to the shortage of labor force in the sense of population structure, the reality of China and Guangdong is that there is no "shortage of migrant workers". The data do not support this statement.

According to statistics, the number of new urban employment posts is up to 9 million per year, and from 2009 to 2020, the number of Chinese working age population has dropped slowly, and less than 40 million has been reduced in 11 years.

Even in Guangdong, the net increase in the working age population began to appear negative in 2012. However, Guangdong did not show negative signs until 2017, and it slowed down for 5 years, and in 2019 it was on the rise again.

However, recruitment is not only a simple addition and subtraction of supply and demand figures, but also needs to be analyzed from the overall economic situation and business conditions: "there is demand, but can not afford it", which is a difficult problem faced by many enterprises.

If the profit margins of small and medium-sized enterprises are not significantly improved, recruitment will probably continue to be difficult, thus damaging the lifeblood of the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry.

What is the way out? Reporters in the Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and other places in the field interview also found that, in the case of rising labor costs, enterprises are starting to split up. During the interview, the reporters found that some enterprises are taking measures to improve product profitability and use advanced equipment instead of labor, so as to eliminate the pressure of labor supply, and they still live very well.

Negative examples are everywhere.

In Pinghu, Shenzhen, toys flourished for a while, and thousands of factories were crowded.

But with the decline in profit margins, these enterprises can not afford to pay relatively high wages locally and have to move out of Shenzhen.

In fact, many low value-added enterprises are also escaping from the Pearl River Delta to settle in the mainland.

In this sense, we do not need to worry about the departure of enterprises and related labor force.

What really needs attention is how much "Emmett" we have.

As mentioned above, Emmett has expanded the scale of production by replacing labor with technology and changing the total number of labor. In turn, it has created room for increasing wages.

This is an effective way to solve recruitment problems through pformation and upgrading.

In this process, the new market logic is being established: those who can cherish and use the labor force will survive, develop and grow, and those who ignore the value of labor will have to shrink and die.

Market forces will promote the re discovery of the value of labor force by enterprises, which may become an important driving force for the pformation and upgrading of the Pearl River Delta.