Oversea Superposition Overlay Trade Protection &Nbsp; 2012 Foreign Trade How To Break Through

2011 coincided with China's accession to the WTO 10th anniversary, with the total value of China's merchandise exports climbing to the world's first place, China's other data also achieved remarkable results. Our country suffered 602 foreign trade relief investigations, totaling 38 billion 980 million US dollars.

By the end of last year, China has been the most frequently investigated anti-dumping case for 16 consecutive years.

More intuitively, more than 30% of the world's anti-dumping and half of the United States.

But a slight difference is that when Chinese enterprises respond to unwarranted trade accusations, they have changed significantly in the past few years before joining the WTO.

The rise of protectionism in Europe and the United States

In the wake of the global easing of liquidity and the stimulus to the economy, the global economy began to enter a period of twists and turns in 2011.

In Europe and America, when the demand is weak, they will sacrifice traditional trade protectionist tactics, aiming to protect their real economy and suppress imports.

Against this background, China is especially injured.

Zhang Lining, a researcher at Tsinghua University's China and world economic research center, said that at present, the economic crisis in Europe and the United States is unprecedented. Under such circumstances, the severe economic crisis in some western countries has led to intensified trade protectionism.

As China is the second largest economy in the world, trade protectionism against China is more serious.

According to press statistics, in 2011, the EU put forward 20 cases involving products safety and trade relief for China's exports to Europe at least.

"The pressure on the EU will increase and competition with our industry will become more intense. Bilateral trade frictions may intensify, which is unfavorable for the development of China EU trade and economic relations."

Shen Danyang, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce.

He called on all parties to take practical actions to resist and cancel all kinds of protectionism, and to make use of trade remedy measures with little care and caution, so as to prevent politicization of economic and trade issues.

The United States is China's largest trade remedy case after China's accession to the WTO. In 2011, it also opened up a new battlefield for China's trade protection.

In September 5, 2011, the WTO appellate body issued a ruling report on the WTO dispute over China's tyre safeguard measures, maintaining the special safeguard measures of the United States. The tyre safeguard case is regarded as a landmark case of the US protectionism against China.

The United States also launched the war into emerging industries. In October 18, 2011, the United States SolarWorld joined 6 other PV companies that did not disclose their identity to appeal to the US International Trade Commission for anti-dumping and countervailing investigations on solar products such as photovoltaic cells and components exported to China.

Trade pformation strategy needs to be implemented.

"After 10 years of experience in the WTO framework, both the Chinese government and enterprises have begun to learn to use reasonable rules to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests."

A person close to the Ministry of Commerce told reporters.

In the first 6 years of China's accession to the WTO, China has only two cases as a complainant in the WTO dispute settlement case.

In 2008 and 2009, the number of China's active appeals rose to four, although it is still lower than the number of cases China respondent, but the attitude of Chinese enterprises to settle international disputes has changed significantly.

This year, facing the gradual escalation of the "double reverse" incident in China and the US PV industry, China's PV industry has not been sitting still.

The 14 photovoltaic enterprises jointly held a press conference to hold a high profile: "double anti" investigation will cause serious damage to the Sino US photovoltaic industry and form a double lose situation.

The respondent's position is clear, but there is no lack of rational consideration. It not only makes itself more confident in the process of litigation, but also puts pressure on the ruler, which is a typical case of Chinese enterprises in settling trade disputes in recent years.

As a functional department in charge of foreign trade, the Ministry of Commerce and its subordinate chambers of Commerce have been behind China's enterprises to defend their own rights and interests.

In the face of the trade disputes stirred up by the United States, the Ministry of Commerce, in addition to actively helping enterprises to cope with litigation, also released the Announcement No. sixty-ninth in 2011 on the basis of the People's Republic of China foreign trade law and the Ministry of Commerce's "rules on the investigation of foreign trade barriers".

Analysts said that if the United States anti-dumping final ruling, will lead to the demonstration effect of other countries, which may make China's international advantages accumulated over the years in the industry to disappear, causing a huge blow to the entire industry.

And the Ministry of Commerce launched the trade barrier investigation. It also defended the interests of the domestic photovoltaic industry with its strong attitude and stance.

"Trade protectionism must be hit hard."

Zhang Lining said, "China's counter-measures must be dealt with in a head-on way, with a resolute attitude and strict measures, stern measures to show our resolute attitude. Two, we must fight against the WTO rules.

In addition, he also pointed out that we should also reflect on our shortcoming and trade must carry out the strategy of pformation.

The technological content and added value of China's export products are low, and they will win in quantity and impact on employment in the country.

Let people buy cheap goods, but we are thankless.

Zhang Lining believes that our economic structure is in the period of strategic pformation, and the export structure should also be pformed towards the high-end direction, so as to reduce the chance of conflict.

European debt shadow

Europe's debt crisis deepens and China's exports to Europe slumped sharply

In the tenth year of China's accession to the WTO, the EU has become China's largest trading partner, and the trade volume between China and the EU accounts for about 16% of China's total trade.

However, the European debt crisis, which has continued to ferment, has cast a heavy shadow on this bright spot.

One of the most obvious examples is that China's export growth to Europe has dropped sharply from 46% in January 2010 to 4.9% in November 2011.

Shanghai's export to Europe has seen a negative growth.

China's commerce ministry's December press conference said China's exports to the EU were weak in November.

The year-on-year growth rate was only 4.9%, lower than the 8.8 percentage point of the overall export growth of that month.

In January ~11, China's exports to the EU increased by 15.1% over the same period last year, and the growth rate continued to narrow compared with 16.3% in January ~10.

Shen Danyang, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said that if the EU's economic growth slowed down further, the further weakening of internal consumption and investment would directly affect the growth of bilateral trade between China and Europe.

Statistics show that since the outbreak of the crisis in Greece, China's export growth to the EU dropped from 46% in January 2010 to 4.9% in November 2011.

In January 2011, China's exports to the EU continued to grow at a level of 25%.

From a regional perspective, due to the slump in the EU market, China's largest Shanghai customs area has seen a rare negative growth in exports to the EU in November, and has "dragged" the export growth of the entire customs area to a low level in the past two years.

According to customs statistics of Shanghai, the export of Shanghai to the European Union in November was less than 10 billion US dollars, down 3.4% from the same period last year.

If we take into account the factors of RMB appreciation in the past year, the actual negative value of exports to the EU in November may be even greater.

2/3 foreign trade dealers' decline in export orders to Europe

At the end of November, global resources survey of 581 Chinese exporters showed that almost all of the companies surveyed felt the impact of the European debt crisis, and 35% of the respondents said that their impact was quite obvious.

In the survey report, 2/3 of Chinese foreign trade enterprises reflected the decline in export orders from Europe.

Zhu Baoliang, deputy director of the Economic Forecasting Department of the state information center, said that apart from the impact of the global debt crisis, the appreciation of the RMB exchange rate will increase, which will weaken the price competitiveness of China's export products. The increase in domestic labor costs, the tightening policy and the continuous rise in financing costs will also make small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises run difficult and affect their export.

In the past two years, exchange rate has always been a big problem for export enterprises, and export enterprises settled in euros have suffered a lot.

This year, the renminbi and other major currencies have maintained an appreciating trend, especially for the euro, which has risen by 8% in the fourth quarter.

Gao Jie, Bing Hua consultant, told reporters that the appreciation of RMB has squeezed profits of export enterprises.

Take an order of 20 million euros, for example, this year's high point is about 1 euro to 10 yuan, the income is 200 million yuan, and the current 8.4 is 168 million yuan, of which the loss caused by the exchange is as high as tens of millions of yuan.

Trade frictions between EU and China are most frequent.

Since the European debt crisis, the EU has gradually replaced the United States, becoming one of the most frequent trade frictions with China.

So far, the EU has launched trade remedy measures for various products including Chinese saccharin, color TV, bicycles, stainless steel and other products, involving food, steel, chemicals, stationery, toys and other industries.

"With the spread and deepening of the crisis, a new round of trade protectionism is on the rise again."

Song Hong, director of the International Trade Research Institute of the Institute of international economics and politics of the Academy of Social Sciences, said that in order to pass the domestic crisis by restricting imports from other countries, on the other hand, people in crisis need more protection from their own governments.

Next year, the EU's attitude towards China in the field of trade is expected to be difficult to change. Song Hong believes that the EU is likely to strengthen the frequency of "double countermeasures" to China's traditional export products such as machinery, metals and chemicals.

He said that for this inclination, one is to strengthen communication among high-level countries, especially the active exchanges between heads of group of twenty countries, and advocate trade freedom; two, enterprises should promote structural pformation and upgrading. In the short term, it is possible to consider setting up a market for diversion and finding alternative products as a response plan.

Sino US economy and trade

Sino US trade friction: multinational companies are the biggest manufacturers of surplus.

In the tenth years after China's entry into the WTO, trade frictions between China and the United States continued.

On December 15th, US Secretary of Commerce Bryson delivered his first speech after taking office, saying that China's patience with trade rules has reached a tipping point.

In December 14th, China's Ministry of Commerce announced anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties on large displacement vehicles in the United States, and Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming said in December 15th that China's move had sufficient legal basis.

In the Sino US economic and trade relations, is the United States "home" or China "home"?

Analysis: Sino US trade surplus has been seriously exaggerated.

Sino US trade has always been a hot topic in the field of trade, and the Chinese surplus is often seen as the source of trade friction between China and the United States.

However, an unpublished research report by Renmin University of China indicates that in fact, it is difficult to truly reflect the trade balance between China and the United States according to the statistics of origin, especially for the statistics of re export trade and processing trade.

This is the essence of the fact that the trade deficit between the United States and China has been seriously exaggerated and the trade balance between China and the United States has been distorted.

Zhang Monan, an associate researcher of the National Information Center forecast department, told reporters that the crux of Sino US trade is mainly related to territorial statistics.

In fact, most of China's processing trade is carried out in multinational companies, and the largest producer of China's trade surplus is overseas multinationals.

The rapid growth of China's exports is caused by the rapid expansion of export volume, and the export dominated by processing trade has shifted some other developed countries' trade with the United States, thus increasing the illusory trade surplus.

There are also many studies and analysis results showing that the trade deficit between the United States and China has been considerably exaggerated.

Li Wei, a Meida Research Department of the Ministry of Commerce and international trade and economic cooperation, told reporters that the problems between the US and China mainly came from three reasons: first, the reasons of territorial statistics; two, related to industrial pfer, because the final production links, including East Asia and other Asian countries, were all in China, causing a large number of manufacturing industries to take China as an export platform.

And from Asia as a whole, the proportion of US imports has not changed significantly over the years, but the proportion of other countries has been smaller and China's proportion has increased. Three, digital statistics can not truly reflect the gains of both sides.

Outlook: trade frictions can hardly be eased in the short term.

According to Chinese customs statistics, China exported $283 billion 300 million to the US in 2010, up 28.3% from the same period last year, and China imported $102 billion 37 million from the United States, an increase of 31.7% over the same period last year.

The United States is China's largest trading partner and largest exporter.

Data show that in 2009, 56% of China's total exports were created by foreign-funded enterprises and took 65% of China's trade surplus.

This phenomenon is mainly due to China's product mix, and nearly half of China's foreign trade is processing trade.

According to China Customs statistics, in January 2010 ~11, foreign trade enterprises accounted for 83.83% of the total value of import and export of processing trade.

Statistics show that from 2004 to 2008, the US trade surplus with China increased by 35.4% annually, much higher than that of China's trade surplus with the US in the same period.

Morgan Stanley's statistical report shows that between 1996 and 2003, Sino US bilateral trade saved us consumers nearly $600 billion, and helped us businesses to reduce costs and control inflation, while China gained a surplus of US $229 billion 180 million over the same period.

Yuan Peng, director of the Institute of modern international relations of the United States of America, believes that economic and trade interests are still the most important common interests of China and the United States, but the role of "ballast stone" or "lubricant" continues to be challenged and has the risk of becoming the biggest source of friction between the two countries.

Xia Xianliang, an associate professor of economics and Trade Economics Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a doctor of economics, told reporters that "Sino US trade issues are not only frictions caused by the differences in statistical caliber and statistical methods between the two sides of the trade, but also the friction caused by the national economic strategy and international political and electoral political needs."

The above UN published research reports, after sorting out the data on the structure, share and total volume of US exports and imports to China in 2010, pointed out that the products imported from China are mainly computer and electronic products, garment manufacturing products, leather and related products and electrical installations.

But only computers and electronic products account for more than 15% of the total imports of the United States, while the rest of the products account for less than 5%.

Tu Yonghong, a professor at the school of Finance and finance at Renmin University of China, stressed that "the total volume of China's trade with the United States is large, but the share of specific industries is very small. The United States should look for its own reasons."

Xia also believes that the US's huge deficit with China is indeed exaggerated.

The trade imbalance described by the United States is actually "cheap and good", and China should have corresponding countermeasures.

In addition, reporters learned from the interview that there are some noteworthy new trends behind the increasingly frequent trade frictions between China and the United States.

Tu Xinquan, vice president of China WTO Research Institute of the University of foreign trade and economics, said that the focus of Sino US friction is gradually upgrading along the path of "product industry system".