Common Problems In The Inspection Of Plumage And Feather Down

The definition and distinction of cashmere content in feather and down detection standards in China were interpreted, and the uneven quality, quality, fluffiness, cleanliness, oxygen consumption and microorganism of feather and down in China were also discussed.

1.1 different standards have different definitions of cashmere content.

1.1.1 industry standard FZ/T 81002, FZ/T 80001 for the definition of cashmere content

The description of cashmere content in FZ/T 81002 is as follows: "3.13 percentage content of cashmere and cashmere in feather and down," and its corresponding method standard FZ/T80001 specifies the amount of cashmere.

Medium: MZ – velvet quality, G, MS - Velvet quality, G.

In FZ/T 81002, the term "velvet" is defined as "3.3 Plush Duff, immature velvet, similar pile and damaged velvet".

The definition of velvet is "3.4 single velvet silk from velvet and feather roots."

1.1.2 national standard GB/T 17685 and GB/T 10288 for the definition of cashmere content

After the revision of GB/T17685, the definition of "cashmere content" was abolished: "this standard has changed as compared with GB/T17685-1999:" this standard has abolished the definition of "cashmere content".

The revised GB/T17685 for the nouns containing cashmere, including velvet, velvet, velvet, and so on, were defined as "4.1 percentage of down content feather down feather."

"4.2 velvet down includes velvet, immature velvet, similar pile and damaged velvet."

"4.7 velvet silk down fiber from the root of velvet or feather.

The standard GB/T10288 corresponding to GB/T 17685 defines the picking procedure and calculation process of velvet content and velvet content.

Difference between 1.1.3 industry standard and national standard about cashmere content

The definition of velvet and velvet is consistent with industry standards and national standards.

The difference is that the amount of cashmere is the sum of velvet and velvet in the industry standard, and the percentage of cashmere in the national standard refers to the proportion of cashmere.

At present, most enterprises adopt the industry standard and use less for national standards.

The main reasons are as follows: first, enterprises are accustomed to using the industry standard and have less understanding and understanding of national standards; two, the commonly used down garment standard GB/T 14272 refers to two standards such as FZ/T81002 and FZ/T80001; three, the logo in down garment is marked with the amount of cashmere, not the content of cashmere.

1.2 the problem of uneven feathers in feather and down.

Uneven feathers are present, mainly due to the different quality of velvet, velvet, impurities, wool and so on. It is easy to produce uneven distribution of each component. Therefore, feather and down standards are required to mix and shrink samples before testing.

In the process of mixing and shrinkage, the composition of the sample should be uniformly distributed.

For large samples, it is not easy to mix well.

1.3 present condition of down quality

Since the end of 2009, the down price has been soaring all the way, but a large number of inferior products are coming.

In the past, 90% of eiderdown and goose down were relatively rare, and most of them were products containing 60%, 70% and 80% cashmere.

At present, most of the products are inferior in quality. The main problems are: small fleece, immature velvet, feather silk, high impurity content and excessive microorganism. Some manufacturers also crush the feathers into the velvet to increase the cashmere content; some products are placed for a long time, and because of the long storage time, most of the decomposed feather down has been re introduced to the market in a humid environment.

Down areas

(1) China's eiderdown is mostly produced in the south, and the weather in the south is warmer.

Water birds in Northeast Europe and Denmark and Poland grow in the cold wind all the year round, so their heat preservation ability is better.

(2) the duck geese in northern Europe and Canada are larger, while Chinese waterfowl are smaller. The mature waterbirds are more soft and warm.

The fluffiness of down has a direct effect on elasticity, warmth and comfort.

There are many reasons why the fluffiness is not up to standard.

(1) the amount of cashmere and the amount of cashmere can reflect the quality of fluffiness.

But the down products with low cashmere content are not necessarily bad.

(2) the size of the fleece and the fluffiness of the product are better, and the fluffy products are generally less fluffy.

(3) under the condition of adequate washing and full washing, the down is more clean, fluffy, comfortable and fluffy.

(4) the content of feather silk and impurity to Peng

(5) fluffy degree can be reduced in many samples.

Therefore, samples with high cashmere content, large fleece, high flannel content, adequate water washing, less impurities in feather yarn and small wool pieces must have high fluffiness.

Cleanliness also affects the quality of down garments. Cleanliness reflects the cleanliness of down filling.

The cleanliness is high, which shows that the feather is fully washed, and does not contain much oil and residue. It can also remove more odors.

If the feather filling is not well cleaned, the down jacket will easily make the stolen goods in the down.

Cleanliness test.

At present, the domestic standards for detecting the cleanliness of feather and down feathers include GB and industry standards.

The oscillations of the two standards are 30 * 150 and 4500~5000, respectively. However, some feather and down products can not oscillate sufficiently under the prescribed number of oscillations, so in this case, the cleanliness of feather and down can not be fully reflected.

The difference in visual acuity of personnel.

In the two cleanliness test methods, the observation of the vision of the double black cross problem affects the result, especially when the sample is at the qualified edge.

The better the eyesight is, the better the visibility of the double black cross line is, and the cleanliness of the measurement is even higher.

Therefore, in order to unify the cleanliness of different organs, we should reconfirm the vision in the standard.

Oxygen consumption and feather in eiderdown

However, products with excessive oxygen consumption are not necessarily caused by microbiological disqualification.

After years of laboratory inspection and testing practice, the oxygen consumption of some down products is over 10mg/100g.

Microbiological examination of this part of down products failed to detect microbial disqualification.

After analysis, it is found that some of these products may be added some finishing agents or post-treatment agents, because the chemical substances can produce redox reaction with Potassium Permanganate, resulting in excessive oxygen consumption in the testing process.

Therefore, GB/T17685 – 2003 made a clear annotation for oxygen consumption: "when oxygen consumption exceeds 10mg, microbial indicators are carried out.

Four major microorganisms, including thermophilic aerobic bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis, sulfite reducing Clostridium and Salmonella, were detected in the down standard.

Among the four microorganisms, Salmonella is the most pathogenic bacteria. In nature, microbes are everywhere, reaching tens of thousands of species, of which pathogenic microorganisms are only a small part.

Sulfite reducing Clostridium is commonly found in human and animal intestines and excreta, and also exists in food, even in cans.

In September 1998, the European Commission for standardization issued the standard EN1884 – 1998 "feather and down inspection method - microbial condition testing", which stipulated the detection method of down microorganism.

The subsequent E N12935 – 2001 feather feather down safety requirements set down the requirements for the four kinds of bacteria in the down filling material, and showed that when the oxygen consumption exceeded 20mg/100g, the microorganism could be detected, such as below 20mg/100g.

When the oxygen consumption exceeds 10mg/100g, we need to do microbiological detection.

Down feather is processed normally.