Small Shoes And Clothing Enterprises Are Plight And Difficult To Enjoy The Policy Sunshine.

"Raw material prices are much higher than before. Labor costs are doubling up, and workers can hardly afford to use them; taxes are heavy; almost half of the profits are used to pay taxes; bank loans are high interest rates, and they must be mortgaged and not easy to borrow."

Jin Tao, general manager of Liaoning Shengda shoes industry Co., Ltd., in an interview with reporters in May 23rd, described his current situation. "The market is small and the competition is more intense. The days of small and micro enterprises are very sad."

Is Jin Tao talking about a universal phenomenon? What is the biggest problem facing small and micro enterprises in many unfavorable factors?

According to the results of a sample survey, the biggest problems facing small and micro enterprises are: rising labor costs, rising raw materials and other production costs, and high tax burden. These three mountains are the biggest burden faced by small and micro enterprises.

Yes.

"And" insufficient policy support "is also more prominent, and 38.2% and 31.4% of the respondents respectively have this feeling.

Besides, the problems that plague small and micro enterprises are: shrinking market, low technology content and obsolete management mode.

The market has shrunk because of weak external demand and sluggish domestic demand. For many export enterprises, changes in the market are causing serious problems.

High labor cost

Reporters learned from various interviews that small and micro enterprises have different perceptions of rising labor costs in different industries.

The most important problem faced by these small and micro enterprises is that the number of employees is declining. The problem facing technological innovation enterprises is "how to retain hi-tech talents and prevent frequent flow of personnel".

Yan Zhihui, general manager of Peng Xin Clothing Co., Ltd. in Guangdong, described the situation as "workers entering factories are like blind dates, looking at treatment, looking at the factory buildings, and looking at the mess hall.

The investigation team found that the small and micro enterprises mainly attributed the rise of labor costs to the following three aspects: rising prices led to rising cost of living for workers, prompting workers' wages to be continuously elevated; the state's protection of workers' welfare was strengthened, and workers' welfare awareness was raised;

In addition, most business owners complain that employees who spend money and energy can not stay behind, and employees often quit job, which directly leads to higher cost of personnel maintenance.

Small and micro entrepreneurs interviewed by reporters generally appeal that under the current situation of small and micro enterprises facing business difficulties, they can not simply hand over all labor costs to small and micro enterprises alone.

On the one hand, they expect that the government can establish a credit system in the talent market, restrict employees' frequent job hopping, and on the other hand, hope that the government can provide more perfect social security, reduce the pressure of employees in housing and medical care, so as to change the employees' pursuit of high income or only willing to enter large enterprises, and cultivate their loyalty to small and micro enterprises.

High production cost

In June 3rd, Li Songlin, chairman of Zhejiang Feng Ye Group Co., Ltd. listed the various costs involved in the operation of the company: the cost of the annual inspection of industry and commerce, the cost of the inspection by the Technical Supervision Bureau, 12 thousand yuan of the environmental sanitation fee, the 10 thousand yuan of the joint defense fee of the police station, and the about 100000 yuan of environmental protection sewage charges. Although the cost of individual departments is not large, all kinds of names add up a year.

The 113 small and micro business owners interviewed generally reflected that in recent years, energy costs, raw materials and other key element costs have risen too rapidly, making many small and micro enterprises profit margins that are already at the low end of the industrial chain have been squeezed out, and small and micro enterprises are struggling to survive.

Especially in the current severe inflation situation, the price of raw materials is soaring all the way, so that many small and micro enterprises are caught unprepared.

In addition, many small and micro enterprises reflect that the tax burden is too high, there are many kinds of tax related businesses, and there are many paying items, so the preferential policies for tax reduction and reduction are difficult to implement, and the real benefits of enterprises are less.

In the survey, the reporters investigation team also found that in terms of land use,

More willing to assign land to large and medium enterprises rather than small and micro enterprises has made many small and micro entrepreneurs dissatisfied.

Small and micro enterprises in the industrial park also face investment intensity constraints, land constraints have become a bottleneck for their continued development and expansion.

In May 31st, when our reporter met with a number of small and micro business owners in Qingdao, Xu Shuduo, chairman of Qingdao Guangming environmental protection Co., Ltd., which had a number of independent intellectual property rights, issued a "feeling that if I had one hundred or two hundred acres of docks in Qingdao as a shipyard, there would be no more than a billion revenue a year".

The high cost of logistics is also a burden for small and micro enterprises.

Yu Jitao, chairman of Shandong Zhong Sen Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., in an interview with reporters in May 28th, said that logistics cost has become a major obstacle for them to open up the market.

For their enterprises, if they take into account the petrol, passing charges and subsidies to pport personnel, logistics costs will account for more than 15% of the total cost of the enterprise.

What is particularly worth mentioning is that the large enterprises' Arrears of loans for small and micro businesses have also increased the operating costs of small and micro enterprises.

Some small and micro enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises supporting the production of products for local large and medium-sized enterprises, reflect that the large state-owned enterprises occupy a strong position in settlement, their payment process is longer and complex, and sometimes they are deliberately delayed, resulting in a longer payment period, which results in their failure to pay their upstream businesses' loans in time and form a new triangle debt phenomenon, which seriously affects their production and operation.

This phenomenon exists in the East, central and western regions of this survey in varying degrees, especially in coastal areas.

Other operating costs, water, electricity, rent and other high is also small and micro enterprises, especially service small and micro enterprises have complained.

High tax burden

"The average profit of the enterprise is only 1% - 3%, and the tax increases by 30% to 40% per year. This is to drive the enterprise to death."

On the afternoon of May 28th, Zhou Dewen, President of Wenzhou Association of small and medium enterprises, said in an interview with our reporter.

As for the pressure of tax burden on enterprise management, the feeling of small and micro enterprises tends to be strong.

Of the enterprises visited by our reporter, nearly 2/3 of enterprises believe that the current tax burden has already affected the operation of enterprises.

Some enterprises also reflect the uneven tax burden. Because the economic situation is tight, some enterprises fail or fail to collect taxes, and the relevant departments have further increased the burden of enterprises by pferring the tax they can not receive to the enterprises that are still profitable.

In an interview with our reporter, Mr. Chen, chairman of a shoe industry company in Wenzhou, was very angry when he talked about this situation: "do you know what I am doing today? I pay an extra tax of ten tens of thousands of yuan with the accountant to the Inland Revenue Department.

Because this year we have closed down a lot of enterprises, and the tasks stipulated by the Local Taxation Bureau can not be completed, so that those of us who are still in operation will have more points to help them accomplish their tasks.

Regarding this, Jin Shaolong, director of the Ruian Municipal Bureau of classics, said that such a practice would not only impose heavy burden on the tax burden of the enterprises still in operation, but more importantly, it would lead to unfair problems.

He believes that this is related to the relevant departments to understand the tax source is not solid.

He suggested that the relevant departments should conduct a classified census of tax sources and conduct an audit through intermediaries.

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In view of the government's many preferential tax policies for small and micro enterprises, how do small and micro enterprises feel? In an interview with our newspaper reporters, many small and micro entrepreneurs interviewed said they had "no contact", while those who contacted it thought that the discount was not large and the restrictions were too many, which had little effect on the enterprises.

Zhang Jiacheng, general manager of Shandong Jiacheng Software Technology Co., Ltd. took account of a recent policy to our reporter. "Preferential policies stipulate that the annual income of enterprises is less than 5000 yuan, and the income tax can be reduced by 5%. Do you think that the profits of a stall selling vegetables are more than 5000 yuan? Finally, the enterprises can only pay less than 250 yuan a year. What is the attraction of this policy to small and micro enterprises?"

Zheng Guibin, vice president of the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, attributed the above phenomenon to "the contradictory behavior of the government on tax issues".

He believes that, on the one hand, the government hopes to reduce the tax burden on small and micro enterprises, and on the other hand, the government should ensure that the tax departments maintain tax collection efforts to ensure revenue. This will greatly reduce the implementation of preferential tax policies.

In addition, this investigation team found that tax burden may also encourage small and micro enterprises to take various means to evade taxes.

This not only deviates from the existing tax system, but further hinders the establishment of the credit information system of small and micro enterprises, which makes it impossible for enterprises to raise funds through sound credit reporting.

Financing is difficult and expensive.

Xu Zhisheng is the general manager of Sichuan de Dong Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Deyang, China.

Recently, he is worrying about how he can raise a sum of money to expand the production scale of the East Electric Company.

"It's almost 20 million to 30 million."

In June 2nd, Xu Zhisheng told this reporter that there are now large single dare not receive, restricted by funds, for fear that they can not be completed on time.

This is a common phenomenon.

However, the sample survey results show that "financing difficulties" ranked fourth in the "small and micro enterprises think the most difficult problem" option. Does this mean that small and micro enterprises do not have financing difficulties? The answer is No.

Yu Jitao, chairman of Shandong Zhong Sen Building Materials Technology Co. Ltd., told our reporter that most of the founders of small and micro enterprises are people with certain financial strength. If there is no good source of funds, small and micro enterprises can not run at all.

However, once the scale is further expanded, enterprises will generally encounter the problem of shortage of funds.

Their enterprises are facing such a difficult problem at present.

According to the sample survey conducted by the investigative group of journalists, it is found that the production and operation funds of small and micro enterprises are mainly raised by themselves (86.7%), and 31.4% by bank borrowers. In addition, 10.5% and 12.4% of enterprises are financing by means of private lending and internal fund-raising.

The sampling results show that the financing channels of small and micro enterprises are very narrow. They rely mainly on their relatives and friends to borrow money and suppliers' credit to solve the problem of enterprise funds, and the proportion of banks' support is relatively small.

Why do banks have little to do with loans from small and micro enterprises? In this interview, our reporter found that the problems related to financing related to small and micro business owners are: the loan interest rate is too high, almost all profits must be returned to interest; most of the loans need fixed assets mortgage; some enterprises with no fixed assets are hard to get loans; the loan procedures are too cumbersome, the banks have many auditing standards, and the changes are fast; the standards of Guarantee corporation are different, and the fees collection is not uniform.

"Interest rates are so high that loans are made to the banks' white jobs", so we basically do not expect to borrow from banks.

Do not say that bad loans, that is, good loans are afraid to lend.

Liu Yuanzhu, general manager of Shenyang North Ding engine room equipment Co., Ltd., told our reporter.

This investigation team found that the current time of acceptance of the bill of exchange is long and the discount rate is high, which has become a major factor in the shortage of funds for small and micro enterprises.

Now the bank loans to enterprises to open the acceptance of bills of exchange, the settlement of payments between enterprises is mostly for the bill of settlement, small and micro enterprises to purchase raw materials, pay wages, pay taxes, pay electricity bills and so on must be used in cash, a small and micro business owners to our reporter calculated an account, the acceptance rate is generally around 6% discount rate, higher than 10%, only acceptance of a bill, some small and micro enterprises profit loss of about 10%.

A bank president, who declined to be named, explained why the banks were unwilling to lend to small and micro businesses. First, the most important reason is that the small and micro enterprises are mostly imperfect in internal management, lack of long-term enterprise planning, complete and sound financial system and reliable collateral. The information asymmetry has affected the bank's risk control for small and micro enterprises. Secondly, the contribution of small and micro enterprises to the bank's operating cost income ratio is low, small and micro enterprises are large in number and small in scale, the cost of bank research and service is too high, the input and output efficiency is poor, and the service is difficult to sustain; in addition, the credit environment of the whole society needs to be perfected, and the credit system of small and micro enterprises has not yet been established, which has affected the bank's mastery of credit for small and micro enterprises.

It is in these considerations that although the government strongly advocates, the existing commercial banks are still unable to provide financial services to small and micro enterprises in a large scale.

Implementation of supporting policies is difficult

Since October 2011, in order to support the development of small and micro enterprises, the state has issued a number of policies and guidance, such as the financial and fiscal policies and measures issued by the State Council in October 2011 to support the development of small and micro enterprises, the notice on Issuing the standards for the specification of small and medium enterprises, and the guiding opinions of commercial banks on loans for small and micro enterprises.

"Some policies do help me."

In May 30th, Yi Minghui, chairman of Watson Electric Technology Co., Ltd. of Hunan, affirmed the role of the policy to the China Economic Times reporter.

"There are some preferential policies for enterprises in our city, for example, support for the declaration of science and technology projects, even if it is one hundred thousand or one hundred and fifty thousand, is still of great help."

But not all small and micro entrepreneurs are as lucky as Yi Minghui.

This reporter found that in different provinces and cities, small and micro enterprises in different cities and different industries have slightly different perceptions of policy support and tax reduction.

Only a few enterprises believe that policies are in place, and these enterprises are mainly small and micro enterprises of science and technology.

A large number of small and micro enterprises reflect, "have never enjoyed or even do not know these support policies".

"For policy, the most important thing is how to implement the place."

In the interview, our reporter heard many times that small and micro entrepreneurs and experts said, "in many cases, the policy is thunder and heavy rain. The policies promulgated by the State Council for various reasons can not be implemented in some cities."

Summing up the reasons for the difficulty in implementing the policy, our investigation team found that on the one hand, some policies were not operable.

In many small and micro enterprises, there are many prerequisites for the government to provide support, which makes the success rate of support for small and micro enterprises become very low.

On the other hand, such as Yu Jitao, chairman of Shandong Zhong Sen Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., the government's standards for supporting small and micro enterprises are not clear.

"For start-ups.

What support should it give? When the small enterprises go to medium-sized enterprises, what support should they give and when they go up to large enterprises, they should have standards.

Yu Jitao said.

Only in this way can these policies be targeted.

The policy is too intensive, which affects the implementation of the policy and the actual role to some extent.

Ma Huaishan, President of the Henan chamber of Commerce in Shandong Province, told reporters that "the first policy has not yet been implemented, and the second one has come out. Who will pursue the first one?" and when do you know when the third policies will go on? "So, waiting and watching has become the choice of some local governments.

Many small and micro entrepreneurs also reflected that the government's propaganda on policy was not in place, and it was also one of the reasons that affected the effectiveness of the policy.

The state has issued many policies and guidance for supporting small and micro enterprises, but our investigation team has found that many small and micro enterprises do not understand these policies or do not know this policy at all.

On the one hand, this kind of situation arises because some business owners are not paying enough attention to the policy. On the other hand, it also reflects that the interaction between the government and small and micro enterprises is not enough.

Zhou Shaoguo, member and deputy director of the Deyang economic and Information Committee of Sichuan Province, suggested to the newspaper reporters that every document issued by the government must be based on policies and laws. Secondly, we should listen to the opinions of the enterprises and the voices of the competent departments after listening to the opinions of the enterprises concerned. After that, we will hear the voices of some enterprises with opposing opinions. After that, we will form the first draft and then discuss the issue.

In addition, a small and micro business owner in Liaoning suggested that government media and other departments should strengthen publicity on those supportive policies, so that more and more small and micro enterprises should understand and strive to enjoy the sunshine of the policy.