The Process And Discussion Of Informatization Of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

At the summit of China's manufacturing informatization.

Mr. Jiang Mingwei was invited to give a speech entitled "the history and discussion of the informatization of Chinese manufacturing enterprises".

Thank you for giving me this opportunity. I have been engaged in information technology for several decades. The organizers of the forum have given me a review of the past course. Here I would like to talk with you about my experience in the thirty years of China's manufacturing informatization.

The process of manufacturing informatization in China can be divided into: 1980s (that is, 78 to 88 years), the first ten years of reform and opening up after China's Cultural Revolution ended, 90s and twenty-first Century.

These three stages.

Following the process of institutional pformation and informatization of manufacturing enterprises, we review the changes, experiences and lessons of manufacturing informatization in the past 30 years.

The first stage is from 78 to 88 years. At that time 90% of the enterprises belong to the Ministry of industry, the provincial and municipal industrial bureaus, and the leaders of enterprises are national cadres.

The market environment was the planned economy to the market economy pformation period at that time, the planned economy is very common, the salesperson is the boss, the buyer must revolve around him.

At that time, we ordered two orders a year. We decided to purchase a plan for one year, and we couldn't get zero inventory. At that time, we wanted to buy all the demand for one year. The market was basically in a shortage economy.

At the same time, some financial computerization, MRPII and so on appeared.

Information technology is in the breeding stage. Information technology also belongs to the host terminal system. Almost all of them are closed systems, and each information-based product has its own operating system and database.

Lack of understanding of information technology, purely technical point of view, technology to dominate the implementation of the entire project, heavy hardware and light software is very serious.

At that time, the State paid much attention to the promotion of information technology and provided special research funds.

There are also some demonstration factories for manufacturing informatization.

In 90s, most of the industrial departments began to dissolve, and the state-owned enterprises changed to the modern enterprise system, and the private enterprises rose.

With the development of market economy, a surplus economy has emerged, and the competitiveness has intensified, prompting enterprises to have the desire to change.

At this time, ERP is relatively hot, and informatization is in the development stage.

Information technology, customer / server, system open to the operation system has UNIX, Windows, database has ORACLE, DB2, SQL Server and so on.

People's understanding of informatization is also aimed at adapting to the competitive environment and improving economic efficiency.

At this time, we also began to advocate the "leader" policy, and the top leaders of enterprises should take part in the informatization process and be responsible for them.

But the same as in the 80s, heavy hardware and light software.

During this period, a large number of enterprises implemented ERP, and a number of demonstration projects emerged.

And domestic software has begun to emerge and occupy a place in the market.

The 863/CIMS program of the state is very helpful for promoting informatization.

The state has put forward "vigorously promoting the informatization of national economy and society".

It is only eight years since twenty-first Century. In the past eight years, the modern enterprise system has basically taken shape and the separation between government and enterprises has been formed.

After so many years of development, the market economy has been very thorough.

After joining the global economic system, China has become a big manufacturing country in the world.

But it is not yet a big country in manufacturing information, and enterprises are facing fierce market competition both at home and abroad.

The informatization of this stage is mainly based on the ERP of e-commerce and collaborative manufacturing.

It should be said that the manufacturing informatization is in a mature stage.

New information technology is constantly emerging, using browser / server system, many applications are based on Internet, and the system is further open.

Enterprises begin to view information technology from a strategic perspective and implement management reform. Management consulting is receiving more and more attention.

From the point of view of effectiveness, through informatization, changing management mode, business process, improving organization efficiency and process efficiency, comprehensive budget, performance management and business intelligence (BI) have been applied.

From the sixteen point of view, "informatization drives industrialization, industrialization promotes informatization", and the Seventeenth National Congress put forward "vigorously promoting the integration of information technology and industrialization".

Now, let me talk about several important issues that people are concerned about in the development of information technology.

I published an article in the middle of 80s and put forward a view of "three 1/3".

At that time, Chinese enterprises had many problems in the enterprise system, market environment and so on. Some international information companies entered China, did not understand China's national conditions, and the software developed was not suitable for China.

So I put forward "foreign MRPII software 1/3 available, 1/3 modified available, 1/3 unavailable".

After being strongly criticized by these foreign companies, they should criticize each time they launch the conference and are still critical.

They think that my statement is conservative, that I am a "conservative representative of closed door", but some domestic companies take the "three 1/3" as the basis for developing ERP independently.

But then international companies also realized this problem and gradually improved it.

Now, this theory is no longer suitable, because China's market environment has developed, and international companies have done enough research before entering China.

An international company has been in China for several years without selling software, but has been doing research, which is admirable.

In 90s, there was a controversy between "MRPII outdated theory" and "MRPII not outdated".

In early 90s, Gartner Group put forward the concept of ERP and put forward "MRPII outdated theory" in China.

Until 2006, the industry was widely rumored that ERP, which was developed from MRP II, was too reluctant to set foot in the design because of the complexity of the design. The MRP II ERP eventually declined or even disappeared.

The ERP is the real demand of users at present, and the implementation effect is also well received by users.

I think this is not scientific.

Later came the "ERP outdated theory".

Gartner Group put forward the concept of ERPII for the new definition of ERP, and some people think that ERP is also out of date. Ending ERP and ERP are the future.

There are many kinds of speeches.

I personally think that ERP only represents the definition of a domain name, and frequent changes are meaningless.

The name of a technical domain should define the scope, content and objectives of the field that are independent of time and space.

The definition of MRPII/ERP has a lot of time and space and historical color, so it is natural to be constantly attacked.

In fact, MRP II or ERP also represents the technology of manufacturing management information system.

Society is developing. We can not change its name frequently because of the progress of technology.

The name is only a "symbol". Since you have some common understanding of it, there is no need to rename it frequently.

Another big thing is that a large number of domestic financial software companies such as UFIDA, Kingdee and others have entered the ERP software market in China, forming a situation that Chinese and foreign enterprises compete with each other.

We must realize that 863/CIMS and 863 advanced manufacturing technologies, organized by the Ministry of science and technology, have organized theoretical research, basic research, software development and application demonstration in the whole country.

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the informatization of manufacturing industry.

The Fifteenth National Congress of the CPC put forward in 1997: "vigorously promote the national economy and social informatization"; in 2002, the sixteen put forward: "informatization drives industrialization, industrialization promotes informatization"; in 2007, the Seventeenth National Congress put forward: "vigorously promote the integration of informatization and industrialization".

There are several noteworthy problems in the informatization of manufacturing industry.

Some information executives don't even know what the essence of ERP is.

What is the quintessence of ERP? Shortening the production cycle and procurement lead time, reducing the occupation of inventory and WIP, improving the punctual delivery rate, responding quickly to customer needs, improving customer satisfaction, improving production capacity, reducing overtime hours, reducing product costs, improving labor productivity, improving capital turnover rate, and improving the timeliness, accuracy and sharing of production and operation data.

If there is no advanced production planning control technology, no MPS, MRP, SFC, CRP and JIT, there is no good supply chain planning coordination and optimization.

Therefore, production management, supply chain planning coordination and optimization is the core of manufacturing management informatization. I think China's logistics and capital flow are not synchronized.

The company delivers the goods, but the receiving party does not pay immediately. He always pushes back.

March payment in February, April payment of March......

Without paying the goods, the goods are issued, but they cannot be invoiced, and the accounts can not be accounted for, otherwise they will not be charged.

The white bill in the enterprise is popular, and the purchase invoices can not be put into storage. The sales invoices can not be put out of the warehouse, and all kinds of restrictive conditions within the enterprise are not allowed to go out, resulting in the most basic inventory data being not timely and inaccurate.

Inventory is not allowed, resulting in lack of basis for production, purchase planning, production scheduling and cost accounting.

Logistics and finance did not create conditions for the in-depth implementation of ERP.

In addition, the use of information technology to simulate manual cost is time-consuming and laborious, and accounting is not accurate.

The collection of cost data basically does not depend on the data of the logistics system, and manually input large amounts of cost data.

The situation of cost distortion is widespread, and there is no cost analysis and cost control.

There are many problems in the understanding of informatization.

Informatization is not taken as an enterprise strategy, but not integrated with the management reform of enterprises.

"Wear new shoes to walk the old road" and "cut the right foot" phenomenon exists simultaneously.

No support from top leaders and active participation of middle level leaders.

Attaching importance to technology, light management, heavy hardware, light software and light consulting services still exist.