Ancient Folk Traditional Textile Printing And Dyeing Handicraft

Batik, a dyeing process.

First, we use liquid wax to draw the pattern on the cloth and then remove the wax after dyeing.

A traditional folk dyeing and printing technology in China.

The pattern is painted on the white cloth with melted yellow wax. After dyeing, it waxes and waxes, showing a white pattern.

Probably in the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty prevailed.

Batik is an ancient traditional textile printing and dyeing handicraft in China.

Batik, ancient wax, and valerian (tie dyeing), clip vale (hollow printing) is also called the three largest printing technology in ancient China.

Batik is dipped in wax with a wax knife and painted with blue indigo. After dyeing, it shows a variety of patterns of blue or white blue flowers. At the same time, in the dyeing process, the wax naturally cracked as a resist, giving the cloth a special "ice pattern", which is especially charming.

Because the batik patterns are rich, the tone is elegant and the style is unique, it is simple, generous, fresh and pleasing to the eye, and has national characteristics.

The origin of batik dyeing Chinese dyeing and weaving technology has been greatly developed in the Western Zhou Dynasty (ll century BC - 771 BC).

According to the records of the book of rites and other documents, silk and dyed dyeing officers were appointed as officials at the time. Chu country also had a "blue Yin" official who was in charge of producing indigo.

It can be seen that the silk weaving and dyeing processes were quite large.

Batik is called wax vale in ancient times. It uses wax to draw patterns on linen, silk, cotton, wool and other fabrics. Then it is dyed in dye vat, where wax is not stained, and wax is beautiful.

This is an ancient antidyeing technology in China. It has a long history.

Batik is an ancient and unique hand painting and dyeing art of Miao Nationality in China. It originated in Qin and Han Dynasties and prevailed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties (581--907 AD).

There is an inexhaustible source of art. From generation to generation, it can be said that batik, as the oldest handicraft, is part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.

The ancient batik relics discovered in ancient China were found in the Northern Dynasties (AD 396 - 581) in Xinjiang, the blue wax valerian fabric, the blue wax valerian cotton fabric and the western Xinjiang (Turpan 400 - 421) blue valerian silk and the Tang Dynasty (618 to 907 years) several kinds of wax valerian silk and wax vale gauze, and a large number of valerian valas found in the Tang Dynasty of the 130 grottoes of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang.

The wax and dyed fabrics of the Northern Dynasties and the West cold wax and valerian fabrics are all dark blue with white flowers. The patterns are clear and clear, simple and elegant.

The batik dyeing process has been handed down from generation to generation in Southwest China's minority areas, especially in the minority areas of Guizhou. It has inherited and carried forward the traditional batik process and has been widely popular. It has become an indispensable art in the life of minority women.

Ethnic minority women who are mainly decorated with batik are Huang Ping, heavy river area and Danzhai county. Their scarves, waist, clothes, skirts, leggings and leggings are all made of batik, others such as umbrella covers, pillow towels, rice Gepa, bags, schoolbags, straps and so on. They also use batik. The Miao women in Anshun and Puding are decorated with batik patterns on the edges of sleeves, skirts and clothes. They carry back the children's Batik straps, which are exquisitely meticulous and meticulous. Besides the blue and white two colors, some of them are also dyed red, yellow and green, and become bright and colorful multicolored batiks. Here

The batik dyeing of various ethnic minorities in Guizhou has its own characteristics. For example, the batik patterns of Miao nationality still use the patterns of ancient bronze drums and folktales, some of which are flowers, birds, insects and fish in daily life, while the Buyi people are fond of using geometric patterns.

The batik of every ethnic group has its own unique style.

The legend of batik is that there are many batik songs in the Miao nationality area (Gu Ge), which tells the story of the origin of batik from generation to generation. There is a clever and beautiful Miao girl who is not satisfied with the uniform color of clothes. She always wants to dye all kinds of flower patterns on her skirt. But it is too much trouble to draw things one by one, but she can not think of any good way at all.

One day, the girl looked at clusters of flowers, but she didn't want to come out, but she fell asleep in contemplation.

In the dim light, a beautiful Hua Xianzi took her to a hundred flower garden. There were countless exotic flowers and flowers in the park.

The girl looked at it in the garden, and was fascinated by it. Even the bees were full of her dress.

When she woke up, she realized that she was asleep just now, but she looked down and saw that the bees in the flowers had just left and left her spotted nectar and beeswax on her dress, which was very ugly.

She had to take her dress to the indigo dyed bucket and try to dye her dress once again, trying to cover the wax trail.

After dyeing, he went to the boiling water to float and float.

When the girl took out her dress from the boiling water, a miracle appeared: there was a beautiful white flower in the dark blue dress where it was stained by beeswax.

The girl's heart moved, and immediately found beeswax. After heating, she painted the wax pattern on the white cloth with the branches, then put it in the indigo dye to dye it, and finally melted the wax with boiling water, and there were all kinds of white flowers on the cloth, oh!

The dyed VAT dyed the printed cloth, and the girl sang the folk song happily.

When people heard the song of the girl, they came to her house to hear her talk about the dream in a hundred gardens, to see her dyed flower skirts, and to learn the skills of drawing flowers. After everyone returned to their home, they also stained many kinds of cloth in accordance with the way the girl taught.

Since then, batik technology has been spread among Miao people and the brotherly peoples such as Buyi and Yao.

The batik types of wax printing can be classified into three main categories: the southwest ethnic minority areas, the folk artists and the rural women who are self-designed batik products, which belong to folk handicrafts.

Another category is batik products produced by factories and workshops, which belong to arts and crafts.

The third category is the pure ornamental artwork made by artists, that is, "batik painting".

The three categories of batik exist simultaneously, influence each other and compete with each other.

This complex and pluralistic phenomenon is rare in the art world.

The process of batik dyeing, the method of making batik, is to lay white cloth on the case, place wax in a small pot, add heat to dissolve it into juice, and use wax knife to dip wax juice on the cloth.

In general, no painting is made, no painting is made by conception, nor by ruler and compasses. The lines drawn, straight lines and square figures drawn can match well, and the painted flowers, birds, insects and fishes are lifelike and lifelike.

After painting, dye it in the dye vat, dye it out and boil it in clear water. After the wax is dissolved, the white pattern will be observed.

Batik: materials used for drawing batik are usually made of white cloth woven from folk, but woven cloth, silk and poplin are also used.

The main protective agent is Huang La (beeswax), sometimes mixed with white wax.

Beeswax is the secretion of the wax gland of the bee's abdomen. It is insoluble in water, but it can melt after heating.

It is to use this characteristic as a preservative for batik.

The dye used is Guizhou's Lonicera.

Guizhou is rich in bluegrass, a Polygonum Plant with a height of about two or three feet, flowering in July and harvested in August.

The Bluegrass leaves are fermented in pits and become blue indigo.

In the rural market of Guizhou, there are dyestuffs with indigo dye, but they also buy indigo and dye them in their own vats.

The tool for drawing wax is not a brush, but a homemade steel knife.

Because it is easy to cool and solidify with brush, and the steel knife is easy to keep warm.

The steel knives are made of two or more thin copper sheets of the same shape, one end attached to a wooden handle.

The knife edge is slightly open and the middle is slightly empty, so as to easily store beeswax.

According to the needs of various lines of painting, there are different sizes of copper knives, usually with semicircle, triangle, hatchet and so on.

Guizhou folk wax printing method and process: "1, processing before painting". First, bleached and washed the homespun cloth with lime, then knead it in paste with the cooked taro, and then smear it on the back of the cloth. After drying, use the horn to smooth and polish. The stone plate is the natural grinding press.

"2", "wax", put the white cloth on the board or the tabletop, place the beeswax in a ceramic bowl or a metal pot, melt the wax with the charcoal ash or the chaff shell in the brazier, and then use the copper knife to dip the wax into it. The first step in painting is to manage the position.

In some areas, a large outline is determined according to the pattern of paper cuts, and then various patterns are drawn.

In other areas, it is not necessary to use the nail to draw a large outline on the white cloth, so you can draw all kinds of beautiful patterns with ease.

"3, dyeing" the method of dyeing is to put the painted wax pieces in the indigo dye vat, and each piece needs to soak for five or six days.

After soaking for the first time, dry and light blue.

And then immerse it several times, then dark blue.

If it is necessary to have a deep and light pattern on the same fabric, then after the first soak, draw the wax dye in the light blue, and then make two deep and shallow patterns.

When the wax sheet is placed in the dye vat, some of the "wax seals" are damaged by folding, resulting in natural cracks, commonly known as "ice patterns".

Sometimes ice patterns are also made according to needs.

This "ice pattern" tends to make the batik patterns richer and more natural and unique.

4, remove wax and rinse, then boil it in clear water and cook it to wax. After rinsing, it will show clear blue and white patterns.

Batik dyestuff, since batik can dye the white cloth of blue bottom, why has no one ever seen the folk batik cloth of red bottom white, yellow bottom white and green bottom white flower?

This is because indigo dye belongs to oxidation-reduction reaction. It can only be carried out in ordinary cold water, while safflower and gardenia can only dye cotton cloth in hot water at higher temperature, otherwise it will fade easily.

At this high temperature, wax has been melted and it can not keep the shape of the dyed flowers. Therefore, it was difficult to make batik cloth with other colors in ancient times.

The batik of batik and batik is the character that people praise for it.

The formation of the ice pattern is the continuous roll over of the wax painting. The wax traces are broken, and the dye solution is invaded on the white cloth with cracks. It leaves behind the natural patterns that are hard to be painted by human beings, like ice flowers and tortoise stripes. It is wonderful to say that after the infection of the same pattern of wax painting cloth, the ice pattern is as different as human fingerprints, showing fresh and natural beauty.

The "ice crack" pattern of batik is similar to that of porcelain glaze.

The trend of crack size can be grasps by people, and it can display objects precisely, and its characteristics are distinct.

To dye multicolor level flowers, we can use the means of separating color and sealing wax and show more power.

Now batik is used to make craft clothing, wall hanging, table cloth and so on.

Miao nationality is good at batik.

1. Because the raw materials of batik are pure cotton cloth, we should pay attention to moisture-proof and anticorrosion in maintenance, so as to avoid moldy insects.

If it is used for collection rather than decoration, please remove it regularly.

Two, batik can be washed at any time, but do not use cleaning agent in the process of washing, so as to avoid fading. Nor can machine wash, because a lot of dyed paintings mainly use the edges to highlight the main effect, and machine washing will stir up the edges.

The batik products after washing can be ironed.

After three, batik products are bought back, they can be mounted as required.

At the same time, batik is made of 100% pure cotton cloth, so it is also an excellent choice for garments, quilts, sheets and so on.

As long as it is used properly, it will make your bedroom or office more interesting.

Four. Batik should be placed in a clean, clean and dust-free environment during collection and maintenance, and should be cleaned regularly.

The hometown of batik, batik, is Anshun, Guizhou, China.

Anshun is a famous tourist city in China. There are many famous scenic spots, such as Huangguoshu Waterall, Dragon Palace, Tunpu culture (Tianlong Town, Yunfeng eight Zhai, etc.), Tianxing bridge, Huajiang Grand Canyon and so on.

Anshun has the praise of "the throat of Yunnan, the belly of Guizhou, and the lips of Guangdong and Shu". Its geographical location is important and its pportation is convenient.

Anshun successfully held the first batik art festival in 1992, attracting many guests from home and abroad. Since then, batik art has moved to the whole country and to the world.

There are lots of batik mills and factories in Anshun, and a number of famous batik artists have emerged, such as Hong Fuyuan.

Batik in Anshun is continuing to innovate while inheriting tradition.

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