The Way Out For The Cotton Industry Lies In The Happy Cotton Planting Profit Bottleneck To Be Broken
Autumn is the season of cotton harvest. Today, it is rare to see the figure of a cotton picker wrapped in a kerchief. The embarrassing reality is that cotton pickers are already so expensive that people can hardly afford to hire them.
Data can explain the problem most intuitively. On October 19, at the national machine picking cotton field meeting held in Anyang, Henan Province, Wang Ge, director of the Economic Operation Department of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that the cotton planting area in China has shrunk from 88.89 million mu in 2007 to less than 70 million mu this year.
Sensitive cotton researchers have long smelled this information. Yu Shuxun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, called for the mechanization of cotton picking as the symbol of the whole process, which is the only direction of China's cotton production modernization. The way out for the cotton industry is to plant cotton happily.
Profit bottleneck to be broken
Cotton is an important economic crop in china. Zhang Yongshan, a researcher of the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the reporter of the China Science Daily that China is the largest cotton production and consumption country. China's cotton area accounts for 3% of the planting industry and the output value reaches 10%. In 2012, China's cotton spin Exports reached 262.5 billion US dollars.
Although it has been named as a cash crop, the economic benefits of cotton in recent years are worrying. According to the statistical data of the National Compilation of Cost Income Data of Agricultural Products, the average profit per mu of cotton in China in the past eight years is only 246 yuan. If the field planting in Xinjiang is excluded, the profit of cotton in the mainland is less than 200 yuan per mu.
The reason is mainly stuck in "flower picking". Li Fuguang, director of the Cotton Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out that cotton is a labor-intensive field crop. Compared with other crops, it has many planting management links and complex agronomy. Therefore, there is a large amount of labor, and the cost of flower picking alone accounts for 50% of the total cost.
At present, the labor cost of cotton production in China has reached 1000 yuan/mu. In the cotton areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, the cost of manual cotton picking is 400~500 yuan/mu. In the northwest inland cotton region mainly in Xinjiang, the cost has reached 660~1300 yuan/mu.
Zhang Yongshan told reporters that in California, the cost of cotton picking is about 80 yuan per mu, while in China it is up to more than 400 yuan. In China, it takes an average of 15 working days to produce 50kg lint, while the United States only needs 0.5.
Even so, when the cotton harvest time comes, it is difficult to hire suitable workers for the high price of cotton picking in Xinjiang.
"The contradiction between high cost and low benefit in the cotton industry is becoming more and more prominent, which will inevitably affect the safety of China's cotton industry in the long run." Li Fuguang said that under this situation, mechanized cotton planting has become the fundamental way out for China's cotton development.
Machine picking cotton is imperative
Among the three major crops of grain, cotton and oil in China, only cotton has not realized mechanized harvesting.
At present, 30% of the world's cotton has been mechanically harvested, and the mechanical recovery rate of the United States, Australia, South America and other places has reached 100%. Spain, Greece and other medium-sized agricultural countries also partially realized mechanical picking. Agricultural underdeveloped countries such as Argentina and Brazil also developed cotton picking technology rapidly.
At present, the mainstream products of cotton pickers in the domestic market are horizontal spindle pickers produced by Deere, Case and Guihang Group. In China, cotton harvesting machinery started late, and large-scale self-propelled cotton harvesters mainly rely on imports, which has become a bottleneck restricting the level of mechanization of the entire cotton production.
"Due to the high price of 12 million yuan for large-scale cotton harvesters, and the corresponding supporting machines and tools, maintenance and repair costs, it is difficult for a single user to bear. At present, it is limited to the promotion and application in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps." Li Xin, chairman of Gansu Huidaxin Science and Trade Group, told China Science Daily.
Li Yabing, a doctor from the Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, analyzed the reporter from the China Science Daily that at present, China's large-scale cotton production has basically taken shape, and the conditions for cotton picking machinery have also been met.
From the perspective of planting, the cotton planting in the northwest inland cotton region is connected, and the cotton planting in the Yellow River Delta is relatively concentrated, with a planting area of tens of mu or even hundreds of mu for a single grower, which creates the necessary conditions for cotton machine picking.
In addition, the production management technology of Xinjiang machine picked cotton has developed more maturely in recent years, and the Yellow River basin has also started. Mechanical harvesting can reduce the "three silk" pollution of foreign fibers to raw cotton during the process of cotton picking and transportation.
Today, Xinjiang, as the largest main cotton producing area in China, has introduced cotton pickers and independently developed cotton pickers for nearly 10 years. At present, the level of mechanical cotton harvesting in Bingtuan farms is basically close to that of advanced countries.
Whole process assistance of science and technology
Compared with mechanical harvesting of corn and wheat, cotton mechanization has quite strict technical requirements at all stages, which is one of the important reasons why it is difficult to quickly promote mechanized cotton harvesting.
"From varieties to cultivation, to later management, and even to boll setting and boll opening, flower control and defoliation time, all aspects should be strictly controlled, which requires systematic research," said Zhang Yongshan.
In this regard, under the support of the industry project of the Ministry of Agriculture and the cotton industry system, the Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has established the form of a demonstration base for mechanized cotton harvesting. Through screening new varieties, clarifying key cultivation technology measures, agricultural machinery and agronomy integration and other directions, it has preliminarily explored the whole process mechanization model of cotton production.
Li Yabing said that this time in the Anyang experimental field in Henan Province, the labor force per mu was less than 5, and the yield of seed cotton per mu reached the high yield level of 300 kg, which made it possible to promote the whole process mechanization of cotton.
On the spot of the observation meeting, the self-propelled finger pole cotton picker developed by the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization attracted the attention of large growers in major cotton regions across the country. It is understood that this self-propelled finger picker costs about 300000 yuan per set, only about one tenth of the imported models, which can meet the needs of different cotton planting modes.
"We will focus on the development of agricultural machinery supporting machinery for mechanized cotton picking in cotton regions of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, and continue to overcome technical problems such as variety selection, cultivation mode screening and standardization of cotton machinery picking, and light simplification of picking machinery, which will play a key role in stabilizing cotton production in the mainland," Li Fuguang said.
This is the "science and technology prescription" to save China's shrinking cotton area.
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