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Small And Micro Enterprises Have Not Fundamentally Improved Their Business Predicament.

2013/12/9 13:06:00 16

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Small And Micro Enterprises Development Difficulties

"this year's production and operation and living environment are better than last year." Wang Feng, director of Shaanxi Xi'an rhyme express Changan branch, made a judgement in an interview with reporters. The small and micro enterprises living condition research group visited 7 provinces and 17 cities, and interviewed 143 small and micro enterprises, and found that the same small and micro business owners were different from Wang Feng. Although this is different from last year's < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_c.asp" > small and micro enterprise < /a >, it generally reflects the bad operating condition, but the small and micro enterprises have not fundamentally improved their business predicament. 
 according to the "2013 China economic times small and micro enterprises survival survey group survey report" (hereinafter referred to as the "investigation report") shows that in addition to environmental protection, technology and other emerging industries, small and micro enterprises positive changes, this year, small and micro enterprises overall revenue growth is still difficult, more than half of enterprises expect this year's macroeconomic situation is not optimistic. 
 why is the overall survival of small and micro enterprises still more difficult? For small and micro enterprises, what is the biggest problem they face? In the survey, small and micro entrepreneurs choose to think: labor costs rise (29.1%, the proportion of the respondents, the same below), the market shrank (27.6%), and the financing difficulty (24.8%); in addition, the reflection on raw materials and other production costs rising and insufficient policy support is also more prominent, 21.9% and 17.7% of the respondents respectively listed it as the biggest problem. 
 the result is different from that of last year's investigation team. According to the "2012 China economic times small and micro enterprises survival survey report", the biggest problems faced by small and micro enterprises are: rising labor costs (69.6%), rising raw materials and other production costs (50%) and high tax burden (45.1%), financing difficulties (38.2%), and inadequate policy support (31.4%). 
 comparing the results of the two surveys, we can see that the "stumbling block" hindering the development of small and micro enterprises has changed from last year's "three high and dilemma" to "two high, two difficulties and one low" this year. That is, high labor costs, high production costs of raw materials, difficulties in financing, policy implementation and market shrinkage. 
 labor cost increase is difficult to stop 
 although only 29.1% of the respondents ranked the rise of labor force as the biggest problem this year, a big decline compared with last year's figure of 69.6%. But it is undeniable that the rising cost of employment in small and micro industrial enterprises is still the most important factor affecting the cost of enterprises. 
 "the biggest difficulty now is that the cost of labor is too high, and this year it has increased by 20% to 25%." Gong Juncheng, the financial manager of Anhui Hefei Union Business Development Co., Ltd., when interviewed by our newspaper in October 9th, said that he had some helplessness in employing expensive people. 
 this reporter also found in various interviews that unlike last year, a small number of small business owners gradually showed an understanding of the rise in labor costs. "Now prices are rising so much that workers are not easy to live." China's Economic Times reporter interviewed the owner of the Xi'an Museum of Shaanxi academy pedestrian street bronze house, Ms. Chang said. 
 small and micro enterprises mainly raise the cost of labor to the following aspects: rising prices, demanding high wages for the survival of workers, enterprises to bear social security payments and other kinds of employee benefits, resulting in more and more investment for each worker; frequent staff jumping needs a large number of enterprises to invest in cost maintenance, including the cost of recruiting and training employees; at the same time, a small number of small and micro enterprises will attribute the problem to the current talent supply and demand system. 
 "this is a problem for the whole society, not just for enterprises. On the one hand, the structure of talent is out of balance; on the other hand, young people have too much material demand, no dreams and ideals. " The general manager of Changchun Rong Hui Exhibition Service Co., Ltd., Yu Chu Yu, summed up the problem of employment difficulty in this sentence. 
 according to the survey results, the small and micro business owners expect that the government can establish corresponding credit system, restrain employees' job hopping behavior, and on the other hand hope that the government can provide more employment subsidies to lighten the burden of enterprises. At the same time, reporters found that unlike last year, this year's small and micro entrepreneurs in response to the problem of labor difficulties began to show enthusiasm, some business owners through employees to invest in emotion and capital to stabilize employees, and some business owners gradually reduce the cost of labor through mechanization. 
 the change of economic environment at home and abroad leads to a market downturn 
 this year's survey report shows that 27.6% of the surveyed enterprises choose the market to shrink as their biggest problem, ranking from sixth last year to second. This shows that since last year, market changes have had a certain impact on the survival and development of small and micro enterprises. 
 from the order situation, compared with the same period last year, more than 1/3 of the enterprises' orders were flat, 20% of the enterprises had an order decline, and only 7.1% of the enterprises' orders increased by more than 20% over last year. This figure was 13.4% last year, which means that the number of orders increased by more than 20% this year has shrunk by half. 
 in terms of industry, the balance of orders in pharmaceutical, chemical and electronic products industry is relatively balanced. < a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > textile > /a >, a target= "_blank" href= "http://www.91se91.com/" > clothing > _blank > industry orders steady decrease. The number of orders for agricultural products processing and service industry is increasing. Orders for machinery and building materials industry showed a decreasing trend. Hotel supplies related industries have not been booming since last year. In October 16th, Liang Guoxian, general manager of Guangdong Xinji Exhibition Service Co., Ltd., told reporters that after the introduction of the central regulations, the catering industry and the tourism industry were hit harder, and the hotel supplies industry was also affected. 
 in addition to the domestic economic downturn, macroeconomic regulation and control and some policy factors, the downturn in overseas market demand is also one of the difficult problems for foreign small and micro enterprises to survive. 
 "the biggest difficulty we are facing now is" a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_s.asp" > market < /a > atrophy. Orders in the first half of this year are significantly reduced compared with the same period in previous years. In October 22nd, Qin Junjun, general manager of Jiangsu Southern University Computer Co., Ltd., told an interview with our reporter that it was understood that the business scale of Qin Junjun's company last year was about three hundred million. This year, the impact of the deterioration of the international economic situation and the downturn of China's economy has slipped, which can only be completed by more than two billion. 
 in addition, it is worth noting that the electricity supplier has a great impact on traditional department stores. This has also brought about great changes to the market environment of traditional industries, such as clothing and light industry. 
 except for objective external environment factors, the subjective consciousness of small and micro entrepreneurs is not strong, or the accurate judgement of market development prospects will affect the survival and development of small and micro enterprises. 
 financing situation is still difficult and expensive 
 financing difficulty is ranked third in the "small and micro enterprises think the most difficult problem" option, a rise compared with last year. According to the sample survey of the research group, it is found that the production and operation funds of the small and micro enterprises are mainly raised by themselves, and 79.5% of the small and micro enterprises choose to raise funds themselves to solve the capital problems. The number of borrowers through banks is 35.9%. 
 through the investigation team visit, we know that 66% of the surveyed enterprises urgently need to solve the financing problem. But most of the small and micro enterprises involved in the survey come from self financing. The main reason is that under the current circumstances, small and micro enterprises financing difficulties and financing still exist. In China, besides small and micro enterprises in high-tech zones can get more financial innovation policy support, small and micro enterprises generally exist such problems as narrow financing channels, less financing and high financing. 
 "our biggest burden is that the interest on loans is too high." On the afternoon of October 24th, Dan Xiaohui, chairman of Inner Mongolia Mongolia pure Dairy Co., Ltd., said in an interview with our reporter. "For example, we borrow 30 million yuan elsewhere, the annual interest rate is 11%, that is 3 million 300 thousand yuan. Like Agricultural Bank of China, the annual interest rate is only around 7.7%, which can be less than about 1000000 yuan. "But the threshold of the four banks is too high for us to get in." 
 the survey report found that, on the one hand, influenced by the state's macroeconomic regulation and control policies, the bank's overall credit scale is limited, and the credit lines available for small and micro businesses are more intense. On the other hand, small and micro enterprise loans mainly satisfy the demand of floating capital. The demand for loans is urgent, the frequency is high, and the demand for funds is less. The complexity of financing makes the financing cost higher and the management cost higher. Coupled with the relatively large enterprises, the life cycle of small and micro enterprises is relatively short, the bankruptcy rate of small enterprises is higher, and the risk of banks is greater. 
 "although there are many banks and enterprises meeting each year, banks are also commercialized, and it is impossible to give profits to enterprises. It is useless for banks to act without more national policies. Only the loan discount and guarantee cost reimbursement issued by the state is only a drop in the bucket and can not solve the practical problems. Xie Shufen, deputy general manager of Anhui Hefei tyke Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., said in an interview with our reporter in October 9th. 
 "investigation report" shows that the small and micro enterprises seeking cooperation from banks have slightly improved compared with last year. In this interview, our reporter also found that some banks are actively seeking cooperation with small and micro enterprises, and their strength has increased over the past years. But in addition to the need for banks to make changes, the problems of small and micro enterprises are also worth reflecting. 
Zheng Jianshun, chairman of Shaanxi provincial small and micro enterprise chamber of Commerce and chairman of Shaanxi poly Long Sheng women and child products Co., Ltd., analyzed the reasons for financing difficulties from the perspective of enterprises: first, small and micro enterprises lack the concept of modern management and management, and the risk of operation is high. P Two, the scale and credit level of small and micro enterprises are low, which restricts their financing ability. Three, the lack of collateral for collateral property, financing costs are high. 
 raw materials, logistics, taxes and fees, pressure is a lot. /p >
 "the price of raw materials has increased by more than 1 times this year." In October 16th, Ms. Chang, the boss of the bronze house of the pedestrian street in Xi'an, Shaanxi, told the Chinese Economic Times reporter, "the products are sold at a loss at the present time, just to sell the backlog of goods, or else to occupy the warehouse and pay the rent." 
 for Guo Weihua, general manager of Jilin Middle East credit Company Limited by Guarantee, the main difficulty is that the cost of logistics is rising too fast. "Can the highway toll be too high?" he asked. 
 in addition to labor costs, 21.9% of the respondents responded sharply to raw materials and logistics costs. They thought that the profit margins of small and micro enterprises that were originally in the low end of the industrial chain were squeezed out, leading to difficulties for enterprises to survive. 
 but it is noteworthy that the number of business owners who raised raw materials and other costs as the biggest problem this year reduced by nearly 30%. This reporter found in the interview that with the decline of energy prices such as coal, the cost of raw materials of some enterprises has declined, which is also the main reason for this year's business owners' dissatisfaction with the rising cost of raw materials. 
In addition, in recent years, policies for small and micro enterprises < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_cj.asp" > tax reduction < /a > emerge in an endless stream. From August 1st this year, the central government will temporarily exempt value-added tax and business tax for the small and micro enterprises whose monthly sales amount does not exceed 20 thousand yuan, and temporarily limit the period of exemption and exemption. Although according to official data, more than 6 million small and micro enterprises benefit, but during the interview, the reporters found that the small and micro entrepreneurs did not "catch a cold" on the tax reduction policy. 
 "taxes and fees are still very large." Zhou Jinhua, general manager of honger water treatment equipment Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, said, "we can't enjoy many tax cuts." 
 "this year, the state has tax relief for small and micro businesses with a monthly turnover of less than twenty thousand. This amount can be ten years ago, but now it is too small. It is recommended to increase the quota, such as one million or two million. " Jilin province Changchun Rong Hui Exhibition Service Co., Ltd. General Manager Yu Chu Yu said. "If we get rid of the tax, we can make profits every year. 
 policy change is too fast and implementation is still difficult. /p >
 the response of entrepreneurs to dissatisfaction with policy support is not much different from that of last year, but still ranked fifth, but the proportion dropped from 31.4% to 17.7%. Reporters in the visit also found that small and micro enterprises on policy support awareness is more optimistic than last year. 
 "I feel that the government has paid more attention to enterprises in recent years and has done something. In the past, we felt that there was little relationship between the business and the government, but now the government helps us everywhere. We often get the innovation fund in the provinces, municipalities and districts, although not much money, but affirmed the practice of enterprises. Anhui province Ma'anshan Tianyi machinery limited liability company chairman Ye Lin said. 
 but most enterprises still say that policy changes too fast. "Policy has become too fast, like a gust of wind." Ms. Chang, the owner of the bronze Hall of the pedestrian street in Xi'an, Shaanxi, said nothing about the views of the country's policies. Qin Junjun, general manager of Jiangsu South University Computer Equipment Co., Ltd., also believes that the policy is not stable enough. 
 "the most important thing is to implement the problem." As in last year, the implementation of the policy is still a pain in the minds of small and micro entrepreneurs. As Wang Jingwei, general manager of Weiwei native products company in Jilin Province, said, the current situation of small and micro enterprises is policy, but it can not be implemented by enterprises. 
 in addition, our reporter has visited in various provinces and found that policy implementation is generally focused on technological or innovative enterprises. Summing up the reasons for the difficulty in implementing policies, on the one hand, some policy standards are unreasonable. In the view of many small and micro enterprises, the limited conditions provided by the government support the small and micro businesses that really need them. Yuan Bin, executive director of Anhui's new ark advertising media, is deeply impressed by this. "Because many policy target groups targeting small and micro enterprises are small enterprises or technological enterprises, we are in a very awkward position. Policies for small and micro enterprises can not be enjoyed, and policies for large enterprises can not rely on them. So we are used to solving problems ourselves. Yuan Bin said. 
 on the other hand, many small and micro entrepreneurs reflect that the weak sense of government service leads to insufficient interaction between the government and small and micro enterprises. It is also one of the reasons that affect the effectiveness of < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_q.asp" > policy < /a >. "It's not that we don't understand. Every time we deal with government departments, we are all like grandchildren. Who wants to go?" Zheng Jianshun, chairman of Shaanxi small and micro enterprise chamber of Commerce and chairman of Shaanxi poly Long Sheng women and child products Co., Ltd.