The Eight Departments Jointly Issued The "Opinions On Further Promoting The Healthy Development Of The Cocoon And Silk Industry".

In recent years, China's cocoon and silk industry has been continuously blocked by the export market. Cocoon silk price A series of unfavorable factors such as continuous rising, tight financing chain of cocoon silk enterprises and so on. Cocoon and silk industry is an industry with a long history and representing the quintessence of national culture. It occupies a pivotal position in the national economy.

In order to ensure the sustainable, stable and healthy development of China's cocoon and silk industry, recently, the eight departments of the Ministry of Commerce, the development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of science and technology, the Ministry of industry and information technology, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of agriculture, the people's Bank of China and the General Administration of Taxation jointly issued the "opinions on further promoting the healthy development of the cocoon silk industry" to support the transformation and upgrading of the cocoon and silk industry, and to accelerate the transformation from a large silk country to a strong silk power.

Sericulture thriving is the foundation of industry revitalization.

The eight sector first pointed out clearly in the opinion: "give full play to the role of financial funds in guiding and driving, and gradually expand the central financial budget to support the development of the cocoon and silk industry, and strive to support mulberry and silkworm transformation, pest control." Combined with related channels, we should strengthen the construction of silkworm breeding base and production base.

As we all know, as the starting point of the long chain of cocoon and silk industry, the rise and fall of our silkworm cause has played a decisive role in the healthy development of the whole industry. Practically speaking, the fundamental reason for the long run of cocoon silk prices in China is that the number of farmers who planted mulberry and silkworm has decreased. Of course, the reason for this phenomenon is very complicated, and it is by no means simply a simple reason to see more migrant workers and less rural labor force.

In the northeastern part of Sichuan, there is a legend that is the place where the gods live, known as "Heaven Yao pool and underground garden". Not only is there abundant tourism resources, but also its cocoon silk culture and industry have been very developed. Wencheng town is located in the northern part of the city. Planting silkworms and raising silkworms has been one of the main sideline sources of income for the people here.

The first time I arrived in Wencheng was around 2002. At that time, because the unit colleague married in the rural old home to put wine has lived in the local residence for two days. In his memory, his family lived in the middle of the mountain. Under the restriction of geographical conditions, the good farmland was on the bottom of the hill. The houses are densely planted with emerald green mulberry trees, sometimes mixed with several citrus trees and pear trees. In the chat, I learned that it was these luxuriant mulberry trees that raised my silkworms, that my colleague had the money to study and read, and finally grew up to be a useful person to the people. In fact, in the rural areas of the old liberated areas, it is impossible to calculate how many poor students are relying on the material conditions of families to grow mulberry and silkworm for learning, thereby changing their own destiny.

In the spring of 2013, when he came back to Wencheng town for his work reasons, he came to the courtyard on the hillside. Suddenly he was surprised. It is understood that due to the high and low price of cocoon purchasing in the past few years, it is very unstable, resulting in a wave of people's spontaneous cutting and mulberry destruction, and that is, the sightseeing agriculture development model led by the government in the past few years, which once caused a large area of cutting down mulberry trees and changing fruit trees. Facts have proved that in the past few years, the large-scale logging of mulberry trees has greatly affected the development of the silkworm industry.

At present, there is a real problem of shortage of young and middle-aged labor force in western rural areas. But for a small number of labor left behind at home and women and the elderly, there is still a strong desire for planting mulberry and raising silkworms. After talking to a local 60 year old old man, he told me that although sericulture is hard, especially when silkworms reach four years old and five years old, there is a great demand for mulberry leaves. A season of silkworm breeding is thirty or forty days, and then the sale of cocoons is real gold and silver. This money is very important for rural families in the past years. Large areas can buy fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, and small areas can meet daily expenses such as rice, oil, salt and so on. Now, of course, there are basically all kinds of people working outside or working or doing business, and the pressure on the economy is relatively reduced.

However, according to the author's investigation and survey, if we calculate the cocoon purchase price this year, the income of a young and middle-aged labor force in a family's Silkworm season is higher than that of the urban workers. However, it is a pity that even if someone else is willing to go home and engage in sericulture, they will still face the predicament that people are still missing.

In fact, as early as in the spring of 2013, I was in the first square of Millennium Silk City in Nanchong, Sichuan Province, and I met a couple of more than 60 years old farmers who were specialized in silkworm breeding. When the old woman told me that they were two of the old, the spring silkworm fed four sheets of silkworm eggs, the writer could not help but be surprised, because it was impossible for them to feed so much from the analysis of the labour force of the two older people. Therefore, I suspect this is another "farce" directed farce.

However, when the old man would tell the original story, the doubts in my mind suddenly disappeared and I was very impressed. It turned out that the two old people were still responsible for feeding the silkworms when they were still small and the demand for mulberry leaves was small. When the silkworms grew up and the demand for mulberry leaves was large, the sons and daughters in law and their daughters in law in the urban area were recalled, and the family worked together to breed. That is to say, the young and middle-aged labor force of their families is going to work in cities when they are idle. In this way, there is no delay, which production method is the most productive way of production. The wisdom of the people is endless. This family has provided us with a brand new train of thought for solving the problem of sericulture and breeding.

Fortunately, the relevant government departments have taken note of this serious problem. At present, all the counties and county-level cities in Northeast Sichuan still have such units as sericulture Bureau, whose main task is to catch sericulture work. Taking Langzhong as an example, the sericultural Bureau of the city seized the good situation of rising cocoon prices this year in early September, and adopted a series of measures, such as early propaganda, early planning, early preparation of materials, and early planting. Although there are still some unsatisfactory aspects in practical work,

But this actually sends out a signal indicating the government's full support for the development of sericulture.

There is no doubt that with the government's policy support, technical support and various soft environment help in sericulture breeding, coupled with the unremitting efforts of the vast number of sericulture farmers, we believe that our sericulture will surely take a new step.

　　 Enterprise profitability is the foundation of the development of the industry.

The general requirements put forward by the eight sector in the opinion pointed out that we should carry forward the silk culture, cultivate national brands, expand consumer demand and enhance the added value of products. In the main tasks, we also made clear that we should develop new silk materials, new silk products, research and develop new technologies for energy saving and emission reduction, improve the comprehensive utilization level of silkworm cocoon silk resources, and enhance the industry's ability to resist risks.

As we all know, in recent years, China's cocoon and silk industry is not very prosperous, and the operation pressure is great. The main reasons are the shortage of raw materials, the increase in labor costs, the global economic downturn, the shrinking of foreign trade and the decline in consumption.

In 2013, the purchase price of summer cocoons in our country could be seen as a great surprise, with a record price of around 44 yuan per kilogram. Although the price of super high cocoons has raised the enthusiasm of the farmers and strengthened their enthusiasm for planting mulberry and silkworm in the future, it is a great taste for the vast majority of silk enterprises. The phenomenon of the inverted price of cocoon silk has been a major problem in China's silk industry in recent years.

It is understood that in 2013, the supply and demand market of cocoon and silk in China was basically stable, and the price of raw silk was relatively stable. However, due to the soaring price of cocoons, the vast majority of silk processing enterprises have suffered heavy losses, and there has been more and more strange phenomena of production and processing and loss. There are many reasons for the increase in cocoon prices this year, but the problem that deserves our attention is a briefing from local authorities. According to the report of Jiaxing cocoon station, "Cocoons dealers are frequently mobilized in the late autumn cocoon purchase this year, and the average purchase price is 30 yuan higher than the normal cocoon purchase price (50 kilograms) per station."

At present, the acquisition of fresh cocoons in China requires the relevant departments to handle the "fresh cocoon purchase qualification certificate", but in the actual operation of cocoon purchase, according to the author's knowledge, there is a growing phenomenon of unlicensed rush buying in some parts of Southwest China. The surge of fresh cocoons formed by a large number of cocoons sold on the one hand led to the rising price of fresh cocoons, and on the other hand, the quality of cocoons was greatly reduced. To solve this problem, it is necessary for relevant departments to increase supervision over the cocoon sales market.

How to ensure the profitability of the silk processing enterprises is a very important issue in the healthy development of China's cocoon and silk industry. Simply speaking, silk enterprises are constantly innovating technology, upgrading equipment and promoting industrial upgrading, thus producing high value-added silk products. However, strong support from the government is also an essential condition.

It is understood that the relevant departments in China will give every province a special fund to support cocoon silk development every year. The purpose is to speed up the transformation and structural adjustment of the cocoon and silk industry, and effectively enhance the quality and level of cocoon silk development in China. However, there is a phenomenon worthy of our attention in the units and projects to declare the special funds for cocoon silk development. The author, referring to the list of support projects for cocoon and silk development in a western province in 2013, found that only 7 projects in the province in the past year were "technical transformation of two stages of weaving silk production line" and "high efficiency and energy saving cocoon equipment development and application" two items related to silk processing enterprises. The remaining items mainly included cocoon silk sideline production by using silkworm chrysalis to produce Cordyceps, mulberry branches to produce mushrooms, and mulberry branches to make harmless use of heat.

The author believes that the urgent need to revitalize the cocoon and silk industry in China is to solve the problem of the upgrading and upgrading of silk processing enterprises and the survival and profitability of the enterprises. Because silk processing enterprises can be said to be the engine and the driving force of the whole industry, they involve a series of important factors such as the convergence of the upstream and downstream industries, the retention of professionals, the sustainable development of the industry, and so on. Therefore, the healthy development of the silk processing enterprises can maintain the healthy development of the whole industry. Therefore, in terms of policy funding support, they should be tilted to a certain extent. For the production of sideline and sideline production in cocoon and silk industry, whether we can consider slow plans and use limited funds to the most needed place can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

Southwest China is one of the important production bases of China's cocoon and silk industry. In the planned economy era, all kinds of cocoon and silk enterprises spread all over the world, and cocoon and silk products were once famous throughout the country. Madam Dang was an excellent quality inspector at the national silk weaving mill. After being laid off, she was hired by a private silk enterprise. Since the second half of 2012, her working hours seem to be a lot of leisure time. Although the monthly salary remains the same, she only needs to go to the enterprise on Monday and Friday every week. The reason is that the production volume of this silk enterprise has been sharply reduced, sometimes even for only half a month. In order to retain excellent professional and technical personnel, enterprises will still have to pay full-time wages in the case of reduced workload.

In fact, many people in the industry think that quality inspectors are not professional and technical personnel in the silk industry. But this idea is wrong. For the quality inspectors of silk enterprises, their work is nothing more than mechanical and repetitive silk spinning. However, it is necessary to detect a slight breakage and shrew in a piece of silk and find out whether the silk is qualified or defective. It is by no means a skill that can be acquired in a year or so. Many of our silk companies have eaten because they do not have good quality inspectors to check the defects of their products, and they are greatly compensated by customers' returns and claims.

The foresight of the silk business leaders will stay at the expense of professional and technical personnel at any cost. In fact, talent is also a difficult problem that troubled the healthy development of enterprises in the silk company. When the market industry is good and enterprises are fully productive, they often worry about finding no skilled truck drivers. At the same time, some of our silk vocational and technical schools have great problems in training talents. Not long ago, I was invited to attend the opening ceremony of a 100 year old silk technology school. The author found that the school's professional settings are almost always. clothing Designers, models and other fashionable specialties are similar to those skilled workers in silk enterprises, such as truck drivers and mechanic workers. A teacher told me that these professions will not have students even if they are opened. This is a very worrying phenomenon. How to attract more young people into the cocoon and silk industry is a problem that we need to think about. {page_break}

In addition, some local governments blindly carry out the construction of industrial parks and development zones, to a certain extent, involving the energy of cocoon silk enterprises and increasing the burden of cocoon silk enterprises. For example, there are 12 industrial parks in a prefecture level city, 10 of which are related to the cocoon and silk industry. Local cocoon and silk enterprises are required to move to the industrial park for production. When one of the industrial parks was built, it was known as the planned investment of 20 billion yuan. After many years, it was only a dream to wake up. The actual introduction of funds was less than 1 hundred million. As the saying goes, "how many meters are there in a big pot"? We should start from the actual situation in order to run enterprises and industries. The idea of local economic development is understandable, but as an industry, there will be no development without thinking or blowing.

There is no doubt that reducing the burden of cocoon silk enterprises, implementing the preferential policies for cocoon silk enterprises, and tilting the cocoon and silk enterprises in terms of capital, technological transformation and talents are the key to ensure that the cocoon and silk enterprises can make profits, tide over difficulties and revitalize them.

Market prosperity is the key to soaring industries.

The eight sector also put forward two important tasks in the "opinion": "coordinating domestic and foreign markets" and "strengthening silk brand construction". It is required to "expand the domestic and foreign silk consumption market by optimizing and innovating business marketing mode, developing e-commerce, building professional marketing network and modern logistics system".

From the point of view of ordinary people, the most obvious way to measure the healthy development of an industry is through market sales. Silk products in the cocoon and silk industry have always been a symbol of luxury and luxury in the eyes of our consumers. However, with the development of China's economy, the increase of people's income and the need to improve the quality of life, cocoon silk products naturally fly into the homes of ordinary people.

Judging from the international market, the export of cocoon and silk products to Europe and America has shrunk to the lowest level in 2012 due to the persistent economic crisis in Europe and America. At present, under the condition that exports are blocked, it is undoubtedly an inevitable choice for China's cocoon and silk industry to actively develop and cultivate the domestic demand market.

In China's cocoon and silk industry, silk products have been popular in recent years. In the ancient city of Langzhong, Sichuan, there are many shops selling silk products. The most attractive and attractive sight here is the scene of women workers processing silk quilts in the shop. As we all know, silk, which is used as an endoplasmic substance, is endowed with unique qualities and advantages such as close fitting, warm, fluffy, breathable and health care. The most worrying thing for consumers is to pay attention to buying fake and shoddy silk quilts.

Langzhong's cocoon and silk merchants are aiming at the psychology of consumers, so the whole process of silk quilt is presented to everyone. I saw a snowy white cocoon, which was stretched by a series of processes under the skillful hand of the weaver girl, and was overlapped one by one, eventually becoming a light and beautiful silk quilt. "Seeing is believing", and tourists from all walks of life have witnessed the production process from cocoon to silk quilt, and determined that this is a genuine product, so they scrambled to buy it after shouting magic.

Of course, the price of silk sold by shops selling cocoon and silk culture is more expensive than general shopping malls. However, quality assurance has always been booming. This phenomenon, on the other hand, shows that there is indeed a rampant phenomenon of silk and cocoon silk products in the market, which leads consumers to be cautious about buying cocoon silk products.

In my daily work and life, I often talk with some foreign friends that the sale of cocoon silk products is not a good problem. It is generally reflected that the comfort and smoothness of cocoon and silk products are all others. Spin Products can not match, but we rarely buy cocoon silk products, mainly because ordinary consumers lack professional knowledge, can not be judged by conventional eye, hand touch and other methods of internal quality. Moreover, the price of cocoon silk textile and garment products is more expensive. Once the fake and shoddy products are bought, the losses to consumers themselves are considerable.

To sum up, the quality of cocoon silk products has affected its market share and consumer buying habits in a sense.

It is undeniable that in China's cocoon and silk products market, the phenomenon of fake silk content and even other cheap fibers impersonating silk has occurred frequently. Part of this is partly due to the bad intentions of the bad businesses, and the profiteering of profits, but partly because of the existence of fluke psychology in the formal production enterprises, and the use of the edge ball to flicker consumers. For example, the content of silk in virtual product fabrics is a typical example. However, from a practical experience, this approach is not desirable, not only seriously combating consumer confidence in buying, but also affects the reputation of their brands among consumers. Although it can gain a little economic benefit in a short time, it will not benefit the enterprise or the whole industry in the long run. Therefore, ensuring the quality of cocoon silk products in all aspects of the cocoon and silk industry is also an important guarantee for the healthy development of the cocoon and silk industry.

In China Cocoon silk When the industry is at a low level, the eight sector jointly issued the "opinions on further promoting the healthy development of the cocoon and silk industry", which can be said to be very timely and also urgently needed by the cocoon and silk industry. From the general requirements, key tasks, policy measures and other aspects, the opinions pointed out the direction and way of development for China's cocoon and silk industry, especially the specific measures such as increasing financial support, improving investment and financing mechanism, accelerating technological innovation and personnel training, improving industry management level, and strengthening organizational leadership.