Improving Cotton Quality In Shanxi And Actively Adapting To Market Economy

Since P < < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_q.asp > > cotton quality inspection system reform < /a >, the cotton parties involved in Shanxi province have conscientiously implemented a series of policies and policies of the country. The professional inspection institutions have conscientiously performed their duties and strengthened the supervision and management of the cotton purchasing and purchasing enterprises in the whole Province. The cotton quality awareness of cotton picking, purchasing, processing and using has been significantly enhanced, and the cotton quality in the whole province has changed significantly, and the quality has been further improved.

However, it should be noted that the quality of cotton in Shanxi is still not compatible with the development of market economy, and there are some urgent problems to be solved.

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< p > < strong > cotton quality in Shanxi < /strong > < /p >

< p > Shanxi is located in the cotton growing area of the Yellow River River Basin. It has sufficient sunshine, good heat condition and moderate soil fertility, which is conducive to the growth and development of cotton. In recent years, cotton certified public inspection data show that there are few high-grade cotton and 3 grade cotton, and most of the cotton grades are in grades 4 and 5.

After the implementation of GB 1103.1 - 2012, the color level of cotton was concentrated in the white cotton 4 and white cotton 5 grades, and the cotton rank 2 and 3, and the white cotton 3 grade.

The length of cotton is mainly 27 millimeters, and the length is 26 millimeters and 28 millimeters.

The length uniformity of cotton is poor, the fracture strength is moderate, the micron value is B2 and C2 is the majority, and there are some A and C1.

In the 4 consecutive years of storage and storage of national cotton reserves, because the grade is less than grade C1, the length is shorter than 27 millimeters, and the cotton which does not meet the storage requirements of the micron value of the C1 file accounts for about 20% of the inspection volume. From the current point of view, it is urgent to find out the root cause of the problem and take measures to improve the quality of cotton.

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< p > < strong > the influence of < a href= "http://sx.sjfzxm.com > > Shanxi > /a > cotton quality factor < /strong > /p >

< p > 1. cotton varieties are chaotic and lack of main cultivars, resulting in low genetic quality of cotton and poor consistency of cotton.

The cotton planting mode in our province is still a family planting mode. The planting scale is small, ranging from several acres to dozens of mu. Cotton growers are accustomed to deciding what kind of variety to plant. According to experience, the cotton field is managed, and the understanding of planting technology is not very well.

Moreover, the number of cotton seeds in the seed market is large and the quality varies, resulting in different cotton seed quality. Even the same species have great differences. The quality cotton seeds can not be effectively promoted, and the cotton quality uniformity is poor.

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< p > 2., the main body of cotton purchase is more than that of "a href=" http://www.91se91.com/news/index_cj.asp "four".

After the full liberalization of the cotton purchase market, the main body of the market acquisition is more, and the quality of cotton purchase can not be guaranteed.

On the one hand, cotton traders are flexible in their business operations, go from villages to households, or directly buy cotton from the ground, directly talking about catties, and high grade seed cotton and low-grade seed cotton are mixed together, and the problem of foreign fiber is prominent.

On the other hand, the excellent cotton price can not be well reflected. Cotton farmers pick up cotton when "four points" work is not in place or simply do not do, our province generally from late August to September, more rain, and this is the peak season for cotton picking, because the rural young people migrant workers increase, surplus labor force is insufficient, cotton is not picked in time, plus cotton piling site is limited, a large number of raw flowers, stiff cotton, wet flowers mixed into seed cotton, resulting in the production of seed cotton mixed mixed grade situation, the quality of cotton is difficult to guarantee.

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< p > 3. cotton processing capacity is excessive, cotton processing enterprises quality management level is not high.

There are 31 new cotton processing enterprises in the province, and the capacity of cotton processing and design has reached 150 thousand tons.

In the past few years, the annual output of cotton has been around 70 thousand tons. In the last one or two years, because of the increased cost of cotton planting, the comparative efficiency of cotton planting has been reduced, and the output has continued to decline.

In 2011 cotton output was 56 thousand tons, and it dropped to 42 thousand tons in 2012.

Cotton processing capacity has been far greater than cotton production capacity, coupled with the existence of some 200 tons of enterprises, the formation of the competition for cotton resources is particularly fierce, mixed mixed class phenomenon is serious, greatly affecting the quality of cotton.

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< p > cotton processing, because the quality management level of cotton processing enterprises is not high, most enterprises are family businesses, and one person is a number of jobs. Even if there are technical personnel, the mobility is relatively large, the inspection technicians are few, the personnel who know the processing technology are deficient, the imported processing equipment is not matched, the one-sided pursuit of processing speed, the technology is not reasonable, the specifications of car distribution and the speed regulation are not proper, and the harmful defects such as lint neps and fiber seed chips produced by processing are more, the processing quality is poor, and the grade of cotton is reduced.

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< p > 4. the problem of foreign fiber is outstanding, and the picking, purchasing and processing links have not been effectively controlled.

Heterosexual fiber refers to the non cotton and non natural cotton fibers which are seriously affected by cotton mixed with cotton products and their products, such as chemical fibers, hair, silk, hemp, plastic film, plastic rope, dyeing line (rope, Butch), etc.

Foreign fibers mixed into the seed cotton, after subsequent multi-channel processing, it is easy to be broken, and it is difficult to remove, resulting in broken ends, uneven thickness, uneven coloring, affecting the appearance quality of textiles.

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< p > the actual situation is that the diversification of cotton purchasing subjects leads cotton farmers to pick and prevent the initiative of foreign fibers, and when picking up, they do not wear white cotton caps. When using chemical fiber to knit bagged seeds and cotton seeds, there are no protective measures on site. The hair, plastic bags and plastic sheets of livestock and poultry are easily mixed into seed cotton, which is the root cause of foreign fibers.

In the process of processing, due to the differential demand of raw materials for textile enterprises, the requirements for foreign fibers are different. There is no resistance to the sale of cotton with foreign fibers on the market, and the price is not reflected. Therefore, many cotton processing enterprises are not very motivated in picking foreign fibers, and are not able to pick and choose measures to cope with them.

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< p > < strong > measures and suggestions for improving cotton quality in Shanxi < /strong > < /p >

< p > 1. consolidating the basis of cotton production and realizing the large-scale planting and intensive production of cotton.

It is the direction of cotton production development that we should do a good job in building the service system of cotton production and scale planting.

It is necessary to accelerate the pformation of the existing cotton production mode and pform the small-scale and decentralized cultivation of one household into intensive production mode.

Improve the level of mechanized cultivation, develop mechanical harvesting cotton and reduce production costs.

It provides technical services for cotton farmers such as seed screening, planting methods, watering and fertilization, pest control and pesticide spraying.

Efforts should be made to strengthen the breeding of fine varieties, improve the genetic quality of cotton, and strive to achieve one or two varieties in each county in a relatively short period of time, so as to fundamentally solve the problem of "multiple, chaotic and miscellaneous" cotton varieties, optimize the cotton variety structure and improve the consistency of raw cotton quality.

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< p > 2., strengthen seed cotton acquisition management and do a good job of "four points" of cotton.

First, we should increase the inspection of cotton during the acquisition period, further rectify the order of cotton purchase market, and severely punish the purchasing behavior of irrespective of grade, moisture regain rate and shoddy purchase. The work must be solid and effective in order to prevent going through the motions.

Two, we should strengthen publicity and education on quality awareness of cotton growers and do a good job of "four points" of seed cotton.

The importance of "four points" work should be widely publicized by TV news and Internet media, and the quality of prices should be determined according to the quality, and the superior cotton prices should be optimized so that cotton growers can feel the benefits of "four points". We should do this work conscientiously and ensure that cotton has a good quality foundation at the source.

Three, we must adhere to the "one trial and five measures" and ensure the quality of the acquisition.

Strict implementation of the national standards, in accordance with the "one test, five sets" for the acquisition, "one trial, five sets" is a national standard must be implemented, according to the provisions of the inspection, can make the test results more accurate and more objective.

High quality cotton can be produced by eliminating the mixing of heterosexual fibers and the occurrence of super water cotton.

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< p > 3. cotton processing enterprises should strengthen the sense of quality responsibility and strive to improve cotton processing level.

First, we must strictly follow the requirements of seed cotton processing technology, control the moisture regain rate in the process of seed cotton pretreatment, make it meet the requirements of processing, prevent and reduce impurities in the flower cleaning process and remove impurities to the maximum extent.

Two, we must strictly implement the national standards and relevant technical specifications, strengthen the cleaning of foreign fibers, reduce the harm of foreign fibers to a minimum, and reduce the harm of foreign fibers to the textile industry.

The three is to establish and improve the quality assurance system of enterprises, strengthen the internal management of enterprises, and establish a series of quality assurance systems, such as "one test, five fixed" inspection system, seed cotton grading storage system, foreign fiber picking system, and processing workshop technical requirements system, etc., and strengthen the disposition of key positions such as processing technology, quality inspection, information system and other professionals, and actively train professional and technical personnel, and constantly improve their professional skills.

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< p > 4. control the number of cotton processing enterprises and create a good competitive environment for enterprises.

According to the cotton planting area, total output, processing capacity and the continuous three years' cotton notarization inspection in our province, it is suggested that the provincial development and Reform Commission adjust the planning and rational layout of cotton processing enterprises, implement policy support for enterprises with strong and standardized operation, and stop their qualifications for enterprises with low annual production capacity and poor management.

It is necessary to facilitate cotton farmers to sell cotton, and to avoid excessive concentration of cotton processing enterprises, resulting in idle equipment, wasting funds and competing for resources, creating a good competitive environment and improving the market competitiveness of cotton in our province.

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< p > 5. strengthening quality supervision and promoting the development of cotton industry.

Professional fiber inspection institutions should take care of their services at the same time. They should conscientiously carry out supervision and conscientiously fulfill the responsibilities entrusted by < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_q.asp" > "cotton quality supervision and management regulations" < /a >, and severely crack down on the quality violations of cotton purchasing and processing.

During the cotton purchase and processing season, we should inspect the acquisition sites, equipment, personnel, and standard equipment, and severely punish the enterprises who do not conscientiously carry out "one test, five sets", buy super water cotton and buy mixed. We should urge enterprises to actively rectify and enhance the quality and safety awareness of enterprises.

To have the awareness of serving enterprises, strengthen communication with enterprises, and use their own technological advantages to train professional and technical personnel for enterprises, we can really solve the problems encountered by enterprises, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving the quality of cotton in our province.

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