China Is Facing Severe Situation Of Trade Restrictions.

For China, customs statistics show that China's total import and export value reached US $4 trillion and 160 billion in 2013 and ranked first in the world's largest trade in goods for the first time in P.

According to statistics, in 2013, China's export products suffered 92 kinds of trade relief surveys, and the United States launched 19 "337 surveys" involving Chinese products. Some countries have gradually increased import tariffs or implemented import quotas, and Chinese products have become the biggest victims of these restrictive measures.

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< p > < strong > increasing the restraint tariff practice spread < /strong > < /p >

< p > as a traditional trade restrictive means, import tariff measures are still playing an important role.

Some countries, especially developing countries, have increased tariffs on imported goods within the permitted scope of the WTO rules.

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Since 2010, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, India, South Africa, Columbia and many other developing countries have taken measures to improve import tariffs, resulting in serious loss of Chinese exports.

In January 2013, Columbia decided to reduce the ad valorem duty of textiles, clothing and footwear products from 15% to 10%, and impose an additional tax of 5 US dollars per kilogram or double on the related products, raising the actual duty rate by 30%.

One of the characteristics of these tax raising measures is the large tax raising rate, which is higher than the export profits of Chinese enterprises, so that Chinese products lose their competitive edge.

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< p > < strong > the number of trade remedy measures is high. < /strong > < /p >

< p > 2013, China's export products suffered 71 anti-dumping cases, an increase of 14 compared with the same period last year, 14 cases of countervailing cases, an increase of 5 from the same period last year, and 7 safeguard measures, a decrease of 2 from the same period last year.

The non market economy status and the practice of substituting countries in Europe and the United States make China respondent enterprises at a disadvantage and increase the burden of litigation.

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< p > October 30, 2013, China put forward the implementation of the expert group procedure for the formal launching of the WTO dispute case in consultation with the EU under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism on the implementation measures of the EU's final anti-dumping measures against some fastener products in China.

In December 3, 2013, China made a mistake in the 13 anti-dumping measures taken by the United States on China's oil well pipes and other products, and proposed to consult with the United States under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and formally launch the WTO dispute settlement process.

Shen Danyang, a spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that in the United States' anti-dumping investigations and reexamination, there were a series of inconsistent practices with the WTO rules, such as improper application of the target dumping method, refusal of giving enterprises separate tax rates, improper application of unfavorable facts, and so on.

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< p > < strong > customs clearance measures and domestic < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_cj.asp" > taxes and fees < /a > opaque < /strong > /p >

< p > 2013, the restrictive measures in some countries were increased, customs enforcement was arbitrary, customs clearance measures were not standardized, lack of pparency, or unreasonable domestic taxes and charges on imported goods were impeding the normal circulation of trade.

If the Ministry of finance of the Brazil issued the regulation in May 2013, the importers could prove that the import goods could not be imported by the customs, but not the original bill of lading.

As in October 2012, Brazil frequently promulgated the policy of adjusting the auto industry product tax (IPI), and exempted 30% of the industrial products tax to meet the requirements of localization rate and so on, resulting in discriminatory treatment of domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers and a significant impact on Trade and investment.

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In the second half of 2012, Russia began to levy a fee on the vehicle's recovery for the motor power or tonnage of the imported cars, while the car produced in Russia did not have to pay the P.

In October 2013, after the relevant members asked WTO to set up an expert group to hear the Russian car back charging policy, the Russian legislature took action to amend the relevant policies and abolished discriminatory provisions.

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< p > < strong > TBT and SPS measures are still outstanding. < /strong > /p >

< p > 2013, China received 1223 notifications from the EU's non food quick warning system, an increase of 9.4% over the previous year, accounting for 61.4% of the total number of notifications in the same period.

In 2013, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission recalled 178 Chinese products, accounting for 62.7% of the total global recall of the United States, an increase of 2.3% over the same period last year.

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< p > according to the data released by the AQSIQ in July 2013, through the survey results of 3152 export enterprises randomly selected from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, 23.9% of the export enterprises were affected by technical barriers to trade, and foreign technical trade measures resulted in a direct loss of 68 billion 500 million US dollars in 2012 and an additional cost of 28 billion 20 million US dollars.

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< p > < strong > abuse < a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_cj.asp > > intellectual property < /a > protection system < /strong > /p >

< p > with the upgrading of domestic industrial structure and R & D capability, more and more Chinese enterprises have begun to upgrade their competitive edge from price advantage to technological advantage, and even become a new industry leader in some areas. The number and level of competition with counterparts in developed countries are increasing day by day, threatening the monopoly profits and status of the leading industry in the world.

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Taking the US "337 survey" as an example, P has become an increasingly important new trade policy tool and has become an important means for us enterprises to fight against the main competitors of the industry.

According to statistics, since 2009, China's exports to the United States have become the main target of the "337 survey" in the United States, and the proportion of cases registered annually is over 40%.

However, the intellectual property protection system in some countries is not consistent with the content of WTO's agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS). The disunity of technical problems may lead to abuse of intellectual property protection measures.

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< p > > strong > a href= "http://www.91se91.com/news/index_cj.asp" > regional trade agreement < /a > produce discriminatory tariff difference < /strong > /p >

< p > because of the years of stagnation in the Doha Round negotiations, countries have turned to bilateral and regional trade agreements negotiations.

The latest WTO statistics show that as of the end of November 2013, there are still 250 effective regional trade agreements.

The negotiations on regional trade and investment agreements, led by the US and Europe, the p Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and the p the Atlantic trade and investment partnership agreement (TTIP), are aimed at enhancing the competitiveness of member states in the global economy.

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< p > regional trade agreements can promote regional trade facilitation by reducing regional tariffs and excluding non-tariff trade barriers. However, such preferential trade arrangements objectively result in price inferiority of national products outside the region, forming a discriminatory tariff gap and hindering the trade between non member countries and FTA members.

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< p > EU website reported on July 1, 2013 that EU and South Korea's FTA agreement entered into force two years ago, and the EU's export to South Korea achieved strong growth.

In 2012, the EU's exports to the Republic of Korea amounted to 37 billion 800 million euros, an increase of 16.2% over the same period last year, and the EU's imports from Korea amounted to 37 billion 900 million euros, an increase of 4.7% over the same period last year.

Due to the conclusion of the EU and South Korea free trade area, the export volume of Chinese laver to the EU has plummeted, and the market share has been replaced by Korean products.

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< p > < strong > restrictive measures nominal "national security" < /strong > /p >

< p > in recent years, the conduct of trade protection under the name of "National Security Review" has become more and more intense. "Threatening national security" has become a common excuse for restricting foreign products or preventing foreign enterprises from investing.

In the second half of 2012, the US Congress issued a report accusing China HUAWEI and ZTE of threatening national communications security in the United States, urging us companies to avoid cooperation with them, and adopting the comprehensive fiscal appropriation act of 2013, limiting the purchase of the information technology system of Chinese enterprises by some US government departments.

In addition, according to media reports, in November 2013, the United States expressed concern about the so-called "national security" problem brought by Korean operators in purchasing HUAWEI equipment.

According to the data released by the US Foreign Investment Commission (CFIUS) in December 2013, a total of 23 Chinese companies' investment in the US were examined by the US government in 2012, ranking first among countries.

In 2013, a Shanghai enterprise also encountered a "national security permit" review when providing container cranes for India port.

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